BC MACHINE LEARNING

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$Prashant \U0001f4da$

Prashant 📚
@capeandcode 5 years, 5 months ago 843 views

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Ever heard of Autoencoders?

The first time I saw a Neural Network with more output neurons than in the hidden layers, I couldn't figure how it would work?!

#DeepLearning #MachineLearning
Here's a little something about them: 🧵👇

Autoencoders are unsupervised neural networks whose architecture you can picture as two funnels connect from the narrow ends.

These networks are primary focus for compression tasks of data in Machine Learning.

We feed them the data so that they can learn the most important features, a smaller representation while keep the integrity of the data.

Later when someone needs, can just take that small representation and recreate the original, just like a zip file.📥

Being unsupervised, they require no labels.
Our inputs and outputs are same and a simple euclidean distance can be used as a loss function for measuring the reconstruction.

Of course, we wouldn't expect a perfect reconstruction.

We can think of an autoencoder having two components, encoder and decoder, represented by the below equations:

We are just trying to minimize the L here. All the backpropagation rules still hold.

Advantages over PCA:

▫️ Can learn non-linear transformations, with non-linear activation functions and multiple layers.

▫️ Doesn't have to learn only from dense layers, can learn from convolutional layers too, better for images, videos right?

▫️ More efficient to learn several layers with auto-encoders rather than one huge transformation with PCA

▫️ Can make use of pre-trained layers from another model to apply transfer learning to enhance the encoder /decoder

Some Common Applications:

🔸 Image Colouring
🔸 Feature Variation
🔸 Dimensionality Reduction
🔸 Denoising Image
🔸 Watermark Removal

Some famous types of autoencoders:

🔹 Convolution Autoencoders
🔹 Sparse Autoencoders
🔹 Deep Autoencoders
🔹 Contractive Autoencoders

Here's the first implementation that I did for dimensionality reduction a couple years, minimal code.
🔗https://t.co/AfAdbA6zMi

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Anson Horton
@AnsonHorton

1/ It's probably not the first thing you think of, but when we started .NET (COM+) in the late 90s, C# didn't exist yet. We were working on it at the same time as the CLR and the framework. So, you might wonder, what language was being used to generate IL and write the BCL?

2/ The answer is a language that we called SMC that Peter Kukol wrote the compiler for. Peter is a flat out amazing engineer and wrote the core parts of the compiler in just a few days. This unblocked the framework team, allowed vetting the runtime and interpreter, etc.

3/ SMC was a trimmed down C++ variant and the compiler was written in itself (i.e. SMC). It didn't support things like destructors, multiple inheritance, virtual base classes, etc. But, overall it enabled progress that would have otherwise been stalled.

4/ It did introduce a problem for the C# language and compiler team though. Every day more and more code was written in SMC, a language that we did not intend to ship externally. Designing a new language is hard (well, at least, a general purpose one that becomes popular).

5/ So there was a constant balancing act between laying enough of the foundation of the language and the C# compiler to replace SMC and making sure that the design lived up to the goals and ideals the team was striving for. If we waited too long to adopt C#,

emmi
@emmibevensee

The "polarization is the problem" narrative to me is bad because it implies the status quo was a stable and acceptable set of trade-offs. It's the equivalent of a pollyanna "why can't we all get along" but the we in question is white supremacy and its targets.

like i understand that conflict mediation requires mutual concessions (i did my MA in conflict studies) and while it's important to meet people's deep needs across spectrums of difference, certain things are just not up for negotiation.

Also while peacebuilding work is good. It's not just "seeing each other as human" it's literally about transforming structural issues. (hence Galtung's distinction between positive and negative peace wherin negative peace is like a ceasefire and positive is a transformed society.

And I think that to whatever extent that kind of peacebuilding work is applicable, it's not between fascists and people who think fascists are bad. Fascists are not invited. They are only invited if they seize territories and can't be crushed. Then secret negotiations.

The US is always like "we don't negotiate with terrorists" but literally every president negotiates with who they consider to be terrorists. It's all just down low. But that's just because counter-insurgency failed.

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$Unknown \U0001f464$

Unknown 👤
@console_404

10 PYTHON 🐍 libraries for machine learning.

Retweets are appreciated.
[ Thread ]

1. NumPy (Numerical Python)

- The most powerful feature of NumPy is the n-dimensional array.

- It contains basic linear algebra functions, Fourier transforms, and tools for integration with other low-level languages.

Ref: https://t.co/XY13ILXwSN

2. SciPy (Scientific Python)

- SciPy is built on NumPy.

- It is one of the most useful libraries for a variety of high-level science and engineering modules like discrete Fourier transform, Linear Algebra, Optimization, and Sparse matrices.

Ref: https://t.co/ALTFqM2VUo

3. Matplotlib

- Matplotlib is a comprehensive library for creating static, animated, and interactive visualizations in Python.

- You can also use Latex commands to add math to your plot.

- Matplotlib makes hard things possible.

Ref: https://t.co/zodOo2WzGx

4. Pandas

- Pandas is for structured data operations and manipulations.

- It is extensively used for data munging and preparation.

- Pandas were added relatively recently to Python and have been instrumental in boosting Python’s usage.

Ref: https://t.co/IFzikVHht4

Jan Giacomelli
@jangiacomelli

🤔 Python decorators

What are they? How do you use them?

🧵 Let's find out 👇

1️⃣ Decorator is a function or a class that wraps another function or class modifying its behavior.

So how does that work?

The first thing to know is that everything in Python is an object - functions too

2️⃣ That means they can be passed to another function as an argument or returned from a function

Functions that take other functions as an argument are called higher-order functions

3️⃣ In Python, you can define a function inside other function - such functions are called inner functions

4️⃣ To create a decorator you just need to apply all of that together

log_enter_leave is a decorator.

my_function is the function.

To alter my_function's behavior we reassign it applying log_enter_leave decorator.

Jan Giacomelli
@jangiacomelli

🤔 Python generators

What are they? How to use them?

#Python

🧵Let's find out 👇

1️⃣ Python generators are lazy iterators delivering the next value when their .next() is called.

They are created by using the yield keyword

next() can be called explicitly or implicitly inside for loop

They can be finite or infinite

2️⃣ yield - where a value is sent back to the caller, but the function doesn’t exit afterward as with the return statement

The state of function is remembered.

For example, the number is incremented and sent back from yield at the consecutive call next()

3️⃣ Generator stores only the current state of the function - it generates next element on next() call and forgets the previous one -> it saves memory

For example, we don't need to store 1mio elements in memory to do something with each element

4️⃣ When you call a generator function generator object is returned - it's not executed yet

It executes only when next() is called

For example, that's why Exception is raised only on the next() call

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Stan Lee’s fictional superheroes lived in the real New York. Here’s where they lived, and why. https://t.co/oV1IGGN8R6

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The New York universe hooked readers. And the artists drew what they were familiar with, which made the Marvel universe authentic-looking, down to the water towers atop many of the buildings. https://t.co/rDosqzpP8i

The Avengers Mansion was a Beaux-Arts palace. Fans know it as 890 Fifth Avenue. The Frick Collection, which now occupies the place, uses the address of the front door: 1 East 70th Street.

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FT Trading┃Stock Trade...
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Ever wonder how traders get in stocks before they explode? 🧐

Or find options that move 1,000% in a single day/week?🤯

I made a thread going over exactly how I find these stocks BEFORE they take off 🚀
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So, let's start with the software I use…

Finviz!! Finviz is a free website that I use to scan for stocks.

They have a lot of other cool features as well, but I only use their scanner.
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Head on over to finviz and go to the screener

Click on the “All” tab on the top and put in the criteria in the next tweet
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The next scan I use is the opposite of the first one.

Simply change:
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LESSER KNOWN DETAILS ABOUT THE BATTLE OF PRATAPGAD - THIS YOU ALL SHOULD READ

In the 1659 Adilshah sent Afzalkhan with the army of 75000 soldiers to destroy Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj with his empire. He was the main soldier, warrior and minister in Adilshahi Sultanate.

He was the Subhedar of Wai province.

He was very powerful physically. His height was 7.3 ft. due to same he was very popular as a strong man from Adilshahi Sultanate.

Whole India was not daring to fight with Adilshahi due to Afzal Khan.

Badi Begum Sahiba sent him to kill Chhatrapati Shivaji on any cost.

Voluntary he decided to destroy Chhatrapati Shivaji’s empire with him. He started his operation against Chhatrapati Shivaji from "wai". He destroyed many temples like as Tulja Bhavani Temple.

He destroyed so many villages, killed villagers to torture Chhatrapati Shivaji.

DETAILED VIEW- Running commentary

1. Chhatrapati Shivaji chose Pantaji as a lawyer to communicate with Afzal Khan. Pantaji was very sharp minded, who did his job very nicely.

2. He presented Chhatrapati Shivaji is fearing Afzal Khan and he wanted to invite him in his kingdom near Pratapgad.

3. Pantaji succeed in the communication with Afzal Khan and he brought him as per the planning of Chhatrapati Shivaji.

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Surkanda devi mandir is a famous shrine of Hindus located near Kaddukhal distt of Uttarakhand, 11 Km from the town of Dhanaulti and 35 Km from Mussoorie.
The Temple is one of the 51 Shakti Peethas spread all over Indian Subcontinent and is dedicated to Goddess Surkanda.

Nestled on a Hill at an Altitude of 2700 m approx, the place offers a splendid view of the snow capped mountains, the picturesque scenic beauty that offers an experience of the lifetime.
The Temple build in the traditional Garhwal style exuberates the Architectural splendour.

The origins of the Surkanda Mata Mandir is attributed to Goddess Sati, consort of Bhagwan Shiv who in a rage immolated herself in her arrogant Father Daksha's Yajna Kund bcoz he didn't invite Bhagwan Shiv in the Yajna.

Devastated by the death of Sati Shiva wandered all over the cosmos performing Tandava-The Dance of Cosmic Destruction.Fearing the total annihilation of cosmos, Gods requested Bhagwan Vishnu to pacify Shiva.Bhagwan Vishnu then used his discuss to destroy the burning corps of Sati.

The pieces of Sati Mata's body then got scattered all over the region which were later established as Shakti Peethas by Bhagwan Shiva himself.Its believed that the head of Sati fell here and it was called Sirkhanda Mata Temple before, but with passage of time it became Surkanda.