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Saved by @JuliePlummer70

A perfect example of the muddled thinking regarding testosterone, advantage and sports categorisation.

‘T means better performance. It’s debatable whether that’s a sports advantage.’

🤪

 From this article: @TheWillHobson

https://t.co/UsVxSlwxBV
There are two concepts of ‘advantage’ used in the wider discussion. I think of them as Start and Finish Line positions.
The Finish Liners look at results - ‘no trans Olympians’ - and assert this demonstrates no advantage.

‘No trans Olympians’ is not simply a function of physical capacity but also participation.
Nobody from Bangladesh has ever won an Olympic medal. Does that mean Bangladeshis have no physical capability for sport, or are there actually societal barriers like money, access, sport as a low priority or non-Olympic sports prioritised?
And very few people are capable of winning Olympic medals anyway. If you subdivide into smaller demographics, it’s no surprise that you don’t see winners.

My husband has never won an Olympic medal. He should be allowed to compete with females?
On the flip side, the Start Liners consider ‘advantage’ as a function of the physical body, and results are irrelevant (although they may flag ‘acquired unfair advantages’).
If you have broadly the same *capacity* as your fellow competitors, it is the essence of sport to then sort you by *ability*.
*Capacity* may be a feature selected for in sports (like height in basketball) or, more relevant here, a category designed around known physical differences that affect performance, *regardless of ability*.
To evoke a long-standing doping analogy I make:

We recognise doping as unfair because it confers advantage over and above ones innate capacity, and this contravenes the general principles of sport. We fight over SuperShoes for the same reason.
The finish position of the doping athlete is irrelevant. We don’t give free passes to dopers if they aren’t challenging medals.

We recognise they have physical advantage (unavailable to the field) that makes them a better athlete *in reference to their innate capacity*.
The same logic holds for male/transwomen/female, where ‘innate capacity’ is a placeholder for ‘female version of self’.

First principles - what we know about T and the male body - tell us there is advantage, even if there is no *ability*.
When the Karkazises and Strangios of this world say ‘no advantage’, they are subsuming a heap of non-sports stuff into that statement, hence they lose clarity when it comes to actual analysis of physical advantage, which is what matters on a start line.
This is a great example of the Finish Line argument.

‘A peak age female should be allowed to compete against 70 year old females in their age class if the skill level of the peak age female is ‘compatible’ (that is, if they finish a race at about the same time).’
The Tweeter fails to consider it relevant that a 70 year old female who, despite advanced age and associated health/fitness impact, can manage to run 100m at the same time as a peak age female is actually a better runner than that peak age female, and should be rewarded as such.
But that is the position Finish Liners are forced into, as a logical progression of their arguments - that categorisation by capacity should not happen.

@runthinkwrite may wish to extend here.
And thanks to @boysvswomen for putting the article in front of me!
I’d would be very interested to talk to @Karkazis about this conflation.
Further thoughts from Jon @runthinkwrite https://t.co/yZor5kNToz

More from Emma Hilton

Emma Hilton
Emma Hilton
@FondOfBeetles
With Cathy's permission, I have converted the stats from this paper into graphic form.

Read on.


First, Cathy reported the numbers and % split of UK males and females playing selected sports. Male participation is higher than female participation.


Then, Cathy used population estimates to predict the numbers of male and female athletes who would be eligible, under a selfID model, for the opposite sex category. Cathy calculated these trans athletes as % of opposite sex category.

I have calculated the trans athletes as a frequency in the opposite sex category.

Here is the data for transwomen in female sports.


Here is the data for transmen in male sports.
ALL
Emma Hilton
Emma Hilton
@FondOfBeetles
Systematic review from Joanna Harper on muscular changes in transwomen.

‘These findings suggest that strength may be well preserved in transwomen during the first 3 years of hormone

Her conclusions mirror those of a recent review by me and Tommy Lundberg @tlexercise

‘These longitudinal data comprise a clear pattern of very modest to negligible changes in muscle mass and strength in transgender women suppressing testosterone for at least 12 months.’

Link to our review

I am biting my tongue to prevent me bitterly reflecting on the years of abuse I have received for disseminating this data.

Pictures of kittens welcome.

I will say this:

When two groups of scientists that have been cast on ‘opposing sides’ of an issue reach the same conclusions about a dataset, perhaps we might be able to accept what that dataset shows and move forward with solutions.
ALL
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Emma Hilton
Emma Hilton
@FondOfBeetles
This is Kuinini ‘Nini’ Manumua, the woman who was ultimately displaced by inclusion of Laurel Hubbard.

She’s 21, and it would have been her first Olympics.
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Emma Hilton
Emma Hilton
@FondOfBeetles
@Hogshead3Au @BARBARABULL11 @boysvswomen @cbrennansports @Martina @devarona64 OK.

Fitness data from over 85k AUS children aged 9–17 yrs showed that, compared with 9 yr females, 9 yr males were 9.8% faster in sprints, 16.6% faster over 1 mile, could jump 9.5% further, could complete 33% more push-ups in 30 s and had 13.8% stronger grip.

@BARBARABULL11 @boysvswomen @cbrennansports @Martina @devarona64 Here is my full description of that data.

Example:

1.6km timed run (CV endurance)

The *best* 17 yr old girls are matched by *average* 17 yr old boys, and beaten, by some measure, by the best 9 yr old


@BARBARABULL11 @boysvswomen @cbrennansports @Martina @devarona64 Male advantage of a similar magnitude was detected in a study of Greek children, where, compared with 6-year-old females, 6-year-old males completed 16.6% more shuttle runs in a given time and could jump 9.7% further from a standing

@BARBARABULL11 @boysvswomen @cbrennansports @Martina @devarona64 In terms of aerobic capacity, 6- to 7-year-old males have been shown to have a higher absolute and relative (to body mass) VO2max than 6- to 7-year-old

@BARBARABULL11 @boysvswomen @cbrennansports @Martina @devarona64 Pre-puberty performance differences are not negligible, and could be mediated, to some extent, by genetic factors and/or activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis during the neonatal period, sometimes referred to as “minipuberty”.
SOCIETY
Emma Hilton
Emma Hilton
@FondOfBeetles
Here follows my quick first thoughts of Roberts et al., 2020.

I predict this paper will generate much discussion over the coming weeks and months.


The link to the paper is here:

The authors studied 46 transwomen (TW) and 29 transmen (TM), majority in active service with the US Air Force.

Highly-active people, albeit not specifically-trained athletes. Mean age 26.6 yrs +/- 5.5 yrs.


Transgender officers were treated along standard hormone regimes. There is “documented suppression” of testosterone in TW but no raw numbers. Similarly, there are no raw numbers for TM.


USAF officers are subject to annual fitness tests, comprising push-up/sit-up reps per minute and a timed 1.5 mile run.

The performance of TW/TM over 30 months of treatment was retrieved from official records and compared with pre-treatment “baseline” performance.
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कुंडली में 12 भाव होते हैं। कैसे ज्योतिष द्वारा रोग के आंकलन करते समय कुंडली के विभिन्न भावों से गणना करते हैं आज इस पर चर्चा करेंगे।
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प्रथम भाव -
इस भाव से हम व्यक्ति की रोगप्रतिरोधक क्षमता, सिर, मष्तिस्क का विचार करते हैं।


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चतुर्थ भाव- छाती व इसके आंतरिक अंग, जातक की मानसिक स्थिति/प्रकृति, स्तन आदि की गणना की जाती है


पंचम भाव-
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Each of our temples tells the story of our rich history and cultural heritage. Was Nehru that ashamed of his own nation's heritage that he had to cover them up or there was some other reason? The answer would be best known to him only.

PM Nehru invited the then Saudi King Saud bin Abdul Aziz to India who accepted the invitation and planned a 17 day long official visit to India in 1955. Saudi King had brought a large delegation with him and he had to visit various Indian cities like Mumbai, Hyderabad, Agra,


Aligarh, Shimla, Mysore and Varanasi. However, when Saudi King reached Varanasi, Nehru ordered to cover all the temples and Idols with curtains that came in the way of the Royal Convoy. During his stay in Varanasi, Govt buildings were painted with the words "Kalma Tayyiba".


'Kalma Tayyiba' means 'There is not God but only Allah and Mohammed is his messenger'. In addition to it, Pooja and Aartis were also stopped at temples. I can call it the appeasement politics of the highest order and Nehru was indeed the greatest appeaser of all times.
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