You're hearing a lot of talk about "irregularities" in the election of 1876 that led to a "disputed" outcome. What is being referred to in this hazy terms?

Across the state of South Carolina, white conservatives had used terror and massacre to deter former slaves from voting in 1876. Here's the story of an attack upon the small town of Hamburg in July

Hundreds of black South Carolinians were killed by white conservative militias. Blacks fought back in many places, but they were out-gunned.

The killings were not spontaneous outbursts. They were part of planned campaign of anti-black voter

Some of the elements of the conservative plan to suppress black votes in South Carolina in 1876 sound queasily familiar in our own time, adjusting for the antique language and technology.

But back of it all was terror and violence, more violence than could be contained by the limited federal forces in the area - who were anyway constrained by the white conservative Democratic House majority elected in 1874.

I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.

Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree

came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.

But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later,

the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still

languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition.

In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent

words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty,

A HUGE thread of Bill Bernbach’s incredible advertising wisdom.

Bill Bernbach is the father of modern advertising. Much of the current structure of the ad industry and the values we try to instill in our work were greatly influenced by him. Most of us wouldn’t be here if not for Bernbach.

1) “I warn you against believing that advertising is a science.”

2) “We don’t do just snob ads, we don’t do just short copy ads, or just long copy ads, or any particular style. If you want to know what makes DDB ads, it is a fresh and original idea that conveys the advantage of the product memorably. We have no formula.”

3) “No matter how skilful you are, you can’t invent a product advantage that doesn’t exist. And if you do, and it’s just a gimmick, it’s going to fall apart anyway.”

Okay, do y'all know what "Home Children" are? 🙋‍♂️

I'm a 🇨🇦 history nerd, and literally had no idea what this was until this morning.

It turns out it's a weird and twisted part of history, 🇨🇦 plays an active role in hiding.

🧵👇

2/ Basically if you were an orphan in the UK or commonwealth, you were rounded up and used as a slave.

This also happened to poor families that were tricked into giving up their kids "temporarily" into better care, only to come back and find out their kids were gone.

3/ Eventually there was too many kids, so they decided they would export them.

"Parents" in countries like Canada would go to homes, pay an "adoption fee," and get kids under indentured contracts.

4/ Indentured contracts are when someone is forced to work, beaten, and often compensated with a minor wage withheld until they complete the job.

It's slavery. Except owners also have incentive to work the person to death before the contract was up, so they don't have to pay.

5/ Anyway, so Canada brought in over 100,000 of these kids to work on farms, factories, etc. This happened until 1948.

These adoption agencies were also pioneers in customer service. You could return the kid at anytime as well.

Coincidentally also avoiding paying the kid money.

THREAD: TAJ MAHAL REAL HISTORY
In this Thread, I will prove with facts and arguments that Taj Mahal wasn't built by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan
Read it carefully and propagate the information

1) The biggest proof of Shahjahan’s taking this building from another rather than building it himself is
found in Shahjahan’s own official chronicle, Badshahnama (Bibliotheca Indica series of the Asiatic Society of Bengal publication, page 403, Volume I).

Therein he admits that the TajMahal is Raja Mansingh’s mansion which, when taken over for Mumtaz’s burial. This is an obvious proof that the current history of the Taj Mahal as we know it, that it was built by Shahjahan for his wife, is completely false.

2) Had Shahjahan really conceived and built the Taj himself, description of its construction must had to be mentioned in the official chronicle. Such an event would not have been forgotten by anyone.
Furthermore, if a stupendous monument like the Taj is built, there certainty

would be a burial date that would not go unrecorded. However, the burial date is not only unrecorded, but the date of the time in which Mumtaz must have been buried in the Taj varies from six months to nine years of her death!!

1) The Great Wall of China. What would you say if I told you Genghis Khan was/is a Dark Actor in this game.
So then...who really built the Great Wall of China?
Is there ANYTHING we haven't been lied to about?
Let's move on to some evidence!

2) MIND BLOWING FOR SURE!

3) What part of "society has taught you nothing but lies" did you not understand?

4) Look at this pic. The left side is China. The right side is Russia. See the gun slits? That is where the (haha) Chinese were to shoot from at, uh, China? LMFAO!!!

5) The only real proof needed is to look at the "gun slits" on the wall and SEE which way they're facing. DIABOLICAL!!!

I LOVE THIS PLAGAMO!!!

*THREAD *
Long before Apple & Google, there were the Siemens brothers

Engineering geniuses from Berlin who, in 1863 moved to London & launched one of the most innovative factories in the world

A miniature Silicone Valley in Charlton

Changing the world

One invention at a time

In 1874 this factory produced thousands of miles of cable.

Using their own cable laying ship, the CS Faraday, they connected the world by laying transatlantic cables

On her maiden voyage, the CS Faraday braves storms and icebergs in order to connect Ireland with New Hampshire.

She went on to lay eight transatlantic cables which is more than any other ship before or since

Michael Faraday was a close friend of the brothers. He'd discovered the principles of electro magnetism in 1830, but it was the Siemens Brothers who allowed for electricity to become economically feasible

Made in Charlton, high voltage cables helped electricity spread like fire

In 1881 in Godalming, Surrey, the first electric street lighting was switched on.

The factory in Charlton manufactured the arc lamps that soon lit factories, public buildings, streets and city squares.

Factory workers produced half a million bulbs every single month

An interview with @CondoleezzaRice appeared on the @HooverInst website yesterday. She had some things to say about historians. A thread, beginning with a direct quote 1/

#twitterstorians @AHAhistorians @SocHistTech

"Let's start by really bringing the best young historians of China and India. History is being practiced in the academy in a way that's not really very inspiring. History departments ask much narrower questions than in years past.... 2/

... When I was a young faculty member, I remember sitting at a first faculty meeting with Gabriel Allman, author of The Civic Culture, and Seymour Martin Lipset, who had written the Political Man. These were historians who explored big questions."
& now for some fact-checking 3/

Gabriel Almond (NOT Allman) was a political scientist, not a historian. He chaired the Stanford Political Science department from 1964 to 1969, and retired in 1976. Rice received her PhD in 1981 from the Univ. of Denver, and joined the Stanford faculty later that year. 4/

My historian’s mind sees a chronology snag, but I suppose it’s not impossible that emeritus profs attended faculty meetings back then. ?? Seymour Lipset was a sociologist AND a political scientist; again, not a historian. 5/

A brief overview of the history of personality disorders - a thread. 1/23

The history of personality disorders can be traced to 400BC, when Hippocrates described four personality patterns. These were choleric (irritable), melancholic (sad), sanguine (optimistic) and phlegmatic (apathetic). He believed these patterns were based on the four humors. 2/23

The four humors were black bile, yellow bile, blood and phlegm. Hippocrates believed that a person's personality pattern depending on the level of each of these humors. 3/23

Theories of disordered personality can also be traced back to ancient Chinese and Greek philosophy. Theophrastus (c 371 - c 287 BC) described 30 character types. For example, 'The Suspicious Man' has obvious links with today's paranoid personality disorder. 4/23

The category "Manie sans delire" (meaning mania without delusion) coined by Pinel in the 18th century appears to describe for the first time what is now known as a PD. He described a set of patients who he thought to behave irrationally despite being in touch with reality. 5/23

I have loaded the vibe trebuchet and launched into the world a large number of bublasuars, Ivysaurs, and Venusaurs. The reason for this is not clear to me. Although I do have reasons for having done so...

Sometimes our artistic nature allows us to intuit what is coming prior to the even showing up. It is sometimes the case that there is something inside us, something deep, that only comes out by way of expression and art.

It is not always symbolic.

So the bulbasaurs are not symbolic of some ideas, they are something I felt the need to express, so I did. As odd as it sounds, like a sad person plays a song, or a happy person does a dance, I am contemplating the current social and political milieu so I tweeted bulbasaurs.

I have been tweeting less threads, with less regularity, because there has been a shift in the social and political milieu and I am still attempting to apprehend it. I have not nailed it down exactly, as the shift is subtle, but it is there and has been since the start of October

I don't mean to be cryptic, but there has been a change and I do not fully understand it yet. Woke ideology (AKA critical social justice) has not changed, it is still postmodern and it still uses critical theory, but something else has changed. There is a shift in the air...

The post-insurrection testimony of William Pitt Kellogg has been haunting me lately. He survived several coups as governor of LA during Reconstruction & gave a sobering assessment of their causes.

He testified that Reconstruction had been manageable until "the race-issue was there placed in the foreground" by white conservatives.

White conservatives abandoned all other policy issues & "appealed editorially to white men to employ white labor for political reasons."

Their goal in this was to radicalize white workers—to ensure that they had a vested financial interest in attacking & murdering leftist politicians friendly to racial equality.

In practice, it also meant firing Black workers so that they & their families would starve to death.

To summarize, you have a conservative "white man's party" that's overtly abt killing their political opponents to create more white jobs.

Some achievements of Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyyā al-Rāzī in the field of medicine.

Al-Razi was one of the world's first great medical experts. He is considered the father of psychology and psychotherapy

Short thread.

This remarkable embroidered tent from 19th-century Iran, now in the Cleveland Museum of Art, has been popping up on social media quite a bit over the last few days, so I thought I'd do a thread on it to brighten the twitter feeds this weekend...

It was made for Muhammad Shah, the second ruler of Iran's Qajar dynasty, who reigned from the death of his grandfather, Fath-ʿAli Shah, in 1834, until his own death in 1848.

We know it was made for Muhammad Shah as it bears his name, with the title 'Sultan-i Ghazi'. It also has a second inscription, which has been interpreted in a number of ways, but is likely to give the name of the maker, Fath-ʿAli.

The technique is known as rashti-duzi (Rasht embroidery), named for the city in the NW of Iran where is it used. Rashti-duzi most often consists of chainstitch in silk, done with a hooked needle, and applique, on (often felted or fulled) wool. Details from two V&A pieces here:

It was not only tents that were made using the technique, but all sorts of items, including saddle cloths & even portraits. The 2nd one here depicts Muhammad Shah's successor, Nasir al-Din Shah, which I photographed when it was on display at Louvre Lens. (The other is V&A).

SOYLENT GREEN
Soylent Green is a 1973 American ecological dystopian thriller film depicting a future of dying oceans and year-round humidity due to the greenhouse effect, resulting in suffering from pollution, poverty, overpopulation, euthanasia and depleted resources.

December 7th #History #FightLikeAFlynn
43 BC Marcus Tullius Cicero, Roman orator and politician is assassinated in Formiae
185 Emperor Lo-Yang, China sees supernova (MSH15-52)
1354 Margaretha van Bavarian's son earl Willem V signs peace treaty

Today in Irish History, November 28 1920 – The Kilmichael ambush – #Kilmichael100 Tom Barry's IRA column wiped out a patrol of Auxiliaries. A vicious close quarter fight ad this article discusses. https://t.co/yH6CA2iA6e

(Excuse the typo above!) Tom Barry, beyond the legend, was quite a contradictory character. He was the son of a policeman, who joined the British Army in WWI (when he served in the Royal Artillery in Mesopotamia (Iraq) against the Ottoman Turks.

It was pointed out by @swgannon here yesterday that when he returned to Ireland in 1919, he attempted to join the Imperial Civil Service, but failed the exam. He also attended the first Armistice Day commemorations in Cork in which the Union flag was raised.

But at some point he had a change of heart and approached the local IRA (Cork 3 Batt) to join them. Naturally they, led by Tom Hales at the time, were suspicious of him. But they allowed him in for his military training in order to train their men.

However Hales was arrested and Barry got on better with his replacement Charlie Hurley. Barry was involved in the Toureen ambush in October 1920 but not in command. Kilmichael was his first large action as column leader.

OK Koch heads... bring your hurt.

I’m glad you folks exist as we need people questioning everything.

However, I have found the “virus doesn’t exist” arguments unconvincing.

The virus isn’t the only cause of disease may have some ground.

I remain open to new papers on this.

Set some rules.
This was established in 1884. Watson & Crick discovered DNA structure in 1953.
He did not contemplate unculturable organisms... the vast majority of organisms are not culture-able.

Viruses by definition cannot be cultured. They require a host cell to culture.

This is where the debate gets dirty.

In order to culture the virus you need to find cells/organisms it can infect but not be a pathogen to those cells.

But Koch wants to demonstrate the pathogen creates symptoms of the disease which be counterproductive to culture.

This is like the uncertainty principle.

The cell line/model organism you choose to culture the virus, can’t be extremely affected by the virus or the culture won’t succeed.

Therefore the vector for the disease is unlikely to be the best place to look for the disease symptoms.

As a result we have folks discounting Vero cell (monkey kidney cells) studies for viral isolation.

By this same logic, all animal models are thus insufficient as well.

Any argument that Vero cells are not identical to patients must also reject all animal models.