Fun fact: the standard advice for if a dog, cat, or human bites your hand, is to feed the bite. Push your hand further into their mouth, forcing the jaw open.

Nurses, EMTs, veterinarians, etc are taught to respond this

The advice for a human biting you is to jam your hand or arm deeper into their mouth, and rub the spot under their nose back and forth.
If you attempt to remove your hand, or forearm, the teeth do what they're supposed to and gouge out a chunk.

This vicious wolf attack illustrates proper technique.
So: every EMT and nurse who gets bitten by a human, is trained to jam their hand or forearm deeper into the mouth, feeding the bite so the jaw widens enough to remove the limb
Also, every redneck learns this along with the advice of "never run from an angry dog"
People whose life involves more bites than usual, are trained to do this. They get horror stories from coworkers who forgot to feed the bite.
A study of human bites: https://t.co/7sYwaiX8Xd
The study indicates that one of the worst bite wounds from a human, is a "fight bite," where someone punches their fist right into a person's mouth. This causes very deep puncture wounds, and greatly increases the chance of infection of tendons and joints.
What makes fight bites even more dangerous, is that extending the fingers afterwards acts to smear bacteria along tendons.

They have to be evaluated while keeping the fist closed.
The natural response to hand injuries is to flex the hand, extending the fingers to evaluate the extent of the injury.

This, if the bite punctured the MCP joints or tendon sheath, makes infection much more likely.
Who gets bitten most frequently?

Young, drunk men, while partying. And they get bitten mostly on the face.

https://t.co/XlUlMlDeiH
Human bite injuries account for 0.1% of ER visits.

https://t.co/O7C7WfAXeH
Here's a study of bite wounds, animal and human, in Germany https://t.co/59H58rhlrq
In this study, 77% of human bites were fight bites https://t.co/mvnu5wJXja
This study measured bite force in 770 humans

Incisor: 43.3kg
First Molar: 120.66kg https://t.co/EfRbZEZjsh
This study tested human bite force using a gnathodynamometer.

All subjects ceased applying pressure citing tooth pain, well before maximal pressure was exerted. https://t.co/IRGjQxoTi5
The highest recorded bite in this one was 124kg.

He also used a phagodynamometer to test crush pressures of various foods, with surprising results. He found that bread crusts can be incompressible enough to shatter tooth cusps.
The strongest recorded human bite was by Richard Hofmann, a floridaman, with 442kg of bite strength as measured by the gnathodynamometer.

For two seconds. https://t.co/Vk2TqyKUxc

More from Anosognosiogenesis

An interesting thing about carp is that they can go into anoxic hibernation and switch to an anaerobic metabolism based on converting glycogen to ethanol.

The waste ethanol is diffused out the gills

https://t.co/V3D1umHf04

Carp can switch over to an anaerobic metabolism and quietly exhale booze until the situation gets better.

They basically evolved the same metabolic pathway as yeast, independently.

In theory, if you spent a few thousand years breeding carp for it, you could use them to make booze.

They'd be enormous, almost entirely glycogen deposits with a fish added as an afterthought.

The really interesting thing about anaerobic carp, is that they can go 4-5 months without oxygen by relying on liver glycogen.

You, a human, have only about 100 grams of glycogen in your liver, about 400 more grams in your skeletal muscles. Call it 500 grams total.

In humans, glycogen is also burned for energy. This is where the marathon runner's bonk comes from: you only have about 2,000 calories worth, and running a marathon burns those 2,000 calories.
The US immigration act of 1907 signed by Teddy Roosevelt: ableist as hell. https://t.co/ficeXOImo5


One theory for why the Spanish flu was so unusually lethal for young people:

They hadn't lived through the previous flu pandemic of 1889-1890 (https://t.co/OiDZYtdbWx) that killed about 1 million people. And thus had no carryover immunity.

It's suspected that the 1889 pandemic was not influenza, but a coronavirus.

The 1889 virus spread rapidly, killing mostly the elderly.

The 1889 virus was the first truly modern pandemic: people knew about germs, it spread via trains, it spread at the speed of modern transportation and commerce

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