Thread 🧵explaining #ROE & #ROCE and its use in #FundamentalAnalysis

(Must read for #FA learners)

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Views Welcome 👉 @dmuthuk @Vivek_Investor @datta_arvind @caniravkaria @FI_InvestIndia @AdityaD_Shah

#FundamentalAnalysis #StockMarket

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Return on Equity (#ROE) and Return on Capital Employed (#ROCE) are two important Financial Ratios used in #FundamentalAnalysis of Stocks.

#StockMarket #Investing

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Return on Equity (ROE) is the ratio of Net Income (Net Profit) of a company and it’s Total Equity (Shareholder's Equity).

Here - Shareholders Equity = Share Capital + Reserves & Surplus.

#StockMarket #Investing #FundamentalAnalysis

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#ROE is a measure of how much net profit a company is making for every rupee invested by its shareholders in the company.

It can be said that higher the ROE, better it is for the equity shareholders. It tells shareholders about how effectively their money is being used.

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However, you should not trust high ROE blindly. Biggest drawbacks or weaknesses of ROE is that it completely ignores debt.

Hence for companies having high levels of debt, ROE will give a higher but misleading value & therefore we need to look at #ROCE along with #ROE.

Thread Threadexplaining #PE Ratio & #PEG Ratio & its use in #FundamentalAnalysis

(Must read for #FA learners)

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Views Welcome👉@dmuthuk @Vivek_Investor @datta_arvind @caniravkaria @FI_InvestIndia

#FundamentalAnalysis #StockMarket

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Price to Earnings (#PE) ratio, also known as price multiple or earnings multiple is the ratio obtained by dividing the current share price by earnings per share (#EPS).

#StockMarket #Investing #FundamentalAnalysis

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P/E ratio is a reflection of the market's opinion of the earnings capacity & future business prospects of a company.

Companies which enjoy high investor confidence & have a higher market standing usually command high P/E ratio.

#StockMarket #Investing #FundamentalAnalysis

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On the face, it would seem that companies with low P/E ratios would offer most attractive investment opportunities. This is not always true.

Companies with high current earnings but dim future prospects often have low P/E ratio.

#StockMarket #Investing #FundamentalAnalysis

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As an #investor your primary concern is with future prospects of a company & not so much with its present performance.

This is why companies with low current earnings but bright future prospects usually command high P/E ratio.

#StockMarket #Investing #FundamentalAnalysis

Q&A 161

Read this 🧵to understand ROE, PE & relationship between them.👇

PE expansion to bridge the Gap (if any) between ROE & PE.

RT if you find this helpful.

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ROE is PE's brother from another mother / Half-brother (Sautela Bhai)

@Atulsingh_asan

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ROE & PE definition continued..

Keep an eye on Equations !

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Establishing Relationship between ROE (profitability) & PE (valuation).

Replace Market Capitalization with Book value in Earnings Yield (or PE) we get ROE.

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Understanding ROE & PE deeper with Dupont Analysis.

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Accounting is the language of business.

If you buy stocks, you MUST learn how to read a Cash Flow Statement.

Here’s everything you need to know:

The cash flow statement shows how cash moves in and out of a company over a period of time.

The most common time periods are:
▪️1 Quarter
▪️1 Year
▪️Year-to-date (usually 6 or 9 months)

The time period is at the top. Here's $NFLX recent cash flow statement time period.

Some companies show the cash flow statement in their earnings press release, but many don’t.

You can find the cash flow statement by looking at:
▪️10-Q (Quarterly Report)
▪️10-K (Annual Report)
▪️Fnancial aggregators such as @theTIKR,
@CMLviz, @themotleyfool, @YahooFinance

There are three main segments to a cash flow statement.

1. Operating Activities
2. Investing Activities
3. Financing Activities

Companies get some leeway with how they breakout each segment, but they all follow this basic structure.

Let’s start with Operating Activities.

This segment STARTS with net income (the bottom number of the Income Statement).

It shows cash movements from all normal operational business activities.

Excellent resource for Individual investors who want to learn about Accounting and Financial Statements.📊

The concepts are really well explained in a simple, understandable manner for beginners.

cc: @dmuthuk @Gautam__Baid

Content available 👇

Some of my fav sections.

1⃣ The Financial

2⃣ Fundamental Accounting

3⃣ Financial Ratio

@vinaytalwar It’s ratio of

Market Cap/10 Year Free Cash Flow

For example

Hikal

Hikal = MCap / FCF~10Y = 5618 / 748 ~= 7.5

What caused all the supply chain bottlenecks? Modern finance with its obsession with "Return on Equity."

To show great ROE almost every CEO stripped their company of all but the bare minimum of assets. Just in time everything. No excess capacity. No strategic reserves. No cash on the balance sheet. Minimal R&D.

We stripped the shock absorbers out of the economy in pursuit of better short term metrics.

Big businesses are supposed to be more stable and resilient than small ones. And economy built around giant corporations like America's should be more resilient to shock. However the obsession with ROE means that no company was prepared for the inevitable hundred year storms.

Now as we're facing a hundred year storm of demand, our infrastructure simply can't keep up.

@unseenvalue #Screened few businesses trading at single digit MCap/CFO.

I made a mistake in above list.
Apologies ! It is accidental discovery of businesses trading at single digit MCap / Cash End of Last Year.

🌟Here is businesses #screened for MCap/CFO.

@Dinesh_Sairam @_CreatingWealth @suru27 But I guess Kovai caters to the lower end of the spectrum so it's impact is much limited and perhaps be a beneficiary.

@10kdiver Ah thank you. Yeah so strange! Maybe Twitter just hates me.

I see a lot of YouTubers treating stock-based compensation as a "non-cash" item they can disregard, but it's essentially a company paying its employees with shareholder money; if they used money from selling shares to cover salaries, you'd see just how real of an expense it is

5 YouTube videos that will make you a better investor:

1/ How to read an income

2/ How to read a balance

3/ How to read a cash flow

4/ How to judge a management

One of the best debates I have seen in recent history between @SunilBSinghania and Saurabh Mukherjea.

TOPIC: Has P/E lost its relevance?

I resonate more with Sunil’s side. Here’s a thread 🧵 on the main points made by him:

@varinder_bansal @safiranand @myvaluepicks

1/ Importance of PE

PE is not the only factor but an important factor.

Ultimately the growth has to justify how much PE are you paying for the company.

There cannot be an unlimited PE multiple based on some xyz parameters.

2/ Hindsight Bias:

In hindsight we can say that from 2001 to 2021, a company grew at 25 % and we should have given a very high PE to it.

But on the day when you buy, you don’t know that the company is going to grow at 25% for the next 20 years.

3/ Millennial preference:

Things have become more competitive.

New generation don’t really care much about legacy.

Convenience and affordability matters more.

The longevity and sustainability of growth has changed dramatically.

4/ Company that require a big investment - There is opportunity to invest big.

Company 1: Mkt Cap of 50 cr
Company 2: Mkt cap of 1 lakh cr

50c r company can become 3x, 1 lakh cr company cannot become 2x.

On absolute basis you end up making 5 cr vs 5k cr in 1lakh cr company.

@Dinesh_Sairam @a_basumallick @ashwinidamani Questions that are only answered with time haha.

@a_basumallick @ashwinidamani Just to add - sustainable FCF is a faraway concept for most till (if) they gain scale or innovate/add value. Till then, it's generally always a struggle to manage WC and capacity addition. Wouldn't expect that to change for a while.

In those days, working capital belonged to the shareholders.

If the employees were no longer useful, you just sacked them all, took the working capital, and stuck it in the owners' pockets.

That was the way capitalism worked

Nowadays, of course, the accounting is not realistic

While Financially Analyzing Businesses (esp Small Leaders), this is THE Order:

- Cash Flow Statement (Focus on Operating Cash)
- Cash Position

- Balance Sheet Strength
- Never Miss Receivables

- P&L

Cash >> Balance Sheet >> Finally P&L

#FI

@Vivek_Investor With an insider's view of the mind of the master, Mary Buffett and David Clark have written a simple guide for reading financial statements from Buffett's successful perspective.

Net Profit vs Cash Flow from operations (CFO) - What is more important?

A short thread with examples

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1. Net income is the profit a company has earned for a period, while cash flow from operations measures the cash going in and out during a company's day-to-day operations i.e., the cash which is generated through its core business.

2. Net income is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold, operating expenses, depreciation & amortization, interest expense and taxes from total revenue.

3. Cash flow from operations is calculated by adding the non-cash expenses such as depreciation and amortization to the net profit and then subtracting the changes in working capital.

Now lets understand few differences between Net Profit and Cash Flow from operations (CFO)

1. Net profit is recorded on an accrual basis whereas CFO deals with only cash items. Income earned is recorded in the net profit even if cash is not received