Yajurveda 4.5 (Taittiriya Samhita) is popularly known as Shri Rudram or Śatarudrīya
Its fifth Anuvaka starts with
नमोभवाय च रुद्राय च नमः शर्वाय च पशुपतयेच
Rudra and Apollo [A thread]
Yajurveda 4.5 (Taittiriya Samhita) is popularly known as Shri Rudram or Śatarudrīya
Its fifth Anuvaka starts with
नमोभवाय च रुद्राय च नमः शर्वाय च पशुपतयेच
नमस्तेरुद्रमन्यव उतोत इषवेनमः ।
नमस्ते अस्तुधन्वनेबाहुभ्यामुततेनमः ॥
"Veneration to your wrath, O Rudra. Veneration to your arrow as well; Veneration to your bow and veneration to your arms" (Yajurveda 4.5.1.1).
The bow of Rudra was पिनाक
In Illiad (c. 800 BC), The most frequent phrase used by Homer to describe Apollo is "Apollo who shoots from afar"
"I will remember and not forget Apollo who shoots from afar."
"Apollo who kiIIs from afar"- Euripedes
This phrase has a parallel in Śatarudrīya which describes Rudra as दूरेवधाय ( he who shoots/kiIIs from afar)
https://t.co/SZQshE8PgP
In the later Greek literature, "divine healer" is the most common epithet for Apollo.
Before the advent of Christianity. The Greek physicians ritually worshiped Apollo before commencing their craft.
This terms is now found as the suffix "iatry" in several medical terms.
Pediatry,Psychiatry,holiatry, chemiatry, hippiatry etc.
In the very first Anuvaka, Rudra is defined as Daivyobhishak("divine healer").
Ayurvedic doctors traditionally began their craft by praying to Rudra.
This is why Rudra-Śiva is called "Vaidyanath" ("Lord of doctors")
Am I saying that Rudra and Apollo are one and the same? No, I am NOT.
Am I comparing Rudra to Apollo? No, I am NOT. In my personal belief, there is no one equal to Rudra.
I noticed some connections that I document in this thread.
If you cannot keep an open mind, there is no need to read this thread. I will block anyone misinterpreting/abusing
Yes, there are many. But most of these differences spring from later, post Homeric times. Greek society has made innovations and the sect of Apollo kept changing with time, associating Apollo with attributes not originally found.
In this form, Apollo was depicted as half male & half female, encompassing both masculine & feminine forms of reality.
There was a large temple dedicated to Apollo Didymeus.
at Miletus (Anatolia)
https://t.co/f71xdtuQVp
Before the advent of Christianity, the Greek Pagan Musicians and Dancers worshiped Apollo as their patron deity.
Apollo is frequently shown dancing with Muses (who are minor Greek goddesses personifying arts)
This Ballet of the Greek age is infact the originator of modern western Ballet.
https://t.co/QloIMbKXLJ
https://t.co/L5cVLG7BAf
One of his epithets is Νυμφηγέτης. He is also known as ζοοποσισ("Lord of animals"). From Zoo=animals+ Posis=protector/Lord.
Rudra is called 'Pashupati' which literally means "Lord/Protector of animals".
In Anuvaka 2:
नमो॑ वृ॒क्षेभ्यो॒ हरि॑केशेभ्यः पशू॒नां पत॑ये॒ नमो॒ (Yajurveda 4.5.2.2)
Anuvaka 5:
नमो॑ भ॒वाय॑ च रु॒द्राय॑ च॒ नमः॑ श॒र्वाय॑ च पशु॒पत॑ये च॒ (4.5.5.2)
Anuvaka 8:
नमः॑ शं॒गाय॑ च पशु॒पत॑ये च॒(4.5.8.2)
It is dated to 3rd-2nd century BC & is considered by many historians as "one of the earliest surviving &unequivocal images of Shiva"
Even in many of the Utsavamurtis of Shiva, he is shown holding the deer with his fingers.
What do we make of this? I leave the interpretation to the readers. But there is a pattern.
In the earlier Homeric age, Apollo shares many attributes with Rudra. There are many differences too.
A religion is a continuum. Even if we talk about the common attributes, their perception is different across cultures. Interpretation and perception is a continuous product and keeps changing with time
More from Bharadwaj
India and Israel. Hindus and Jews.
This thread is about the history of the mutual interaction and relation between two of the oldest extent civilizations of the world.
We will also look at how appeasement politics alienated our ally and affected our own international position
The earliest trade contact between Hebrews and Hindus could have dated back to the era of David and Solomon.
"The king had trading ships at sea along with ships of Hiram. Every three years it returned, carrying gold, silver and ivory, and apes and baboons"
Bible( Kings 10.22)
According to the Old Testament, Ophir was the name of the place famous for its wealth. Solomon traded gold, silver, sandalwood, pearls, ivory, apes, and peacocks
Modern scholars have identified Ophir with Abhira kingdom of western India
https://t.co/5En1aZrViM
But the first large scale migration of Jewish refugees to India was after Roman destruction of Jerusalem.
Indian Jewish tradition says first wave of Jewish refugees landed on Kerala coast at Kodungallur in 70 CE.
Painting from Paradesi Synagogue(Mattanchery) depicts the scene
The Hindu Maharaja of Kodungallur cordially received the Jewish refugees.
He granted them land, freedom of life & freedom to practice religion.
Painting from Paradesi Synagogue depicts the king welcoming Jewish refugees.
The king is with full entourage bearing colored parasols
This thread is about the history of the mutual interaction and relation between two of the oldest extent civilizations of the world.
We will also look at how appeasement politics alienated our ally and affected our own international position
The earliest trade contact between Hebrews and Hindus could have dated back to the era of David and Solomon.
"The king had trading ships at sea along with ships of Hiram. Every three years it returned, carrying gold, silver and ivory, and apes and baboons"
Bible( Kings 10.22)
According to the Old Testament, Ophir was the name of the place famous for its wealth. Solomon traded gold, silver, sandalwood, pearls, ivory, apes, and peacocks
Modern scholars have identified Ophir with Abhira kingdom of western India
https://t.co/5En1aZrViM
But the first large scale migration of Jewish refugees to India was after Roman destruction of Jerusalem.
Indian Jewish tradition says first wave of Jewish refugees landed on Kerala coast at Kodungallur in 70 CE.
Painting from Paradesi Synagogue(Mattanchery) depicts the scene
The Hindu Maharaja of Kodungallur cordially received the Jewish refugees.
He granted them land, freedom of life & freedom to practice religion.
Painting from Paradesi Synagogue depicts the king welcoming Jewish refugees.
The king is with full entourage bearing colored parasols
This is THEFT!
Indians had Algebra BEFORE Mμslim prophet & religion was even born.
Here is Bakhshali Manuscript dating back to 3rd century CE. It is an Algebraic treatise. Have you anything like this from the Arabian desert? No, you simply plagiarized Algebra from Indians! https://t.co/cWXRNYMgDt
The Bakhshali manuscript, which has been carbon dated to 3rd century CE, is an ancient Hindu treatise on Arithmetic and Algebra.
The Algebraic problems deal with simultaneous equations, quadratic equations, arithmetic
geometric progressions & quadratic indeterminate equations.
Bakhshali isn't earliest Indian Algebraic treatise. Early Algebra is found in Shulba Sutras dating back to at least 800 BC. Traditional Algebra reached its pinnacle in the works of Aryabhata & Bhaskara.
What makes Bakhshali special is it offers mathematical proof to its theories
It is surprising to see that even after the ancient Indian algebraic treatise has been carbon dated to 3rd century CE by Oxford, they persist with "oh we invented Algebra. It is Halal".
A brief examination of the origins of "Halal Algebra" follows
https://t.co/eFIZ98FDrI
The earliest work of "Arabic Algebra" is the "Al-Kitāb Al-Jabr wal-muqābala" by Al Khwarizmi. The term "Algebra" comes from this book ("Al Jabr").
Before writing his treatise, Al Khwarizmi visited India. His book is a plagiarism from Indian Mathematics and an obvious one at that
Indians had Algebra BEFORE Mμslim prophet & religion was even born.
Here is Bakhshali Manuscript dating back to 3rd century CE. It is an Algebraic treatise. Have you anything like this from the Arabian desert? No, you simply plagiarized Algebra from Indians! https://t.co/cWXRNYMgDt
Muslims gave the world Algebra, so here's a "halal" way to say Merry Christmas to our Christian friends :)#MerryChristmas2020 pic.twitter.com/aLXEw2K2I1
— Qasim Rashid, Esq. (@QasimRashid) December 25, 2020
The Bakhshali manuscript, which has been carbon dated to 3rd century CE, is an ancient Hindu treatise on Arithmetic and Algebra.
The Algebraic problems deal with simultaneous equations, quadratic equations, arithmetic
geometric progressions & quadratic indeterminate equations.
Bakhshali isn't earliest Indian Algebraic treatise. Early Algebra is found in Shulba Sutras dating back to at least 800 BC. Traditional Algebra reached its pinnacle in the works of Aryabhata & Bhaskara.
What makes Bakhshali special is it offers mathematical proof to its theories
It is surprising to see that even after the ancient Indian algebraic treatise has been carbon dated to 3rd century CE by Oxford, they persist with "oh we invented Algebra. It is Halal".
A brief examination of the origins of "Halal Algebra" follows
https://t.co/eFIZ98FDrI
The earliest work of "Arabic Algebra" is the "Al-Kitāb Al-Jabr wal-muqābala" by Al Khwarizmi. The term "Algebra" comes from this book ("Al Jabr").
Before writing his treatise, Al Khwarizmi visited India. His book is a plagiarism from Indian Mathematics and an obvious one at that
The official name of this mosque is "Atala Devi Masjid".
It still stands on the pillars of the Hindu temple that originally stood at this site.
The temple was destroyed and its material was used in the construction of the Mosque. Egyptian?
"The original name of Jaunpur was Yavanapura".
"Even in the 19th century, no Hindu called it by the name 'Jaunpur'".
"The local Sharqi Sultans were great destroyers, and every mosque in Jaunpur was built on an existing Hindu temple"
- Archaeological survey of India report
"There is a Sanskrit inscription dating back to 8th century in the Southern Gate of the Jaunpur's Jami mosque".
"There is at present not ANY trace of old temples standing, for the Muhammadan conquerors did their work of destruction with unusual completeness"
- ASI report
"After destroying Karar Bir temple, Firoz Shah saw Atala Devi temple.
He ordered the temple to be destroyed immediately.
But Hindus violently attacked the workmen & pelted the emperor with stones.
Hindus were initially victorious"
- Tarikh I Jaunpur, translated by Pogson
"But fresh Muslim troops arrived from Jaunpur Capital Zafarabad.
An order for slaughter was issued.
Thousands of Hindu infidels became food to the d0gs of death. The river Gomati ran red with Hindu blo0d. Yet, Hindus did not refrain from fighting" -
Tarikh I Jaunpur
It still stands on the pillars of the Hindu temple that originally stood at this site.
The temple was destroyed and its material was used in the construction of the Mosque. Egyptian?
Jama Masjid of Jaunpur is regarded as an eye-catching, creative and artistic attraction. It is adorned with Egyptian style engravings. The curves and arches are also skillfully decorated with lotus, sunflower and rose motifs.#Jaunpur #UPNahiDekhaTohIndiaNahiDekha #UmmazingUP pic.twitter.com/Pdq8kv9wa0
— UP Tourism (@uptourismgov) October 23, 2020
"The original name of Jaunpur was Yavanapura".
"Even in the 19th century, no Hindu called it by the name 'Jaunpur'".
"The local Sharqi Sultans were great destroyers, and every mosque in Jaunpur was built on an existing Hindu temple"
- Archaeological survey of India report
"There is a Sanskrit inscription dating back to 8th century in the Southern Gate of the Jaunpur's Jami mosque".
"There is at present not ANY trace of old temples standing, for the Muhammadan conquerors did their work of destruction with unusual completeness"
- ASI report
"After destroying Karar Bir temple, Firoz Shah saw Atala Devi temple.
He ordered the temple to be destroyed immediately.
But Hindus violently attacked the workmen & pelted the emperor with stones.
Hindus were initially victorious"
- Tarikh I Jaunpur, translated by Pogson
"But fresh Muslim troops arrived from Jaunpur Capital Zafarabad.
An order for slaughter was issued.
Thousands of Hindu infidels became food to the d0gs of death. The river Gomati ran red with Hindu blo0d. Yet, Hindus did not refrain from fighting" -
Tarikh I Jaunpur
More from All
#ஆதித்தியஹ்ருதயம் ஸ்தோத்திரம்
இது சூரிய குலத்தில் உதித்த இராமபிரானுக்கு தமிழ் முனிவர் அகத்தியர் உபதேசித்ததாக வால்மீகி இராமாயணத்தில் வருகிறது. ஆதித்ய ஹ்ருதயத்தைத் தினமும் ஓதினால் பெரும் பயன் பெறலாம் என மகான்களும் ஞானிகளும் காலம் காலமாகக் கூறி வருகின்றனர். ராம-ராவண யுத்தத்தை
தேவர்களுடன் சேர்ந்து பார்க்க வந்திருந்த அகத்தியர், அப்போது போரினால் களைத்து, கவலையுடன் காணப்பட்ட ராமபிரானை அணுகி, மனிதர்களிலேயே சிறந்தவனான ராமா போரில் எந்த மந்திரத்தைப் பாராயணம் செய்தால் எல்லா பகைவர்களையும் வெல்ல முடியுமோ அந்த ரகசிய மந்திரத்தை, வேதத்தில் சொல்லப்பட்டுள்ளதை உனக்கு
நான் உபதேசிக்கிறேன், கேள் என்று கூறி உபதேசித்தார். முதல் இரு சுலோகங்கள் சூழ்நிலையை விவரிக்கின்றன. மூன்றாவது சுலோகம் அகத்தியர் இராமபிரானை விளித்துக் கூறுவதாக அமைந்திருக்கிறது. நான்காவது சுலோகம் முதல் முப்பதாம் சுலோகம் வரை ஆதித்ய ஹ்ருதயம் என்னும் நூல். முப்பத்தி ஒன்றாம் சுலோகம்
இந்தத் துதியால் மகிழ்ந்த சூரியன் இராமனை வாழ்த்துவதைக் கூறுவதாக அமைந்திருக்கிறது.
ஐந்தாவது ஸ்லோகம்:
ஸர்வ மங்கள் மாங்கல்யம் ஸர்வ பாப ப்ரநாசனம்
சிந்தா சோக ப்ரசமனம் ஆயுர் வர்த்தனம் உத்தமம்
பொருள்: இந்த அதித்ய ஹ்ருதயம் என்ற துதி மங்களங்களில் சிறந்தது, பாவங்களையும் கவலைகளையும்
குழப்பங்களையும் நீக்குவது, வாழ்நாளை நீட்டிப்பது, மிகவும் சிறந்தது. இதயத்தில் வசிக்கும் பகவானுடைய அனுக்ரகத்தை அளிப்பதாகும்.
முழு ஸ்லோக லிங்க் பொருளுடன் இங்கே உள்ளது https://t.co/Q3qm1TfPmk
சூரியன் உலக இயக்கத்திற்கு மிக முக்கியமானவர். சூரிய சக்தியால்தான் ஜீவராசிகள், பயிர்கள்
இது சூரிய குலத்தில் உதித்த இராமபிரானுக்கு தமிழ் முனிவர் அகத்தியர் உபதேசித்ததாக வால்மீகி இராமாயணத்தில் வருகிறது. ஆதித்ய ஹ்ருதயத்தைத் தினமும் ஓதினால் பெரும் பயன் பெறலாம் என மகான்களும் ஞானிகளும் காலம் காலமாகக் கூறி வருகின்றனர். ராம-ராவண யுத்தத்தை
தேவர்களுடன் சேர்ந்து பார்க்க வந்திருந்த அகத்தியர், அப்போது போரினால் களைத்து, கவலையுடன் காணப்பட்ட ராமபிரானை அணுகி, மனிதர்களிலேயே சிறந்தவனான ராமா போரில் எந்த மந்திரத்தைப் பாராயணம் செய்தால் எல்லா பகைவர்களையும் வெல்ல முடியுமோ அந்த ரகசிய மந்திரத்தை, வேதத்தில் சொல்லப்பட்டுள்ளதை உனக்கு
நான் உபதேசிக்கிறேன், கேள் என்று கூறி உபதேசித்தார். முதல் இரு சுலோகங்கள் சூழ்நிலையை விவரிக்கின்றன. மூன்றாவது சுலோகம் அகத்தியர் இராமபிரானை விளித்துக் கூறுவதாக அமைந்திருக்கிறது. நான்காவது சுலோகம் முதல் முப்பதாம் சுலோகம் வரை ஆதித்ய ஹ்ருதயம் என்னும் நூல். முப்பத்தி ஒன்றாம் சுலோகம்
இந்தத் துதியால் மகிழ்ந்த சூரியன் இராமனை வாழ்த்துவதைக் கூறுவதாக அமைந்திருக்கிறது.
ஐந்தாவது ஸ்லோகம்:
ஸர்வ மங்கள் மாங்கல்யம் ஸர்வ பாப ப்ரநாசனம்
சிந்தா சோக ப்ரசமனம் ஆயுர் வர்த்தனம் உத்தமம்
பொருள்: இந்த அதித்ய ஹ்ருதயம் என்ற துதி மங்களங்களில் சிறந்தது, பாவங்களையும் கவலைகளையும்
குழப்பங்களையும் நீக்குவது, வாழ்நாளை நீட்டிப்பது, மிகவும் சிறந்தது. இதயத்தில் வசிக்கும் பகவானுடைய அனுக்ரகத்தை அளிப்பதாகும்.
முழு ஸ்லோக லிங்க் பொருளுடன் இங்கே உள்ளது https://t.co/Q3qm1TfPmk
சூரியன் உலக இயக்கத்திற்கு மிக முக்கியமானவர். சூரிய சக்தியால்தான் ஜீவராசிகள், பயிர்கள்
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So the cryptocurrency industry has basically two products, one which is relatively benign and doesn't have product market fit, and one which is malignant and does. The industry has a weird superposition of understanding this fact and (strategically?) not understanding it.
The benign product is sovereign programmable money, which is historically a niche interest of folks with a relatively clustered set of beliefs about the state, the literary merit of Snow Crash, and the utility of gold to the modern economy.
This product has narrow appeal and, accordingly, is worth about as much as everything else on a 486 sitting in someone's basement is worth.
The other product is investment scams, which have approximately the best product market fit of anything produced by humans. In no age, in no country, in no city, at no level of sophistication do people consistently say "Actually I would prefer not to get money for nothing."
This product needs the exchanges like they need oxygen, because the value of it is directly tied to having payment rails to move real currency into the ecosystem and some jurisdictional and regulatory legerdemain to stay one step ahead of the banhammer.
If everyone was holding bitcoin on the old x86 in their parents basement, we would be finding a price bottom. The problem is the risk is all pooled at a few brokerages and a network of rotten exchanges with counter party risk that makes AIG circa 2008 look like a good credit.
— Greg Wester (@gwestr) November 25, 2018
The benign product is sovereign programmable money, which is historically a niche interest of folks with a relatively clustered set of beliefs about the state, the literary merit of Snow Crash, and the utility of gold to the modern economy.
This product has narrow appeal and, accordingly, is worth about as much as everything else on a 486 sitting in someone's basement is worth.
The other product is investment scams, which have approximately the best product market fit of anything produced by humans. In no age, in no country, in no city, at no level of sophistication do people consistently say "Actually I would prefer not to get money for nothing."
This product needs the exchanges like they need oxygen, because the value of it is directly tied to having payment rails to move real currency into the ecosystem and some jurisdictional and regulatory legerdemain to stay one step ahead of the banhammer.
