BC SOCIETY
Saved by @Jacobtldr

How long should trans females be made to reduce their levels of circulating testosterone should prior to competing in the women competition?

 Gooren found that during the first 12 months muscle mass (area) was decreased by 9.4% & hemoglobin levels by 14% in 20 transwomen (M2F trans) treated with an estrogen-based regimen that reduced circulating T concentrations from the male range to the female range.
Conversely, in 17 transmen (F2M transgender) treated for the first time with testosterone for 12 months (which increased circulating testosterone levels to a mean of 31 nmol/L), muscle mass increased by 19.2% and hemoglobin by 15%.
https://t.co/MOZtfh5Raf
The muscle mass findings remained stable between 1 and 3 years after initiation of treatment, although fat mass continued to change between 1 & 3 years of T treatment. although with disproportionately greater effect on muscle strength than on muscle mass.
https://t.co/8rMfUi4brV
This study did not report muscle strength, but other studies of T dose-response relationships for muscle mass and strength show consistently positively correlation,

https://t.co/0SqyneBjPZ…

https://t.co/pgyggiNG2u

https://t.co/0SqyneBjPZ…

https://t.co/A5AVkkShDj
Hence, the muscle mass estimates in these prospective treatment initiation studies in trans individuals likely underestimate the muscle strength gains from...
Elevated T levels where the circulating T markedly exceeds female range to be within the male range as occurs in severe hyperandrogenism of DSD females, poorly controlled transwomen (M2F transgender),..
or transmen (F2M transgender). These effects are also the biological basis of the ergogenic efficacy of androgen doping in women.
In both intersex/DSD and trans individuals, the developmental effects of adult male circulating T concentrations will have established the sex difference in muscle, hemoglobin, & bone, some of which is fixed & irreversible (bone size)....
.& some of which is maintained by the male circulating testosterone concentrations (muscle, hemoglobin).
The limited available prospective evidence from initiation of trans cross-sex hormone treatment suggests that the advantageous increases in muscle & hemoglobin due to male circulating T concentrations....
...are induced or reversed during the first 12mths & the androgenic effects may plateau after time.
This time course is much faster than the somatic effects of male puberty, which evolve over years and for some variables (e.g., peak bone mass) are not complete for up to a decade after the start of puberty.
However, the abrupt hormonal changes induced by medical treatment in intersex/DSD or transgender individuals may be telescoped compared with male puberty where circulating testosterone concentrations increase irregularly and incompletely for some years.
Additional data are available from the unique investigative model of men undergoing castration for prostate cancer. Just as androgen sensitivity to testosterone may differ between tissues...
https://t.co/S2yyg9Xq8j
The time course of offset of androgen effects following withdrawal of male testosterone concentrations may also differ between the major androgen-responsive tissues.
For example, circulating hemoglobin shows a progressive fall for 6 months reaching a nadir and plateau at 12 to 16 months in six studies involving 534 men undergoing medical castration for prostate cancer.
https://t.co/Bcg0PuNNu3
Although these studies of older men with prostate cancer must be extrapolated with caution, age, stage of disease, race, & baseline circulating T concentration did not affect the rate or extent of decline in hemoglobin.
https://t.co/Bcg0PuNNu3

https://t.co/2bii5lMZYy
Comparable longitudinal studies of muscle loss, strength, and performance following castration for prostate cancer are well summarized,
https://t.co/olda0NryXA
Showing progressive loss for 24 months (see Fig. 4).
Further clinical studies to define the time course of changes, mainly offset, in testosterone-dependent effects, notably on muscle and hemoglobin, are badly needed to determine the optimal duration for cross-sex hormone effects in sports.

End
@threadreaderapp please unroll

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Semenya is an in­cred­ibly powerful runner from South Africa, a two-time Olympic champion. She has also been the subject of controversy since the beginning of her career over decade ago.


Semenya has an intersex condition, though she doesn’t publicly speak about it: Her body allegedly produces testosterone at a higher level than most women.

The Court of Arbitration for Sport ruled that if Semenya wanted to continue to compete, she would be required to take medications to lower it.


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“discrimination is a necessary, reasonable and proportionate means of achieving the IAAF’s aim of preserving the integrity of female athletics.”
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Rather than labelling athletes as male or female , they were placed in a racing category based on the movements their body can perform, related to the sport they compete in.

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Finding the balance between sex, gender, human rights,  & the sciences and fairness in sport is without a doubt sports greatest challenge.

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Kirsti Miller
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Female athletes are still subjected to the equivalent of a sex test, based on whether they appear feminine.


Dutee Chand in her successful appeal against the validity of the IAAF’s hyperandrogegism regulations, the Athletics Federation of India (AFI) originally began investigating her after complaints that she “ran like a

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Kirsti Miller
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I have a passion to help &  educate other trans athletes about their own bodies. I suffer many adverse health conditions from not understanding my own post surgery endocrine system early enough before it had damaged my health.
1-

This article shows the consequences to health when trans girls experience low T. This is important to educate everyone because in this conversation those against us compare men's performance versus women.
2-


This article also shows trans girls have very different endocrine systems to a healthy male and as such they should not be compared to men when talking about sports

The only comparison you can make between a trans female athlete and a male would be to compare the trans girl to a male that has either been surgically or chemically sterilized.
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You won't even find men competing in elite sports in this health state without being prescribed T replacement therapy which is not available to a trans woman like me in sports.
5-
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Intersex ≠ transgenderism 🙄

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॥ॐ॥
अस्य श्री गायत्री ध्यान श्लोक:
(gAyatri dhyAna shlOka)
• This shloka to meditate personified form of वेदमाता गायत्री was given by Bhagwaan Brahma to Sage yAgnavalkya (याज्ञवल्क्य).

• 14th shloka of गायत्री कवचम् which is taken from वशिष्ठ संहिता, goes as follows..


• मुक्ता-विद्रुम-हेम-नील धवलच्छायैर्मुखस्त्रीक्षणै:।
muktA vidruma hEma nIla dhavalachhAyaiH mukhaistrlkShaNaiH.

• युक्तामिन्दुकला-निबद्धमुकुटां तत्वार्थवर्णात्मिकाम्॥
yuktAmindukalA nibaddha makutAm tatvArtha varNAtmikam.

• गायत्रीं वरदाभयाङ्कुश कशां शुभ्रं कपालं गदाम्।
gAyatrIm vardAbhayANkusha kashAm shubhram kapAlam gadAm.

• शंखं चक्रमथारविन्दयुगलं हस्तैर्वहन्ती भजै॥
shankham chakramathArvinda yugalam hastairvahantIm bhajE.

This shloka describes the form of वेदमाता गायत्री.

• It says, "She has five faces which shine with the colours of a Pearl 'मुक्ता', Coral 'विद्रुम', Gold 'हेम्', Sapphire 'नील्', & a Diamond 'धवलम्'.

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• These are the elements of SPACE, FIRE, WIND, EARTH & WATER.

• All these five faces shine with three eyes 'त्रिक्षणै:'.
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Jaya_Upadhyaya
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SRI THIRUNARAYANA PERUMAL, MELKOTE (KAR)

Known as Dakshin Badri, Thiru Narayanapuram is one of the four famous Swayambu Kshetrams, the other three being Srirangam, Kanchipuram and Tirupati.
The presiding diety is Cheluva Narayana Swamy/ Selva Pillai/ Rama Priyan.


Once, Sri Rama gave his aradhana murthi of Sri Ranganatha, to Raja Vibhishana on his request. So he was left without a murthi for his daily pujas. Brahma is said to have provided the murti of Selva Pillai to Rama who later passed this on to his sons, Lava and Kusa.


When Kusa’s daughter married a Yadava prince, this murthi moved to the lunar dynasty from solar.

It is said that the utsav murthi got the name Selva Pillai due to Sri Ramanuja.
Once, a Sultan took away this murthi and Sri Ramanuja went in its search to the Sultan’s palace.
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Suhas S. Hardutt
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THE BATTLE OF TALIKOTA and the destruction of Vijaynagar (Hampi)
26 January 1565

A tale of valor, deception and decimation.

A grim reminder that if we fail to protect our heritage, it will eventually crumble under the onslaught of "forces of anarchy".
(Elaborate thread)


This decisive battle was fought between the Vijayanagara empire and the Deccan sultanates resulting in a rout of Vijayanagara and ending the last major medieval era Hindu kingdom in south India.(1)

The seeds of 1565 encounter were sown more than 250 years earlier when the forces of the Delhi Sultanate, during the time of Alauddin Khilji and later Md Bin Tughlaq swept through southern India in an expansion spree.(2)

By middle of the 14th century, facing rebellions, Tughlaq withdrew to Delhi, leaving behind 2 empires, Bahmani, which ruled the Deccan from Kalaburagi, and Vijayanagara, which ruled most south India with its capital at Vijayanagar.(3)

The Raichur Doab, between the Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers, existed as a natural boundary between these two kingdoms, with wars often breaking out over control of this territory.(4)
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