Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
The term "electro-optic" is often erroneously used as a synonym for "optoelectronic".
are electrical-to-optical
or optical-to-electrical transducers,
or instruments that use such devices in their operation.
◦photodiodes (including solar cells)
◦phototransistors
◦photomultipliers
◦optoisolators
◦integrated optical circuit (IOC) elements
•Photoconductivity, used in:
◦photoresistors
◦photoconductive camera tubes
•Stimulated emission, used in:
◦injection laser diodes
◦quantum cascade lasers
•Lossev effect, or radiative recombination, used in:
◦light-emitting diodes or LED
◦OLEDs
•Photoemissivity, used in
◦photoemissive camera tube
An opto-isolator contains a source (emitter) of light, almost always a near infrared light-emitting diode (LED), that converts electrical input signal into light, a closed optical channel (also called dielectrical channel),
switching pulses (spikes) and perturbations in power supply.
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— Sarah Frier (@sarahfrier) November 15, 2018
In the spring and summer of 2016, as reported by the Times, activity we traced to GRU was reported to the FBI. This was the standard model of interaction companies used for nation-state attacks against likely US targeted.
In the Spring of 2017, after a deep dive into the Fake News phenomena, the security team wanted to publish an update that covered what we had learned. At this point, we didn’t have any advertising content or the big IRA cluster, but we did know about the GRU model.
This report when through dozens of edits as different equities were represented. I did not have any meetings with Sheryl on the paper, but I can’t speak to whether she was in the loop with my higher-ups.
In the end, the difficult question of attribution was settled by us pointing to the DNI report instead of saying Russia or GRU directly. In my pre-briefs with members of Congress, I made it clear that we believed this action was GRU.
