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Thread: Parabolic SAR Indicator

Parabolic SAR (PSAR) indicator was developed by J. Welles Wilder.

#PSAR #Indicators #Definedge

 The calculation of this indicator is a bit complex, but the concept is extremely useful. I will try to simplify it and explain the logic. I will briefly explain the concept, calculation and reading.

Let us think about creating an indicator that shows the trend.
Using the indicator, we can identify & ride the trend using the trailing stop-loss method.

For trailing the stop in uptrend, indicator needs to be placed below the candle. Similarly, it should be placed above the candle for trailing in a downtrend. We will plot it using ‘dots’.
So, the indicator & stop-loss will be rising in uptrend & falling in downtrend.

Let us define the trend as:

If Low of the candle > Stop-loss level in bull market = Trend remains bullish.

If High of the candle < Stop-loss level in bear market = Trend is bearish
Imagine you are driving a car on highway; you would like to accelerate if the road is clear. You will slow down if the road is bumpy.
Same concept is applied here.

The indicator rises steadily if the trend is steady. If the trend is strong the indicator should accelerate, it should move faster and stop should get trailed aggressively.

What is strong trend?
Strong?
In a bullish trend if price makes a new high it is a strong bullish trend.
In a bearish trend, if price makes a new low it is a strong bearish trend.

Period?
Period for new high: since the indicator turned bullish
Period for new low: since the indicator turned bearish
Hope concept is clear.

Calculation of PSAR: EP, AF and PSAR

Extreme Price (EP) is calculated on every candle.

‘High’ price in bullish market and ‘Low’ price in bearish market is called as Extreme Price (EP).
If Bullish trend:

If new high is made -> EP = New High price
Else
EP = Prev High

If Bearish trend

If new low is made -> EP = New Low price
Else
EP = Prev Low

Period of new high or low is explained earlier.
Wilder created a method of calculating Acceleration Factor (AF) for the indicator:

> Accelerate it by 0.02 if trend is steady.
> Add 0.02 to previous speed if trend is strong.
> Maximum acceleration will be 0.20.
A = Different between extreme price and PSAR indicator price

Multiply Acceleration factor by A and add it to the previous stop-loss, you get new PSAR indicator reading.

PSAR = A x AF + Previous PSAR reading
Have a look at below image. Pink dots show PSAR indicator.

Phase A is when indicator moving at a steady speed. Phase B is when trend is strong (New high in bull market, new low in bear market) hence, PSAR is accelerating with a greater speed (0.02 being added) during B.
So, the basic reading of the indicator is:

Trend is bullish when price is above the PSAR, it is bearish when price is below PSAR. You can use it as a trend filtration method.

Indicator accelerates during strong trends. Hence, rising PSAR and Falling PSAR are also important.
The indicator is also used as a Stop & Reverse (SAR) trading system.

When trend changes, the length of the stop-loss depends on the previous high or low. Avoid the signal if initial stop-loss is not affordable. Wait for the pullback pattern that provides better risk-reward trade
I wouldn’t say PSAR is a good sup-res indicator because it’s a mathematical calc. But it offers pullback trade opportunity with better risk-reward when price comes near the indicator during strong trends.

It can be used alone or combined with other studies to design the system.
We discussed about AMA and Super trend indicator which uses similar concept. They go flat when trend is not strong. PSAR increases steadily if trend is not strong and moves fast when it is strong.

Below are some Important things about PSAR indictor:
Imp features:
• Unlike many other indicators, you do not have to define the look-back period, define the acceleration factor
• It does not use method of averaging
• It uses high, low prices to determine the trend and stop-loss level
• Indicator accelerates if trend is strong
Indicator is useful & applicable on different timeframes. 0.02 and 0.20 are recommended settings to being with. I like to explore it on Noiseless charts, objective price patterns are advantage there. Change max AF to 0.10 if you want to use it in Renko. I will talk more about it.
Is it a ‘leading’ or ‘best’ indicator? Its different & useful. ‘Leading’ comes at a cost, ‘Lagging’ can b useful as well. Major issue wid learning in d field of trading is that everything is associated wid trading it immediately. Focusing on concept would bring long-term success!

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Prashant Shah
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Thread: Alligator indicator

#Alligator #Indicators #Definedge


Alligator indicator is created by Bill Williams. He was a popular trader and author.

Before we discuss the indicator, let us understand an important concept.

Here is a chart showing 10 day moving average at bar A. Price of the stock is 100, Moving average price is 90.


What if we shift this moving average to 5 bars further? See the chart below.

Moving average at bar B is moving average price of bar A (5 candles behind). This is shifting of moving average price. What does it mean?


Simple explanation is – shifting the moving average can help one compare current price with past period moving average easily. It results in smoothening instead of increasing the moving average parameter. This is also known as Forward Displaced moving average.
STOCKSLEARNINGS , ALL , MARKETLEARNINGS
Prashant Shah
Prashant Shah
@Prashantshah267
Thread: Camarilla Levels

Continuing our discussion on pivot levels, we look at the Camarilla levels which is another widely followed tool.

Word ‘Camarilla’ is borrowed from Spanish. It translates to a group of confidential & private advisers of the King or person in authority.


The Camarilla equation was first developed by a bond trader named Nick Scott in 1989. It is said that he didn't disclose the equation, but people studied the levels & reverse engineered it to find the formula. There r different versions of this formula.

We discussed about ‘Range’ in the earlier thread. The range is basically the difference between High & Low of the session.

High – Low = Range of the session
Continuing with the same levels as an example, If High of the day is 105 and Low is 95, Range of the session is 10 points.


Range shows us activity during the session irrespective of the trend.
Narrow range = Not much movement
Wide Range = Strong activity

Camarilla calculation depends on the Range of the session.

Let’s expand the range to 110%. If Current range is 10, let us make it 11.


Let’s now divide this Range in four parts.

9.17%, 18.33%, 27.50% and 55% of the range.

So, if Range is 10 points:
10 x 9.17% = 0.92
10 x 18.33% = 1.83
10 x 27.50% = 2.75
10 x 55% = 5.50
INDICATORS
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Prashant Shah
Prashant Shah
@Prashantshah267
Thread: 5 Important bullish & bearish chart patterns in technical analysis.

Triangles, Broadenings and Rectangles.

#trading #investing

Many traders analyse and practice western chart patterns. There are many such patterns and enough is talked about them in various books and resources.
Long back, I read a book “Encyclopedia of Chart Patterns” by Thomas N. Bukowski. It’s a brilliant work (Must read).

He backtested many patterns & ranked them based on their performance. Most imp is that he separated the patterns based on their performance in uptrend & downtrend.
I read about those patterns at many other places & in different theories and I realised that most of them are-

-variations of broad category of patterns. I have bifurcated these patterns in various categories.

Triangles, Broadenings & Brackets or Rectangle patterns are most common & effective patterns. Below are 5 bullish & bearish proven, time-tested patterns of these categories.

Bullish Patterns:
Rectangle Breakout:
Horizontal pattern breakout. Price remains between two horizontal lines before upward brkout. Its a decent continuation breakout pattern when appears in uptrend. Reversal pattern when appear in downtrend (Decent Risk-reward). Tend to pullback
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Prashant Shah
Prashant Shah
@Prashantshah267
Thread: Central Pivot Range (CPR)

CPR is another popular tool. Three lines are plotted on the chart when we plot CPR.

The three lines are: CPR, TC and BC.

Let’s understand the calculation.


You may recall that I explained the calculation of Pivot levels in an earlier thread. CPR stands for Central Pivot Range. It is always a center line of the three lines that gets plotted in the chart.

CPR is a Pivot price. Pivot is average of HLC as explained in the prev thread.


We also discussed about Mid-range of the session. Mid-range is average of High and low price of the session.

The mid-range of the bar is known as BC in the CPR calculation. BC stands for Bottom central pivot.


Pivot level captures the relationship of the closing price to the range of the session.

Pivot price above mid-price = bullish pivot
Pivot price below mid-price = bearish pivot


So, CPR line is Pivot and BC line is Mid-range.

What is the difference between both?
Mid-range is average of High and Low.

Pivot is average of High, Low and Close.
What will make the difference between the two?

Close.
FINANCE , LEARNING
Prashant Shah
Prashant Shah
@Prashantshah267
Thread: Super trend indicator:

Developed by Olivier Seban, Super trend is an indicator plotted on the price chart like a moving average.


Let us discuss three important components of this indicator.

1: Range-price.

In every bar or candle, we have four prices - Open, High, Low, Close.

We have the option to select any price of above to define the trend.

For example, we may define an uptrend as today’s close being above yesterday’s close.

We can also calculate range price of every bar. It is also known as Average price or Mid-price.

Range price = (High + Low) / 2


Have a look at the images below.

In the first Image below , the closing price of each candle is connected to the closing price of the next candle.


In the below chart, the “range-price” or the mid-point of each candle is connected.
SUPERTREND

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If you tell me the 15-minute chart shows a bearish divergence, I'll probably tell you I don't give a shit. This thread will teach you why.

Understanding timeframes is crucial in trading and technical analysis.

I'll teach you what they are, how they work and their use.


Usual disclaimer, this thread is simply my personal understanding of timeframes and their use, not a globally agreed-upon thing.

This information does not constitute financial advice. You know the drill. Let's get into it.

Some abbreviations

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HTF = Higher timeframe
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PA = Price Action

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This is why if you're trading the 4h chart, you don't care much about a 1-minute bearish divergence. The movements on much lower timeframes take place much faster than on higher timeframes.
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Aaron D.
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So what will be the aftermath of this GME event?

These are simply my guesses, I don't actually know.

Wallstreet will likely push for licenses being necessary to trade, or put more limits on how many trades you can make, or some other way to screw the average person trading. 1/

FYI, you can only make 4 trades in a day, but if you have more than $25,000 in your account you can make as many as you want.

The system is rigged against the poor, and weighted heavily in favour of the rich. 2/

Will the government shut down the market?

It's possible, but I doubt it.
It would open up new precedents and the optics would be terrible- i.e. shutting down the market because greedy hedgefunds fucked up, and normal people are taking them to the cleaners. 3/

If the government gives in to Wallstreet, they lose all credibility, because this story is basically David vs Goliath, where the Reddit guys are the good guys, and the hedgefunds are the bad guys.

4/

Likely they will implement similar rules to Europe, that stops naked short selling.

Anything more than that, I'm not sure.
I think the media will push the threat of the government shutting down trading, in order to scare people into selling, to give short sellers a way out. 5/
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1/

Get a cup of coffee.

In this thread, I'll help you understand Geometric Expectations.


2/

Imagine we have an investment opportunity.

If the investment goes well, we get to double our money.

But if it goes badly, we'll end up losing three fourths of it.

There's a 50/50 chance of either outcome.

The question: is this a good bet or not?

3/

A simple way to approach this question is to calculate the bet's "expectation".

For every $1 we bet, there are 2 possibilities:

1. The lucky case, where we double our money and end up with $2, and

2. The unlucky case, where we lose (3/4)'th to end up with just $0.25.

4/

Each of these outcomes is equally likely.

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Trader knight
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@Traderknight007
"90% of the traders lose money, But do they lose it all the time?"

Most of them do make money, its just that they give it all back.

Lets analyze why and how a trader makes and loses money
[Thread]:

Below is the equity curve which is most traders dream.


This is equity curve of an average trader:

Most traders do make money, but they give it back to the markets .

Because of trading errors.

What are trading errors?


Trading errors are those errors which happen because of wrong Position sizing, Leverage , etc.

I am not making this up, check your P&L, 90 % of your losses would have come from less then 10% trades.

Most of these happen because of No knowledge, No plan, bad position sizing .

Now, we know what's the problem, lets talk about the solution.

1. Learn the Basics first-

If you don’t get the basics clear then how can you make money?

Learn How to use Support and resistances
Learn How to use trend lines
Learn about trend, it will solve 90% of your problem
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Vikrant
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Full chart learning course 🎓
In single thread 🧵

Process of trading through
price action ✨👇

1⃣Time frame - always start looking chart 📊 with higher time frame (weekly/monthly) then after go for lower one .

Positional trader - weekly/monthly

Swing trader - daily /3hours

Intraday trader - 15/30min

2⃣ demand /supply zone - then draw major/minor demand & supply zone .।।।

Ex : #SIS


3️⃣ Trading style -

⚡If you are positional trader then focus on major demand & supply zone.

⚡If you are swing trader then focus on minor demand & supply zone.

Wait for price to come on it then, 👇

4⃣find consolidation -

⚡Positional trader - consolidation should be above 1/2years.

⚡ swing trader - consolidation should be below 1/2 years

⚡Intraday trader - consolidation should above 5/10 days.

Ex - #galxo / #triveni / #vimta
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