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Female athletes are still subjected to the equivalent of a sex test, based on whether they appear feminine.

 Dutee Chand in her successful appeal against the validity of the IAAF’s hyperandrogegism regulations, the Athletics Federation of India (AFI) originally began investigating her after complaints that she “ran like a boy”.
https://t.co/6dENGKFRT0
Chand was banned in 2014 after the @WorldAthletics decided that her androgen (testosterone) levels were above the 10 nmol/L permitted by the IAAF’s hyperandrogegism regulations, resulting in her missing the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games.
Androgens, including testosterone, are naturally produced in significant – but varying – levels by both men and women.
Endocrine profiles in 693 elite athletes in the post-competition setting’, found that 16.5% of the ‘male’ athletes had low testosterone levels, and 13.7% of the ‘females’ had high testosterone levels, ‘with complete overlap between the sexes’.
https://t.co/V9Ggi6cJVH
The CAS suspended the regulations in 2015, ruling that the IAAF ‘has not provided sufficient scientific evidence about the qualitative relationship between enhanced testosterone levels and improved athletic performance in hyperandrogenic athletes..
’The IAAF has not established, on the balance of probabilities, that the Hyperandrogenism Regulations apply only to exclude female athlete that are shown to have a competitive advantage of the same order as that of a male athlete.’
The CAS has gave the IAAF until 27 July 2017 to provide scientific evidence to support its Hyperandrogenism Regulations, however no evidence has been presented to date even in 2021.
Whilst the @WorldAthletics Regulations seek to impose an upper limit on female athletes, perhaps tellingly, no upper limit has been set for male athletes.
Dr. María José Martínez-Patiño successfully challenged her exclusion from the Spanish Olympic team in 1985 on the grounds that she had androgen insensivity syndrome, a condition in which her body does not respond to testosterone, either natural or synthetic.
Dr. Martínez-Patiño pointed out that any women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome will have elevated testosterone levels, but that does not make them an elite athlete.
If, as testosterone is such an important arbiter of performance as the IAAF argues, then how did Dr. Martínez-Patiño manage to compete to such a high level?
The scientific evidence suggests that testosterone levels vary amongst individuals and medical issues occur when an individual loses the ability to produce the testosterone their physiology requires.
There also appears to be NO scientific evidence that natural (endogenous) testosterone levels are any kind of arbiter of sporting performance.
@caster800m is allowed to run races at 100m, 200m, 3000m and 5000m & in any other Olympic sport without hormone suppressors but not at 400m 800m or 1500m

How can the same human be a female for 4 days & a male on the other 3 days  of the week?
@caster800m if she has an advantage how can it be for only half the week. To me there are aspects to this policy that you just cannot defend.
Incredibly if a male athlete has a health need for ”T” @wada_ama allows a male with low T to be granted a TUE for T to bring him up to the same level as his same sex counterparts. A female with high T is turned into a medical patient and made unwell or banned from competing.
@threadreaderapp please unroll

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Female athletes are still subjected to the equivalent of a sex test, based on whether they appear feminine.


Dutee Chand in her successful appeal against the validity of the IAAF’s hyperandrogegism regulations, the Athletics Federation of India (AFI) originally began investigating her after complaints that she “ran like a boy”.

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Androgens, including testosterone, are naturally produced in significant – but varying – levels by both men and women.

Endocrine profiles in 693 elite athletes in the post-competition setting’, found that 16.5% of the ‘male’ athletes had low testosterone levels, and 13.7% of the ‘females’ had high testosterone levels, ‘with complete overlap between the
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Semenya is an in­cred­ibly powerful runner from South Africa, a two-time Olympic champion. She has also been the subject of controversy since the beginning of her career over decade ago.


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“discrimination is a necessary, reasonable and proportionate means of achieving the IAAF’s aim of preserving the integrity of female athletics.”
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I jumped in my time-machine & landed in the middle of the 2035 World Athletics Championships in Paris.

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On inquiring, I learnt there had been a shake-up: the "men's" and "women's" classifications were no more; instead the classification system changed to one that was based on functional ability.
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Rather than labelling athletes as male or female , they were placed in a racing category based on the movements their body can perform, related to the sport they compete in.

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Finding the balance between sex, gender, human rights,  & the sciences and fairness in sport is without a doubt sports greatest challenge.

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There are many factors that significantly affect the competitive edge in sport such as nutrition, age, height, weight, coaching & training facilities, & other genetic and biological variations like oxygen-carrying capacity.
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