BC ACCOUNTING
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Accounting is the language of business.

If you buy stocks, you MUST learn how to read a Cash Flow Statement.

Here’s everything you need to know:

 The cash flow statement shows how cash moves in and out of a company over a period of time.

The most common time periods are:
▪️1 Quarter
▪️1 Year
▪️Year-to-date (usually 6 or 9 months)

The time period is at the top. Here's $NFLX recent cash flow statement time period.
Some companies show the cash flow statement in their earnings press release, but many don’t.

You can find the cash flow statement by looking at:
▪️10-Q (Quarterly Report)
▪️10-K (Annual Report)
▪️Fnancial aggregators such as @theTIKR,
@CMLviz, @themotleyfool, @YahooFinance
There are three main segments to a cash flow statement.

1. Operating Activities
2. Investing Activities
3. Financing Activities

Companies get some leeway with how they breakout each segment, but they all follow this basic structure.
Let’s start with Operating Activities.

This segment STARTS with net income (the bottom number of the Income Statement).

It shows cash movements from all normal operational business activities.
Non-cash expenses are ADDED back as a source of cash.

Common categories:
▪️Depreciation: Value of asset decreasing over time 
▪️Amortization: Expensing a pre-paid cost over time
▪️Stock-Based Comp: Paying employees with equity
Next is Working Capital, which can ADD or SUBTRACT from cash flow:

Categories:
▪️Accounts Receivable: Sales that haven't been collected yet
▪️Accounts Payable: Bills that haven't been paid yet
▪️Inventory: Value of product you haven’t sold yet
Once all cash adjustments are made, the net is a company’s Operating Cash Flow.

Think of this number like a company’s Net Income, but in actual cash.
The next section is called Cash Flows from Investing Activities.

The shows the cash gains and losses from investments the business has made.
Categories:
▪️Capital Expenditure (CAPEX): Money spent to acquire/maintain physical assets such as property, plants, buildings, or equipment.
▪️Acquisitions: buying another company
▪️Proceeds from sale of investments: Cash recieved from selling CAPEX or acquisitions
We can now calculate Free Cash Flow (FCF)!

FCF is the cash that is left after a company has paid for its Operating Expenses and CAPEX.

Many investors (myself included) consider this to be a superior way to calculate a company’s actual profitability.
Section 3 is Cash Flows From Financing Activities.

This measures the cash movements between a company and its owners (shareholders) and its creditors (bondholders).
Common categories:

▪️Debt: Cash gained/lost from borrowing/repaying debt
▪️Stock: Cash gained/lost from issuing/repurchasing stock
▪️Dividends: Cash payments to shareholders
The final section shows the total changes in cash balance during the period.

Its shows:
1⃣Sum of Operating Activities + Investing Activities + Financing Activities
2⃣Starting Cash Balance
3⃣Ending Cash Balance
The cash flow statement is complex.

Watching an example is VERY helpful

@brian_stoffel_ and I made a YouTube video about the cash flow statement that uses $NFLX as an example

Watch it here: https://t.co/VdpwQq7SYu
Enjoy this thread?

Follow me @BrianFeroldi

I regularly tweet about money, investing, and personal growth
Want to learn how to invest?

Subscribe to my YouTube channel.

We teach investors how to research stocks & the most important investing lessons we've ever learned.

https://t.co/lWwcb1JdD1
If this thread was helpful, you’ll also enjoy my thread on how to read an income statement

https://t.co/75PRb0EenB
Finally, here’s my thread on how to read a balance sheet

Happy investing!

https://t.co/Fdqn8qPkXr

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2/ The BIG question: Is the thesis on track❓

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The "news" section usually has a link to reports on whether the company beat/met estimates

The "analysis" tab is a good source, but sometimes it updates to the next quarter too quickly
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Accounting is the language of business.

If you buy stocks, you MUST learn how to read a balance sheet.

Here’s everything you need to know:

The balance sheet is one of the 3 major financial statements.

It shows company’s:

▪️Assets: What it owns
▪️Liabilities: What it owes
▪️Shareholders Equity: It's net worth attributable to its owners

At a fixed point in time

That “at a point in time” part is key!

A balance sheet is a SNAPSHOT of a company’s net worth.

It is usually measured at the end of a quarter/year.

That’s different from an income statement or cash flow statement, both of which are measured over periods of time

All balance sheets follow the same formula:

Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders Equity

This formula must be in balance at all times

(Hence the term “balance sheet”)


Side Note:

This formula can be easily re-arranged into the “net worth” formula that you are already familiar with

Assets - Liabilities = Shareholders Equity (Net worth)
BALANCESHEET

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Whilst accountants know how to prepare a BALANCE SHEET… 95% don’t know how to read them.

Interpreting balance sheets is the HARD bit.

So, here are the first 3 things I look for when reading a balance sheet.

Pull up a chair.

Let's go! 👇

When I review a balance sheet, I need a detailed picture of how the business is funded.

I’ll build out a picture under 3 headings;

1. Capital Structure
2. Working Capital Profile
3. Liquidity Headroom

Let's tackle them each in turn

1. Capital Structure.

The capital structure tells you how a business is funded / owned.

Is the business funded by debt or equity? What is the mix?

Who are the investors and what are their motives? And what are the rights and obligations attached to each?

Take each debt or equity instrument in the balance sheet and get clear on the following:

Who owns it?
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What are their rights if things don’t go well?
When does it mature?

I visualize this in a table.

I put the most senior ranking debt at the bottom.

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Amateurs focus on Profits.

Professionals focus on Cash Flow.

Cash Flow Statement 101: 🧵


The cash flow statement shows cash moving in and out of a company over specific time periods.

Since it's Jan right now, the two most common will be:

■ 3 Quarters
■ 1 Year

Below, we can see CrowdStrike's cash flow over the past 9 months. The time frame is at the top $CRWD


There are three key parts to a cash flow statement:

1️⃣ Operating Activities (Running the business)
2️⃣ Investing Activities (Investing in the business)
3️⃣ Financing Activities (Paying for the business)

There's freedom in how it gets reported, but this is the basic structure


Let's specifically look at operating activities

The top line-item is NET INCOME.

You'd think this would represent the money a company puts in the bank at the end of the year.

But that's NOT THE CASE


Net Income backs out NON-CASH charges. The cash flow statement adds them back in.

Including:

■ Depreciation: Value of asset decreasing
■ Amortization: Expensing pre-paid cost
■ Stock-Based Compensation: Paying employees w/ equity
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Ram Bhupatiraju
@RamBhupatiraju
Excellent resource for Individual investors who want to learn about Accounting and Financial Statements.📊

The concepts are really well explained in a simple, understandable manner for beginners.

cc: @dmuthuk @Gautam__Baid

Content available 👇


Some of my fav sections.

1⃣ The Financial

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3⃣ Financial Ratio
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@TechnoFunda6
Thread 🧵explaining #ROE & #ROCE and its use in #FundamentalAnalysis

(Must read for #FA learners)

🙏Like & RT to spread learning with all 🙏

Views Welcome 👉 @dmuthuk @Vivek_Investor @datta_arvind @caniravkaria @FI_InvestIndia @AdityaD_Shah

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1⃣

Return on Equity (#ROE) and Return on Capital Employed (#ROCE) are two important Financial Ratios used in #FundamentalAnalysis of Stocks.

#StockMarket #Investing

2⃣

Return on Equity (ROE) is the ratio of Net Income (Net Profit) of a company and it’s Total Equity (Shareholder's Equity).

Here - Shareholders Equity = Share Capital + Reserves & Surplus.

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3⃣

#ROE is a measure of how much net profit a company is making for every rupee invested by its shareholders in the company.

It can be said that higher the ROE, better it is for the equity shareholders. It tells shareholders about how effectively their money is being used.

4⃣

However, you should not trust high ROE blindly. Biggest drawbacks or weaknesses of ROE is that it completely ignores debt.

Hence for companies having high levels of debt, ROE will give a higher but misleading value & therefore we need to look at #ROCE along with #ROE.
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