No one ever asked the free Africans if they wanted to leave their homeland. They were stolen, shackled, crammed head-to-toe in European slave ships, traded for goods or sold.

There are atleast over a million africans at the bottom of the atlantic oceans.

Thread.

These were not Americans or Brazilians, etc they were yoruba, fulani, Igbos, Mandika men and women who were thrown overboard by european slave traders.
Slaves who dared to speak up to/against their master suffered the punishment of the Iron Mask. During the harvest of sugarcane, the iron masks were used to prevent them from tasting or eating the cane when they were thirsty or hungry.
Neck collars were also placed on them for months to remind them of their wrongdoing if they did any 'wrong'. Collars were thick and heavy and often had protruding spikes that made fieldwork difficult and prevented the wearer from resting at night.
The Iron horns and bells...It was attached to the back of the enslaved african's neck. It was used to prevent them from running away, being a very heavy machine which also made a lot of noise.
"Slave whipping as a Business". People who lived in Richmond would send enslaved africans here for punishment. When any one wanted a slave whipped he would send a note to that effect with the servant to the trader.
This photo of an enslaved african named Peter’s became one of the most widely circulated images of slavery of its time served as a wordless indictment of the institution of slavery.
Leg iron shackles.. they were used to restrain the enslaved and sometimes chained in pairs on board slave ships to limit movement.
The wooden collar.. It was mainly used as a punishment to inflict physical sufferring.
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credit: @AfricanArchives

More from All

How can we use language supervision to learn better visual representations for robotics?

Introducing Voltron: Language-Driven Representation Learning for Robotics!

Paper: https://t.co/gIsRPtSjKz
Models: https://t.co/NOB3cpATYG
Evaluation: https://t.co/aOzQu95J8z

🧵👇(1 / 12)


Videos of humans performing everyday tasks (Something-Something-v2, Ego4D) offer a rich and diverse resource for learning representations for robotic manipulation.

Yet, an underused part of these datasets are the rich, natural language annotations accompanying each video. (2/12)

The Voltron framework offers a simple way to use language supervision to shape representation learning, building off of prior work in representations for robotics like MVP (
https://t.co/Pb0mk9hb4i) and R3M (https://t.co/o2Fkc3fP0e).

The secret is *balance* (3/12)

Starting with a masked autoencoder over frames from these video clips, make a choice:

1) Condition on language and improve our ability to reconstruct the scene.

2) Generate language given the visual representation and improve our ability to describe what's happening. (4/12)

By trading off *conditioning* and *generation* we show that we can learn 1) better representations than prior methods, and 2) explicitly shape the balance of low and high-level features captured.

Why is the ability to shape this balance important? (5/12)

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