BC HISTORY
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A brief overview of the history of personality disorders - a thread. 1/23

 The history of personality disorders can be traced to 400BC, when Hippocrates described four personality patterns. These were choleric (irritable), melancholic (sad), sanguine (optimistic) and phlegmatic (apathetic). He believed these patterns were based on the four humors. 2/23
The four humors were black bile, yellow bile, blood and phlegm. Hippocrates believed that a person's personality pattern depending on the level of each of these humors. 3/23
Theories of disordered personality can also be traced back to ancient Chinese and Greek philosophy. Theophrastus (c 371 - c 287 BC) described 30 character types. For example, 'The Suspicious Man' has obvious links with today's paranoid personality disorder. 4/23
The category "Manie sans delire" (meaning mania without delusion) coined by Pinel in the 18th century appears to describe for the first time what is now known as a PD. He described a set of patients who he thought to behave irrationally despite being in touch with reality. 5/23
Pinel identified this group as having normal understanding, judgement, memory, perception, etc, but still presenting with unexplainable anger, violence and homicidal behaviour. He suggested this was caused by a "deficient upbringing" or a "weak and permissive mother". 6/23
The term "moral insanity" has historically been linked with PD's. J.C. Pritchard in 1835 suggested this phrase to mean “a morbid perversion of the natural feelings, affections, inclinations, temper, habits, moral dispositions and natural impulses without any remarkable..." 7/23
"...disorder or defect of the intellect”.

In the late 19th Century, multiple European psychologists wrote about personality. 8/23
Ribot (1839-1916) discussed “normal and abnormal characters”, believing these could not be changed. He believed the strength of the traits sensitivity, activity and apathy led to different character types, for example the “humble character” and “contemplative character”. 9/23
Kraepelin (1856-1926) originally classified “psychopathic personalities” into 4 types (born criminal, irresolute or weak-willed, pathological liar and pseudoquerulants (= paranoid personality). This developed into 7 types, including excitable which links with today’s BPD. 10/23
Kraeplin identified the “emotionally unstable types”, describing this as “those persons who constantly swing back and forth between the two opposite poles of emotion, now shouting with joy to heaven, now grieved to death”. This formed the basis of BPD or EUPD. 11/23
Madusley (1885) linked “moral insanity” to “no capacity for true moral feeling”, “egoistic impulses and desires, to which he yields without check”, and no “evident desire to resist” his motives. Today’s stigma of personality disorders is rooted in historical beliefs. 12/23
Then came Freud and the psychoanalytic approach. Instead of believing faulty personality was innate, he linked it to childhood experiences. He believed difficulties in stages such as the oral-biting stage led to distinctive personality traits. 13/23
In the 1950’s, those with what is now known as personality disorders were not viewed as being mentally ill, but rather this was viewed as being character flaws and purposeful irrational behaviour. Again, we can see where today's stigma stems from. 14/23
The use of the word “Borderline” stems from a group of patients deemed to be at the borderline between illnesses characterised by psychoses (out of touch with reality) and those characterised by neuroses (mainly anxiety from conflict between the ID, Ego and Superego. 15/23
The first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published 1952, officially recognised the category of personality disorders as “patterns of behaviour…resistant to change, but not connected to a lot of anxiety or personal distress on part of the patient”. 16/23
This is vastly different from how we understand them today. 17/23
The DSM II (1968) described PD’s as “characterised by deeply ingrained, maladaptive patterns of behaviour that are perceptibly different in quality from psychotic and neurotic symptoms”. It aimed to “include as many clinically useful personality syndromes as..." 18/23
"...could be justified”, despite research not fully validating these. It specified 10 personality disorders – paranoid, cyclothymic, schizoid, explosive, obsessive compulsive, hysterical, asthenic, antisocial and passive-aggressive. 19/23
The DSM III (1980) defined personality disorders as inflexible, maladaptive and causing significant impairment in functioning or subjective distress. Five new PD’s were added – schizotypal, narcissistic, borderline, avoidant and dependent, as well as mixed PD. 20/23
The definitions and types of personality disorders continued to develop in the fourth and fifth definition of the DSM, to what we have today – paranoid, schizoid, antisocial, borderline, obsessive compulsive, histrionic, schizotypal, narcissistic, avoidant and dependent. 21/23
Our understanding of PD’s is still evolving. It is a controversial diagnosis and highly stigmatised, with much of this stigma being rooted in the historic roots of PD’s. 22/23
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Euthinasia was & still is a misnomer. The "Lethal Chamber" as the called it, was created by Dr. Benjamin Ward Richardson & first emerged out of the victorian era in Britain & first used in Battersea Dogs Home and later opened up for human use in Washington Square.
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Made by NickHintonn 2 apr. 2018

Here’s a thread about The Black Tom explosion: a terrorist attack on American soil and major event in US history. However, no one has heard of it and I believe it’s proof that our timeline may be changing.


On July 30th, 1916, in Jersey City, German agents destroyed American ammunition supplies by setting them on fire. The incident is famous for causing damage to the Statue of Liberty.


The fires caused the ammunition supplies to explode, lodging fragments in buildings miles away including the Statue of Liberty and the clock tower of The Jersey Journal, stopping the clock at 2:12 am.


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#3/thread on Angkor wat

Christianity and islam may be the largest religion of today’s world but Sanatan dharm has the largest religious monument in the world in the form of Angkor wat. It is situated in combodia and spread across over 400 acres / 1.6 km².


It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992, which encouraged an international effort to save the complex.
It was originally built as a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Vishnu. In Khmer, the Cambodian language, Angkor means "city" and Wat means "temple grounds".


So Angkor Wat means "Temple City". Its original name was Vrah Vishnuloka or Parama Vishnuloka, meaning the sacred dwelling of Vishnu in Sanskrit.
But, it gradually turned into a Buddhist temple towards the end of the 12th century & is still used for worship today.


Angkor Wat was initially designed and constructed in the first half of the 12th century, during the reign of Suryavarman II, as the king’s state temple and capital city. It was built without the aid of any machinery, as there was no machinery available at that time.


Evidence for these dates comes in part from inscriptions, which are vague, but also from the architectural design and artistic style of the temple and its associated sculptures.

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Alex
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On this day in 1945 Soviet forces liberated Auschwitz-Birkenau. It was the largest concentration and death camp. 1.1 million people, 90% of them Jews, were murdered there. Today it is an international day of commemoration, to honor the memory of all victims of Nazi extermination.


A few things to keep in mind on International Holocaust Remembrance Day:

1) The Soviet liberation of Auschwitz is a deeply symbolic event, but it is worth noting that allied forces were liberating Nazi camps until May of 1945. Unspeakable suffering and death continued for months

I bring this up because the popular perception of events is informed by primary school practices which present them with clean start and stop dates. Useful for repeating dates, but less useful for having an understanding of what forces you unleash and what it takes to unwind them

When we talk about the lessons of the Holocaust, too many fall into the trap of "if it's not identical to Auschwitz, it's not worth invoking the Holocaust."

The seeds for the Holocaust were laid long before Auschwitz was opened, and the Holocaust continued after its liberation.

2) Every year on this date you can reliably expect a debate on what it is we are commemorating. A small but loud group of people use this date as an opportunity to play suffering olympics. Resist the urge to engage with these fools.
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Act of 1871
This is Long but it will end with a BOOM

With no constitutional authority to do so, Congress created a separate form of government for the District of Columbia, a ten-mile square parcel of land (see, Acts of the Forty-first Congress,”

Section 34, Session III, chapters 61 and 62).
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and neck of America.
Congress cut a deal with the international bankers (specifically Rothschilds of London) to incur a DEBT to said bankers. Because the bankers were not about to lend money to a floundering nation without serious stipulations, they devised a way to get their

foot in the door of the United States.
The Act of 1871 formed a corporation called THE UNITED STATES. The corporation, OWNED by foreign interests, moved in and shoved the original Constitution into a dustbin.

With the Act of 1871, the organic Constitution was defaced — in effect vandalized and sabotage — when the title was capitalized and the word “for” was changed to “of” in the title.
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