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It's another stunning Malagasy #dartfrog/#poisonfrog for today's #FrogOfTheDay, #42 Mantella cowani Boulenger, 1882! A highly threatened, actively conserved and managed frog from the highlands of central #Madagascar
#MadagascarFrogs
📸D.Edmonds/CalPhotos

 This thread will cover only a tiny fraction of the work on Mantella cowanii because, being so charismatic and threatened, it has received quite a bit of attention.
#MadagascarFrogs
We start at the very beginning: the first specimens, two females, were collected by Reverend Deans Cowan in East Betsileo, Madagascar, and sent to London, where George Albert Boulenger described the species in 1882.
#MadagascarFrogs
Boulenger placed the species in his new genus, Mantella, along with ebenaui, betsileo, and madagascariensis. He recognised that the other Malagasy poison frogs were distinct from the Dendrobates of the Americas, although he did keep them in the Dendrobatidae.
#MadagascarFrogs
As more specimens were collected, it became clear that the species was highly variable. In 1978, Jean Guibé wrote with interest about this variability, describing a new subspecies, M. cowani nigricans—today a full species. #MadagascarFrogs
https://t.co/dwaHMbrYbj
Although Guibé was wrong about the affinities of those two species, it is true that there is astounding variability of colour in this (and other) Mantella species, and that they evidently hybridise with other species.
#MadagascarFrogs
📸B.Freiermuth/CalPhotos
Little was known about Mantella cowanii in the wild until the 1990s. By 1999, when Miguel Vences et al. published a revision of Mantella, it was known from a few different locations, but populations between it and M. baroni posed challenges to identification.
#MadagascarFrogs
These frogs occur in bizarre habitat in central Madagascar, often with wet, exposed rocks interspersed with low bushes.
📸Mantella cowanii Action Plan, 2021–2025 (on which more below)
The first (?) DNA-based phylogeny came out in 2002, confirming close affinity with M. baroni and M. nigricans, and showing that Malagasy poison frogs may have Müllerian mimicry generating repeated colour pattern evolution. https://t.co/4qqzbiiAev
#MadagascarFrogs
The hybridisation of M. cowanii with M. baroni received a lot of interest, in part because the species are generally morphologically and ecologically distinct.
https://t.co/VMFGZ7tP0Y
https://t.co/9uFZ7KBRzZ
International interest has always been strong in the beautiful #Mantella #frogs, so M. cowanii were targeted for the pet trade. Between 1988 and 2003, some 12,877 individuals were reportedly exported from Madagascar.
https://t.co/gJXip5xMTv
#MadagascarFrogs
In 2005, @CITES imposed a zero quota on M. cowanii, effectively banning export. For a species known from only a few locations in threatened habitat, and low fecundity (Tessa et al., see link), harvesting at these rates was unsustainable.
#MadagascarFrogs
https://t.co/SAON3F2VqF
Until 2014, Mantella cowanii was listed as Critically Endangered, but it was then downgraded to Endangered. Apparently the population declines seen until 2003 were halted by the cessation of trade. https://t.co/2rS29qFNQT
#MadagascarFrogs
Nevertheless, Mantella cowanii is heavily threatened. Representatives of @ASG_IUCN @Voakajy @amphibiansorg @chesterzoo and other organisations are actively involved in its conservation. A new action plan for 2021–2025 was just released.
#MadagascarFrogs
https://t.co/ozm89CMSSR
As I understand it, captive populations of Mantella cowanii are being maintained. So, if extirpated, it might be possible to reintroduce this frog, as long as habitat remains available. So there is hope for the 'harlequin' mantella!
#MadagascarFrogs

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agamshastra
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Some 1300 years ago in Karnataka there lived a genius who wrote "Gaṇitasārasan̄graha" (which is earliest text devoted entirely to mathematics)

The man who's work later borrowed by Arabs & Europeans

Thread on "Mahāvīracharya" astounding but forgotten legacy


Mahāvirachārya was patronised by rashtrakuta king amoghavarasha

His book"Gaṇita-sāra-saṅgraha"is earliest text devoted entirely to Mathematics

He has described the currently used method of calculating(LCM)of given numbers.The same method was used in Europe later in1500CE

Mahavira wrote "Gaṇita-sāra-saṅgraha" (GSS) in 8th century CE which contains some 1100 slokās & contains elementary topics in arithmetic , algebra , geometry , measurements , logic , number theory , dynamical systems etc

A sheer mathematical genius


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"संख्याज्ञानप्रदिपेन जैनेंद्रन महत्वेशा,
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The importance & popularity of "Gaṇita-sāra-saṅgraha"was so huge that it enjoyed statues of most important textbook of mathematics in South Indian for over 3 centuries

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"Gaṇita-sāra-saṅgraha"whr discovered in Kerala shows it's popularity
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2) We are seeing this with regard to the COVID virus, where a range of denial is being promoted, ranging from absolute denial the virus exists, to different levels of denial, such as only some people are vulnerable to the virus, to facilitate business as usual.

3) For a long time, to promote business as usual, vested interests have been promoting the denial of the climate and ecological crisis through propaganda. The aim being to create a large enough body of public denial to prevent action which can change anything.

4) We have seen similar patterns over a long time, such as when tobacco companies promoted denial of the emerging scientific evidence of how harmful and addictive tobacco smoking was. This further denial uses exactly the same methods.

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Josh Gabbatiss
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I took a look at Shell's first ever 1.5C scenario and found that it is... remarkably similar to its “well-below 2C” scenario.

Oil, gas, coal, solar.... all basically unchanged.

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Including "nature-based solutions" in the outlook brings forward the date for net-zero emissions to 2058.

Without them their pathway for CO2 emissions is the same as the previous one.

(It's also towards the higher end of 1.5C emissions pathways.)


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Fine, but who is going to plant all those trees? Well... Shell says it will plant some of them.

Only yesterday Shell said forests were a key part of its net-zero strategy.

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https://t.co/RaJm7tOHxb


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Mitesh Patel
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Again sharing bank nifty intraday weekly straddle. How to play by selling straddle.
Mostly will work on Monday to Wednesday. Sometimes on Friday.
Why to pay your money to learn this if u can get it here.
U need only practice.
Let’s go.

Say bank nifty future is at 32000.
Sell both 32000 call and put.
Considering current volatile market lest say premium on Monday morning is 350 on both sides.
Sold with 700 points combine premium.
If bank nifty will trade in narrow range say +\- 100 hold it.
If moving 200 points

then exit previous sold straddle. Sell new one. Let’s say BN moved +200
Now sell 32200. If bank nifty will move here within range then u will get profit through theta decay. Follow same procedure for next 150-200 pts move.

This is only for single straddle sell position.

Now in second case sell three straddle. 31900/32000/32100
In case of 100 points move no need to change.
If 200 + then future is 32200.
Exit 31900 and sell 31200 straddle.
If moving another 100 then exit 32000 and sell 32300. Continue same with 100 points move.
If no move then

it will consolidate between 32000-32200 or 32100 to 32300 and u will get theta decay.

This is for normal move. Sudden big move may come anytime. So keep SL in system.
If u r selling at 350-350 then keep SL in system 475 for both legs.
Practice it. No need to attend webinar.
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Anu Satheesh \U0001f1ee\U0001f1f3
Anu Satheesh 🇮🇳...
@AnuSatheesh5
Neyyattinkara Krishna Kshetram
#Thiruvananthapuram
#KeralaTemples 🚩

Neyyattinkara Krishna Kshetram is considered as the Guruvayur of Trivandrum. Thrikkayyil Venna (butter) is main offering to Neyyattinkara Unnikannan. Kshetram is supposed to be built by Marthanda Varma.


Sthala Puranam says that, Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma was surrounded by his enemies, Ettuveettil Pillamar, while he was near the place where Temple is situated now. The king prayed to Padmanabhaswamy to protect him.  At that time, a small boy was seen there and he


advised the king to hide himself inside the hollow trunk of a jack fruit tree. The king was surprised to find a small boy in the forest, but agreed to the advice
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Hare Krishna
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