A tensor is a container for numerical data. It is the way we store the information that we'll use within our system.
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An introduction to one of the the most basic structures used in machine learning: a tensor.
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A tensor is a container for numerical data. It is the way we store the information that we'll use within our system.
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Examples:
▫️ The rank of a matrix is 2 because it has two axes.
▫️ The rank of a vector is 1 because it has a single axis.
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Example:
▫️ A square matrix may have (3, 3) dimensions.
▫️ A tensor of rank 3 may have (2, 5, 7) dimensions.
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For example, when thinking about Python 🐍's numpy library, here are some of the supported data types:
▫️ float32
▫️ float64
▫️ uint8
▫️ int32
▫️ int64
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We can also use these mathematical concepts when describing tensors.
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The attached image shows how to construct a 0D tensor using numpy. Notice its shape and its rank (.ndim attribute.)
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The attached image shows a vector with shape (4, ). Notice how its rank (.ndim attribute) is 1.
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The attached image shows a matrix with shape (3, 4).
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For example, packing a 2D tensor in an array gives us a 3D tensor. Packing this one in another array gives us a 4D tensor, and so on.
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▫️ Vectors: 1D - (features)
▫️ Sequences: 2D - (timesteps, features)
▫️ Images: 3D - (height, width, channels)
▫️ Videos: 4D - (frames, height, width, channels)
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When using a batch of data, the tensor's first axis is reserved for the size of the batch (number of samples.)
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▫️ (samples, rows, columns)
Notice how the first axis is the number of matrices that we have in our batch.
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More from Santiago
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Thanks for this incredibly helpful analysis @dgurdasani1
Two questions. 1/ Does this summarise the AZ published data :
The plan is to extend the time interval for all age groups despite it being largely untested on the over 55yrs, although the full data is not yet published
Do we have the actual numbers of over 55yr olds given a 2nd dose at c12 weeks and the accompanying efficacy data?
Not to mention the efficacy data of the full first dose over that same period?
I’d quite like to know whether I am to be a guinea pig & the ongoing risks to manage
You attached photos of excerpts from a paper. Could you attach the link?
Re Pfizer. As I understand it the most efficacious interval for dosing was investigated at the start of the trial.
Here’s the link to the
I’ve got to say that this way of making and announcing decisions is not inspiring confidence in me and I am very pro vaccination as a matter of principle, not least because my brother caught polio before vaccinations available.
Two questions. 1/ Does this summarise the AZ published data :
The plan is to extend the time interval for all age groups despite it being largely untested on the over 55yrs, although the full data is not yet published
SUMMARY: the Oxford/Astra trial examined dosing with gaps between 4-12 wks- although longer gaps appear to be limited mostly to younger participants. There was no difference reported in published data between these & efficacy from the 1st dose seems high for severe disease.
— Deepti Gurdasani (@dgurdasani1) December 31, 2020
Do we have the actual numbers of over 55yr olds given a 2nd dose at c12 weeks and the accompanying efficacy data?
Not to mention the efficacy data of the full first dose over that same period?
I’d quite like to know whether I am to be a guinea pig & the ongoing risks to manage
You attached photos of excerpts from a paper. Could you attach the link?
Re Pfizer. As I understand it the most efficacious interval for dosing was investigated at the start of the trial.
Discussions of 1 vs 2 doses suggest many are not aware of Pfizer's trials which evaluated 1 vs 2 dose immunogenicity, assessed multiple formulations (BNT162b1 BNT162b2 etc) & conducted dose-ranging in both young & old adults at the start. Saw "clear benefit of booster at day 21" pic.twitter.com/mpyxu9xFSF
— Dr Nicole E Basta (@IDEpiPhD) December 31, 2020
Here’s the link to the
I’ve got to say that this way of making and announcing decisions is not inspiring confidence in me and I am very pro vaccination as a matter of principle, not least because my brother caught polio before vaccinations available.
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1/“What would need to be true for you to….X”
Why is this the most powerful question you can ask when attempting to reach an agreement with another human being or organization?
A thread, co-written by @deanmbrody:
2/ First, “X” could be lots of things. Examples: What would need to be true for you to
- “Feel it's in our best interest for me to be CMO"
- “Feel that we’re in a good place as a company”
- “Feel that we’re on the same page”
- “Feel that we both got what we wanted from this deal
3/ Normally, we aren’t that direct. Example from startup/VC land:
Founders leave VC meetings thinking that every VC will invest, but they rarely do.
Worse over, the founders don’t know what they need to do in order to be fundable.
4/ So why should you ask the magic Q?
To get clarity.
You want to know where you stand, and what it takes to get what you want in a way that also gets them what they want.
It also holds them (mentally) accountable once the thing they need becomes true.
5/ Staying in the context of soliciting investors, the question is “what would need to be true for you to want to invest (or partner with us on this journey, etc)?”
Multiple responses to this question are likely to deliver a positive result.
Why is this the most powerful question you can ask when attempting to reach an agreement with another human being or organization?
A thread, co-written by @deanmbrody:
Next level tactic when closing a sale, candidate, or investment:
— Erik Torenberg (@eriktorenberg) February 27, 2018
Ask: \u201cWhat needs to be true for you to be all in?\u201d
You'll usually get an explicit answer that you might not get otherwise. It also holds them accountable once the thing they need becomes true.
2/ First, “X” could be lots of things. Examples: What would need to be true for you to
- “Feel it's in our best interest for me to be CMO"
- “Feel that we’re in a good place as a company”
- “Feel that we’re on the same page”
- “Feel that we both got what we wanted from this deal
3/ Normally, we aren’t that direct. Example from startup/VC land:
Founders leave VC meetings thinking that every VC will invest, but they rarely do.
Worse over, the founders don’t know what they need to do in order to be fundable.
4/ So why should you ask the magic Q?
To get clarity.
You want to know where you stand, and what it takes to get what you want in a way that also gets them what they want.
It also holds them (mentally) accountable once the thing they need becomes true.
5/ Staying in the context of soliciting investors, the question is “what would need to be true for you to want to invest (or partner with us on this journey, etc)?”
Multiple responses to this question are likely to deliver a positive result.
