BC WORLD
Saved by @jay_millerjay

Portugal is famous for its mild climate and sunny beaches, but each year hundreds of people freeze to death and millions struggle to survive frigid winter weather.

Here's a quick thread based on my @POLITICOEurope story on Portuguese energy poverty

 When I lived in Lisbon my friends and I joked that although the Portuguese were famous for melancholia, uncharacteristic (and unrealistic) optimism defined their approach to thermal insulation: homes seemed to be built as if the weather was expected to be perfect year-round.
While the weather is, indeed, really great for most of the year, it can also be really awful sometimes. In the Summer temperatures can shoot up to truly unbearable levels for weeks on end, and in the Winter the icy humidity can easily make you feel like you're freezing 24/7.
This reality is a huge problem precisely because so many Portuguese people live in homes that don't have the capacity to shelter them from the heat when temperatures rise and the cold when they drop. And that means that every year that means people die because of the weather.
This issue can be traced back to the rural exodus that took place during the second half of the XX century, when millions fled the interior to seek better futures either outside the country — immigrating to France, Germany and Luxembourg — or in cities like Lisbon and Porto.
Prior to that period, Salazar's Estado Novo dictatorship had attempted to come up with a robust, iconic style for the regime — the "Estilo Português Suave," which mixed elements of classic Portuguese architecture with art deco simplicity — and a somewhat orderly plan...
...to expand the country's major cities. Urban planners and architects like Duarte Pacheco, João Faria da Costa, Paulino Montez and others led on urban housing projects that were actually quite progressive for the period...
...and a source of national pride.

'The Crown' fans will recall Queen Elizabeth's visit to Lisbon in S02E03; when the real event took place Portuguese authorities took her to see the Restelo housing estate, which they showed off as a symbol of modernity.
https://t.co/rzU3zjwA5W
The problem, of course, was that even in the best of times the Estado Novo's public housing problems couldn't keep up with demand, and there was no shortage of native-born city dwellers living packed together in less than ideal conditions.
The arrival of thousands of people from the rural interior in the 1960s, and the return of additional thousands from the former colonies in Africa after the Portuguese empire collapsed in 1974, made that situation much, much worse.
As a result, the pressure to build, build, at any cost build went through the roof, and projects of all sorts were greenlit without any particular attention to technical or aesthetic criteria, making for a pretty dramatic break with what had been attempted before.
Because the creation of new housing stock was considered to be the priority, Portugal effectively avoided creating any requirements that might limit that growth, and as a result the country didn't get around to establishing minimal thermal requirements for buildings until 1990.
So to this day, an immense number of Portuguese folk live in homes that were built haphazardly without any sort of proper defense against the elements. It's little surprise that nearly one-fifth of Portugal's 10 million citizens admit to being unable to keep their homes warm.
That misery is made worse by Portugal's high electricity prices and very low average monthly salaries. @JoaoPGouveia, lead researcher at Nova University Lisbon's Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, told me warmth is a luxury many Portuguese simply can't afford.
Brussels has set its sights on improving the lives of the 34 million Europeans who can't afford to adequately heat their homes through a number of initiatives including its Renovation Wave Strategy, which features measures aimed at tackling energy poverty.
In Portugal, PM António Costa's government has also rolled out schemes that discount the low-income resident's energy bills, and Energy Secretary @Joaogalamba recently announced plans to invest €300 million a year in boosting building insulation throughout the country.
But is that enough to make a difference?

Experts I spoke to said no, pointing out that most citizens don't have the money to take advantage of schemes that require beneficiaries to put at least some cash up needed to fund costly renovations.
Many expressed concerns that that aid would mainly be accessible to speculators who revamp buildings in order to turn them into luxury apartments or AirBnb's, deepening the divide between locals surviving in miserable conditions and foreigners living the high life in Portugal.
The experts I spoke to coincided in saying that, moving forward, attention needed to be paid so as to ensure that the homes being built now are energy efficient. To that end, many could actually ensure a more sustainable future by looking to Portugal's architecture heritage.
For centuries the Portuguese figured out natural ways to adapt to the weather. Just in the Alentejo you find improvised "sustainable" urban planning solutions like the ones in Évora, where the narrow streets protect residents from winter winds and harsh summer suns.
Likewise, the homes in that region are traditionally low, with thick walls and small windows to keep in the heat in the winter and keep the interior cool in the summer.
No one is suggesting that all the buildings that went up from 1960 to 1990 be torn down and replaced with traditional regional houses, but it's clear that the empirical knowledge gathered by generations of regional builders was largely ignored during the past decades.
Those past methods for dealing with the territory and clime can be useful as the country takes on the gargantuan mission of guaranteeing its citizens' basic living conditions in the future.

Good afternoon.

https://t.co/zTx21Yrr3M

More from World

Shahin-ur Rahman
Shahin-ur Rahman
@ShahinRahmanUK
[Thread]What makes a hadith authentic? The basics of #HadithLiteracy

Five criteria must be met for a hadith to be classed as authentic.
1. Morally upright narrators
2. Precision in transmission
3. Connected chain
4. Free from inconsistencies with other reports
5. Solitary reports must be free from reasons for suspicion

The first three of these deal with internal defects. The remaining two deal with external (or ‘hidden’) defects. The objective of these criteria is to ensure there be no chance of forgeries and to mitigate against the likelihood of errors in reports.

1) All narrators must be morally upright and known for their honesty. This is to eliminate all chances of deliberate lies in the name of the Prophet ﷺ. A morally upright Muslim would never lie about Allah and His Messenger ﷺ.

2) Precision in transmission is likewise necessary to mitigate against unintended mistakes. An upright narrator with weak memory, for instance, might not consciously lie but is nonetheless prone to erring when conveying a report.
WORLD
A.W Kakar
A.W Kakar
@awsanzar
THREAD.

In analysing the Afghan political spectrum something becomes obvious: Kabul's base is far more diverse than the Taliban's. For simplicity's sake, I'll count stronger opposition toward the Taliban than Kabul as 'pro Kabul'.

Let's assess these generally. Exceptions apply.

A diverse base isn't necessarily, however, a good thing. Appealing to everyone ensures you appeal to no one, or that your support base is so fractured that it actually becomes a liability. Think of Clinton losing the Democrat majority in Congress being a blessing in disguise.

Some pro-Kabul groupings:

1) ethnonationalists of all ethnicities. Whilst the non-Pashtuns amongst them aren't pro-Ghani, they're pro-Kabul as an institution; they see it as far more representative and amenable to their interests than the Taliban.

Some Pashtun nationalists do support the Taliban (majority Pashtun) but these are a minority. The biggest blemishes on the Taliban's Pashtun credentials:

a) The Taliban/Pakistan relationship
b) their overt Islam, which many Pashtun nationalists are hostile toward.

2) The enlightened 'roshan-fikr' demographic

Liberals/seculars. Not much intro needed: progress, freedom, spectacular gains of the last 19 years, women's rights et cetera. You generally notice quite an anti-Islam, wholesale adoption of War on Terror rhetoric in their rationale.
WORLD
Advertisement
Defense News Nigeria
Defense News Nigeria
@DefenseNigeria
Once again the nighmarish scenario of the Nigerian military not only decimating Boko Haram, but going after ISWAP in the Lake Chad basin has triggered the same sort of activities that preceded the March/April 2020 false flag Maskirovska.


In the early months of 2020 the Nigerian Army recorded unexpectedly significant gains against Boko Haram insurgents. Remember this was the period Boko Haram insurgents were surrendering to the Nigerian army by the hundreds. Who remembers the audio tape of Abubakar Shekau

...weeping to Allah/God for intervention. This was the first time Field artillery troops coordinated with the NAF for round the clock air and artillery bombardment. This affected the morale of BHTs who have never experienced this level of firepower and began surrendering en mass

Things got so bad Shekau sent assassination squads to go after BHT commanders surrendering. This did nothing to deter the exodus of frightened fighters. The army was having a hard time processing the hundreds surrendering. A BHT commander surrendered with his wife and children.

What happened next? Boko Haram supposedly attacked a Chadian Army base, a few kilometres from U.S and French military bases for NINE straight hours. Killed 100 Chadian troops and escaped on canoes with caches of weapon. Think about it. For nine hours the vaunted Chadian army
WORLD
taporth\u012bya
taporthīya
@taporthIya
These moρlahs, guided by the bigot Alι Mµsαlιαr did not fight against any oppression, Britishers or landlords. The moρlah rebellion is a vιolent vehιcle of jιhαδ. Its sole purpose: to mαssαcre Hindu-s, convert them to ιslαm and establish M sovereignty.
⋮


Tyrant Tιρµ was largely responsible for the forced conversions in Kerala. He surrounded homes of the H and forced them to convert to ιslαm, consume bεεf and be circµmcised.


Fleeing persecution from the rogue, many H fled to Tiruvanantapuram. There too, common M would now and then be enraged and wage jιhαδ on the helpless Hindu-s. The forcible conversions and desecration of our temples were the norm of the day.
⋮


T L Strange, a special commisioner of the Malabar region was appointed to enquire into the reasons for the outrages. He filed a report "Malabar Manual" in 1852 where he firmly says that the reason for the 'uprising' was M rεligιous fαnatιcism —
⋮


Moplah outrages on H was a regular occurrence in Kerala as we will show below. The most gruesome one in 1921 is what is famously referred to as such nowadays. In the aftermath of 1921, a special tribunal of 3 judges convened in Calicut.
⋮
WORLD
Hnin Zaw
Hnin Zaw
@hninyadanazaw
THREAD: After seeing some twitter users raising their concerns, it’s time for some additional explanatory information and points regarding Myanmar military that might come in handy in a few days. [1]
#WhatsHappeninglnMyanmar

Along with saddening incidents in Mandalay this afternoon, allow me to recall past brutal atrocities conducted by armed forces and the generals who have been ruling the country for decades. [2]

During 1988 uprisings where huge demonstrations led by students and then followed quickly by hundreds of thousands of monks, children, doctors and common people against the military government, which led to the general strikes across the country. [3]

And later brutal crackdowns followed and thousands of deaths have been attributed to the military during the uprising.
Yes. Same military of today. The authorities back then put the figures only around 350 ppl killed. [4]


During 2007 uprising/saffron revolution,
the people got fed up with military gov and started a campaign of peaceful resistance led by Buddhist monks, later many arrested/detained, many brutally tortured in custody. Myanmar ppl still hold high respect for saffron rev monks [6]
WORLD

You May Also Like

katya adler
katya adler
@BBCkatyaadler
Again, at such a key moment in UK and at such high political levels, evidence of deep misunderstanding of EU: The PM is under pressure in some quarters to delay #Brexit vote to allow her first to “improve” deal in Brussels BUT EU is determined not to budge at this stage

2) All EU leaders watching tomorrow’s vote. Of course they want to avoid a no deal #Brexit BUT they feel the deal - so painfully negotiated between EU and UK - is too fresh to re-open. Clarifications, yes but fundamental renegotiations, no.

3) The EU’s international reputation as a tough deal-maker is at stake here too. If Brussels now suddenly “gives in” to U.K. on EU red lines (eg backstop) then that would weaken the EU’s reputation in future trade negotiations with other non EU countries

4) Also on backstop the EU is unlikely to cave in to favour a relationship with a leaving member state (UK) against the explicit wishes and ignoring the deep concerns of a continuing member: Ireland.

5) Both the EU and the PM signed up to a guarantee to protect the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. If either the U.K. or EU can leave the backstop unilaterally then this clearly is no longer a guarantee.
POLITICS
Amit Schandillia
Amit Schandillia
@Schandillia
[THREAD: HISTORY OF THE HINDU TEMPLE]
1/102
Four hours south of Aswan in Lower Nubia, right by the Nile, is a region dotted with temple complexes built more than 3,000 years ago. Some like the temples of Amada, Derr, and Beit el-Wali go as far back as 1500 BC.


2/102
A little further south, not far from the border with Sudan, is another complex dedicated to Ramses II, Hathor, and Nefertari in the village of Ipsambul, better known locally as Abu Sunbul and internationally as Abu Simbel. These go back to the 13th century BC.


3/102
Djeser-Djeseru, also known as the mortuary temple of Hatshepsut in Upper Egypt also dates to 1400 BC. Over 500 years older is the nearby Mentuhotep II, also a mortuary temple. Both were dedicated to the cult of Amun Ra, besides their respective pharaohs.


4/102
Far older is the Ġgantija complex of Malta. Going as far back as 3600 BC, this one comprises of two temples entirely made of stone and enclosed in a stone wall. From the figures therein, it's understood to be a site of some kind of a fertility cult worship.


5/102
Dating from the same period are the limestone megaliths of Ħaġar Qim and Mnajdra, both said to have once hosted ritualistic sacrifices as part of the same fertility cult worship as found in the Ġgantija complex. Malta has some of the oldest temple complexes in Europe.
RELIGION
Advertisement
Vibhu Vashisth \U0001f1ee\U0001f1f3
Vibhu Vashisth 🇮🇳...
@VIBHU_Tweet
MAHARAJA CHHATRASAL BUNDELA was the great Bundela King who revolted against the Mughal ruler Aurangzeb.
Chhatrasal Bundela was born in year 1649 CE in Maur Hill of Bundela region to Champat Rai and Lal Kunwar. He was the descendent of Rudra Pratap of Orchha.


His ancesters were the vassals of Mughal Emperor. He drew inspiration from his father and revolted against the alien rule of Mughals. He was just 12 yrs old when his parents died in fight against the Mughal Army of Aurangzeb in 1661.

When his beloved father attained martyrdom in the year 166, the young Chatrasal was present in the last battle of his father against the Mughal and from these valiant campaigns,..

..he gathered the courage to free Bundelkhand from Aurangzeb’s rule.
He joined the Mughals initially, and was recommended by the Rajput King Mirza Jai Singh to be recruited in the Mughal Army in order to support their Deccan Campaigns.


But serving the alien rule of Mughals which brought chaos and misery to Bundelkhand was unacceptable for Chatrasal Bundela and his father’s incessant struggle against the Mughals kept the fire of independent Bundelkhand alive in his heart.
ALL
\u0938\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u092f\u0947
सा विद्या या विमुक्तये...
@raghav_aanya
#ज्योतिष_विज्ञान #मंत्र_विज्ञान

ज्योतिषाचार्य अक्सर ग्रहों के दुष्प्रभाव के समाधान के लिए मंत्र जप, अनुष्ठान इत्यादि बताते हैं।

व्यक्ति के जन्म के समय ग्रहों की स्थिति ही उसकी कुंडली बन जाती है जैसे कि फ़ोटो खींच लिया हो और एडिट करना सम्भव नही है। इसे ही "लग्न" कुंडली कहते हैं।


लग्न के समय ग्रहों की इस स्थिति से ही जीवन भर आपको किस ग्रह की ऊर्जा कैसे प्रभावित करेगी का निर्धारिण होता है। साथ साथ दशाएँ, गोचर इत्यादि चलते हैं पर लग्न कुंडली का रोल सबसे महत्वपूर्ण है।


पृथ्वी से अरबों खरबों दूर ये ग्रह अपनी ऊर्जा से पृथ्वी/व्यक्ति को प्रभावित करते हैं जैसे हमारे सबसे निकट ग्रह चंद्रमा जोकि जल का कारक है पृथ्वी और शरीर के जलतत्व पर पूर्ण प्रभाव रखता है।
पूर्णिमा में उछाल मारता समुद्र का जल इसकी ऊर्जा के प्रभाव को दिखाता है।


अमावस्या में ऊर्जा का स्तर कम होने पर वही समुद्र शांत होकर पीछे चला जाता है। जिसे ज्वार-भाटा कहते हैं। इसी तरह अन्य ग्रहों की ऊर्जा के प्रभाव होते हैं जिन्हें यहां समझाना संभव नहीं।
चंद्रमा की ये ऊर्जा शरीर को (अगर खराब है) water retention, बैचेनी, नींद न आना आदि लक्षण दिखाती है


मंत्र क्या हैं-
मंत्र इन ऊर्जाओं के सटीक प्रयोग करने के पासवर्ड हैं। जिनके जप से संबंधित ग्रह की ऊर्जा को जातक की ऊर्जा से कनेक्ट करके उन ग्रहों के दुष्प्रभाव को कम किया और शुभ प्रभाव को बढ़ाया जाता है।
ALL
Gal Gur \U0001f1ee\U0001f1f1
Gal Gur 🇮🇱...
@GalGur_
1/
Hello, my name is Gal,
I am an Israeli citizen, and I want to convey this urgent message to the world: Contrary to what you are told, Israel has not "returned to normal" in any way >>

2/ Moreover, despite the desire to create a setting as if there was a full and normal routine here - the Israeli Ministry of Health JUST RECOMMENDED TODAY TO EXTENT THE DECLARATION OF A “STATE OF EMERGENCY” in Israel >>

3/ to which is the foundation for coercion, violation of basic rights, severe discrimination under a "green mark (pass)", prolonged closure (Of about 5 months overall) and a lot of undemocratic and not “routine" restrictions. >

4/ If the situation in Israel had "returned to routine thanks to the astounding success of vaccines" then the "state of emergency" would not have continued.

5/ In fact, since the beginning of the "vaccination project" there has been only more intimidation and in many ways - even though the closure has been lifted, much more coercion.
TYRANNY