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WORLD AT WAR

#WorldWar2 key events and their timeline with visual references.

Long 🧵

@ForumStrategic @SierraDeltaPk @Corpor8Xploiter @AhmAdTipu7 @Thunder07101 @WPCPSFION @ZA1N87 @ali_zarwan @schaheid @ainakhalid801 @AScf90

November 11, 1918
WORLD WAR I ENDS

Britain, France, the US, and other allies defeat Germany, bringing an end to World War I, billed as “the war to end all wars.”

January 30, 1933
HITLER APPOINTED GERMAN LEADER

Adolf Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany and later assumes dictatorial powers. German rearmament takes off.

September 1, 1939
WORLD WAR II BEGINS

Germany invades Poland, inciting Poland’s allies Britain and France to declare war on Germany.

September 17, 1939
SOVIET UNION INVADES POLAND

Working in concert with Hitler, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin orders the invasion of Poland, securing a share of Polish territory.

Sofya Kovalevskaya was born #OTD in 1850. She was the first woman to earn a doctorate in mathematics in modern Europe, be appointed to a university chair, and join the editorial board of a scientific journal. She also won the Prix Bordin from the French Academy of Science.

Sofya, who also went by Sonya, was born in Moscow. Her father was a nobleman who took the family from the city to a country estate.

She has quite an origin story: The family ran out of wallpaper, so they papered her room with calculus notes from her father’s time at university.

"These sheets, spotted over with strange incomprehensible formulae, soon attracted my attention. I passed whole hours before that mysterious wall, trying to decipher even a single phrase, and to discover the order in which the sheets ought to follow each other."

As a child she was given a physics book by a family friend. It required trigonometry, which she figured out on her own. The family friend, amazed by her ability, convinced Sofya’s father to arrange a private tutor.

She excelled at mathematics, but women were barred from Russian universities at the time. So she entered into a marriage of convenience with a young geology student and went with him to Heidelberg. She couldn’t enroll there either, but at least she could attend lectures.

Heard on @cafedotcom Insider with @PreetBharara and @AnneMilgram that the voter turnout in this election is expected to be the highest since 1908. Here's who couldn't vote in 1908. THREAD 1/14

Women. 19th amendment passed in 1920 granting equal access to the polls for #womenvoters. 2/14

Native Americans. The Indian Citizenship Act passed in 1924 granting #citizenship for all Native Americans (that's some audacity that the original inhabitants of this land were not citizens🤨). Some western states still didn't fully allow Native Americans voting until 1948. 3/14

Chinese immigrants granted access to citizenship, and therefore voting rights, through the Magnuson Act of 1943. 4/14

In 1961, residents of the NATION'S CAPITOL are allowed to vote in presidential elections thanks to the 23rd Amendment to the Constitution. 5/14

THREAD on Strauss’ Epilogue: I promised awhile ago a thread on why one should read Leo Strauss. I’ll probably make a more general thread on that, but 1st, here is one on “An Epilogue”—an essay Strauss wrote for an edited volume called “Essays on the Scientific Study of Politics”

This essay is Strauss’ critique of contemporary political science. Why’s that important for anyone outside the university? Because how we study political phenomena determines how we judge, and ultimately act, on political things.

What Strauss does here is comparable to Schmitt’s Concept of the Political. Schmitt shows how the modern liberal order attempts to conceal and abolish the essence of the political. Strauss shows that it also distorts the study of political things.

First, Strauss describes the old political science, the kind that prevailed from Aristotle to the end of the 19th c. The old pol. sci. (which was not distinguished from political philosophy) was a practical science. It’s purpose was architectonic—to order all other arts.

This pol sci depends on man being a political and rational animal. He is fundamentally different from other animals because he is receptive of praise and shame. He knows, to a greater or lesser degree, something about right and wrong beyond mere self preservation and breeding.

Thread: Hinduphobic origins of the word ‘juggernaut’

“Juggernaut” is the Anglicized name for the Hindu god Jagannath, the “Lord of the Universe.”
“Juggernaut” entered English in the early 19th c. to mean “a powerful, dominant, unstoppable force”, as colonial Brits encountered

the massive chariot of Jagannatha being pulled through the streets devotees during the Rath Yatra.

Rev. Claudius Buchanan was the first to popularize “the Juggernaut” in both Britain and the United States in the early 1800s. Buchanan was an Anglican chaplain stationed in India,

and a staunch supporter of Christian missions to India. In his letters sent back home from India, Buchanan described ‘“Juggernaut” as a dangerous, violent, and bloody religious cult. These letters were reprinted in Christian missionary magazines on both sides of the Atlantic.

In 1811, Buchanan published Christian Researches in Asia, his broad examination of the religious state of India and its need for Christian missions. He described devotees throwing themselves under the wheels of Juggernaut’s chariots.

He used a biblical reference to the Old Testament’s description of the heathen god Moloch (to whom people sacrificed their children) to explain Juggernaut to his Christian audience:

The 90's called and it would like it's sneering depictions of "pathetic right wing rubes" back. I know it makes a certain segment of the educated classes (of which I'm a member) feel good about themselves to read paragraphs like this, but it's lazy political analysis.

That crowd was comprised of scores (if not hundreds) of well off business owners as well as highly skilled paramilitary warriors (many of whom were trained by our own government) who came very close to achieving their goal. Their gauche affection for Olive Garden is irrelevant.

This is the article. I share the author's revulsion at what this mob did. But this is not a time for ribald humor at the expense of people who erected a gallows upon which it appears they intended to hang the Vice President and probably

Every violent political upheaval is messy and chaotic and disorganized and comprised of people who are far from paragons of wisdom and rational thought. Wednesday's uprising was not uniquely pathetic...to think it was is just to invert a celebratory American exceptionalism.

I can guarantee you, none of the people of color in the Capitol building, especially the officers who bravely fended off this mob, mistook them for a second as bumbling rubes.

The 12 Life Learnings of Carlos Gracie Sr.
(And my thoughts)

//THREAD//

1.) Be so strong that nothing can disturb your peace of mind.

Mental strength is possibly the greatest strength you could have.

While physical strength is a great supplementation, the power of the mind is essential to any great achievement.

2.) Speak to every one of happiness, health, and prosperity.

This is self-explanatory.

However, it is equally important to speak of these things to yourself.

Perfect your health,
Pursue your happiness,
Think of your prosperity.

"I could paint for a hundred years, a thousand years without stopping and I would still feel as though I knew nothing."

"The awareness of our own strength makes us modest."

~ Paul Cezanne 💎 #Botd 1839

Cézanne is said to have formed the bridge between late 19th-century Impressionism and the early 20th century's new line of artistic enquiry, Cubism... Both Matisse and Picasso are said to have remarked that Cézanne "is the father of us all".

In "Cézanne's Doubt",Merleau-Ponty discusses how Cézanne gave up classic artistic elements such as pictorial arrangements, single view perspectives, and outlines that enclosed color in an attempt to get a "lived perspective" by capturing all the complexities that an eye observes.

Ultimately, he [Cezanne] wanted to get to the point where "sight" was also "touch". He would take hours sometimes to put down a single stroke because each stroke needed to contain "the air, the light, the object, the composition, the character, the outline, and the style".

... A still life might have taken Cézanne one hundred working sessions while a portrait took him around one hundred and fifty sessions. Cèzanne believed that while he was painting, he was capturing a moment in time, that once passed, could not come back. ...

In Popular Culture, "jaichand" is Always Portrayed as a Traitor to Hindu Cause.

Truth, as always, is something else.

Jayachandra was Born to Gahadawala King Vijaychandra and Queen Chandralekha.

He was the Grandson of Famed Govindachandra of Kannauj Who levied reverse Jaziya on Moslems.

He was declared Crown Prince (Yuvaraja) in 1168 and Was Crowned as King on 21st of June 1170.

He Ruled over One of The Richest Lands in India at That Time.

Muslim Historians Declare him as " The king of Benares was the Greatest King In India, and Possessed largest Territory"

Indologist A. Fuhrer Found an Inscription in Ayodhya Dated to 1184AD, which Praises King Jayachandra Of Kannauj who Erected a Vaishnava (Ram) Temple at Treta-ke-Thakur In Ayodhya.

Ironically, today He is labeled as Traitor to Hindu cause.

European historians use a comparative notion of “balance of probabilities” when claiming knowledge transmission from Europe (Greece) to #India, but insist on the absolute notion of “beyond all reasonable doubt” for reverse transmission from India into #Europe. #decolonisation

They use this double standard to sustain a Eurocentric history writing against their dialogical competitors, even in situations where application of this principle would make a stronger case for East-to-West transmission.

This strategy has been used to perpetuate the racist notion that all knowledge flowed from ancient Europe.

For example, Neugebauer in 1962 used “priority, accessible communication routes and methodological similarities” to prove his belief that the astronomy contained

in the Indian Siddhantas had Greek origins, with Zero direct documentary evidence.

Similarly, Van der Waerden (1976) combined this approach with his much-criticized “hypothesis of common origin,” to claim that Bhaskara II’s work on 'Diophantine equations' originate from

an 'unknown' Greek manuscript that was available to Bhaskara and his students.

Later in 1983, he used the same approach to claim that Aryabhata’s trigonometry was borrowed from the Greeks
on the basis of a 12th CE Arabic version of Ptolemy’s astronomical text called Almagest.

The Indo-Greeks were on decline & the grounds were fertile for yet another invasion of #India. This time it was the Yuezhi tribe of Gansu from #China. They established the #KushanEmpire.

This #thread is about Kushans & how they became Indianised, unlike later Islam!c invaders.

The Kushans started to establish themselves as a major power around 30 CE with Kujula Kadphises forming a confederacy of various tribes from China.

They adopted Greek as their court language, which was soon replaced by Bactrian, the popular local language.

They also adopted #Buddhism & #Hinduism as their religion. They issued coins with Hindu Gods like Shiva with a trishul & Buddha in Abhaya mudra.

This was unlike the later Islam!c invasions where the invaders would try to obliterate local languages and religions.

The Kushans were heavily influenced by the prevalent Greek culture, especially in sculpture. The Kushans expanded their territories & ruled with two capitals, one in Gandhara & one in Mathura. This also established the Gandhara & Mathura School of Kushan arts.

Kushans also introduced the first human form of Buddha who was previously depicted with symbols like a throne, a wheel or a peepal leaf.

They patronised trade & sent Buddhist monks to #Tibet, #China, #Korea & #Japan. Lokaksema went to China & translated Buddhist texts in Chinese

A thread of “1984” quotes that are eerily applicable to today’s times:

A monolith has appeared December 5th in Colombia, but unlike the others appearing around the world, this one is Gold👑 LETS GO! 😏

It was found in Chia (that means thé godess Moon🌛) Colombia, located in the North of Bogota.

I read about this country and what i have found is that before the spanish conquest of the New World, the belief of the inhabitants of Bogota formed part of the Muisca religion. 🔆

In the practice of their religion, they used a lot of gold. Ritual tools were "covered in gold" 17💧

Eldorado is the name of the tribal chef of the Muisca people. That name come from the spanish "El hombre dorado" The Golden Man🔥

Kary Mullis won a Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1993.

His most famous achievement was the invention of PCR, the method being used around the world to test for Covid-19.

I've been asking myself: what would he think of current events?

It's time for a thread. 👇👇

Please retweet.

In one of life's strange coincidences, Mullis died in August 2019 - just months before the first cases of Covid were allegedly discovered in China.

Since I can't ask him for his latest thoughts, I've read his book, "Dancing Naked in the Mind Field".

Here are the six best bits.

1. The invention of PCR.

The idea for "polymerase chain reaction" came to Mullis while driving at night through the Californian countryside.

With PCR, he could make "as many copies as I wanted of any DNA sequence I chose".

He predicted he would win the Nobel prize for this.

2. Battling with the safety officer.

Mullis invented PCR while working at a biotechnology company called Cetus.

He enjoyed working there, but he hated its embrace of safety culture. He hated the "safety officer" who was given power over him.

He called this man the "danger officer", because "all he ever did was put up DANGER signs".

This man covered up his glass cabinets with warning stickers, making it impossible to see the chemicals inside.

"Overnight, my lab had become a very dangerous place".

Roger Froikin @rlefraim wrote, "IRELAND AND ISRAEL. — WHAT MAKES NO SENSE.
1)

When Nazis Took Manhattan : Code Switch : NPR

Riots erupted between anti-Fascists and Blackshirts (British

The spread of fascism in the 1920s was significantly aided by the fact that liberals and mainstream conservatives failed to take it seriously. Instead, they accommodated and normalised it.

Why we have to cut off the head of fascism again and again.

Seriously. Look at the image.

American Nazis in the 1930s—The German American

Resembling #Sriyantra, one of the largest Buddhist temple it was built in the 9th century by the #Shailendra_Raj dynasty. It is located in Central Java Indonesia.
It is currently included in # UNESCO Heritage

🕍𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗼𝗯𝘂𝗱𝘂𝗿 or sometimes Barabudur

dating from the 8th and 9th centuries is located close to Muntilan on the island of Java, which is the most visited tourist site in Indonesia. Built during the rule of the Sailendra Dynasty (c. 650-1025 CE). UNESCO designated Borobudur as a World Heritage Site in 1991 CE

following restoration in the 1970s and 1980s CE, and the iconic temple continues to play a powerful role in shaping Indonesian aesthetics, architecture, and cultural identity.

🕍𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗼𝗯𝘂𝗱𝘂𝗿 covers an enormous area, measuring 123 x 123 meters,

It was built in three tiers: a pyramidal base with five concentric square terraces, the trunk of a cone with three circular platforms, and at the top, a monumental stupa. The walls and balustrades are decorated with fine low reliefs, covering a total surface area of 2,500 m2.

The monument is a marvel of design, decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues. The architecture and stonework of this temple have no equal. And it was built without using any kind of cement or mortar! The structure is like a set of massive interlocking Lego blocks

📌Start the year with a LONG READ!

✅ The scene...

▶️ Nelson Mandela, conducting his own defence in his 1962 trial.

▶️ Presiding, is a 'white' magistrate

▶️ Mandela starts with an application asking magistrate to recuse himself....

https://t.co/p7z9q6ArgT

#GreatReads2021🎆

MANDELA: A judiciary controlled entirely by whites and enforcing laws enacted by a white parliament in which we have no representation, cannot be regarded as an impartial tribunal in a political trial where an African stands as an accused

#GreatReads2021🎆

MAGISTRATE: After all is said and done, there is only one court today and that is the White Man's court. There is no other court. What purpose does it serve you to make an application when there is only one court. What court do you wish to be tried by?

#GreatReads2021🎆

MANDELA: I feel oppressed.
It reminds me that I am voteless because there is a parliament in this country that is white-controlled. I am without land because the white minority has taken a lion's share. We are ravaged by starvation and disease....

#GreatReads2021🎆

MAGISTRATE: I fully realise your position, Mr Mandela, but you must confine yourself to the application and not go beyond it. I don't want to know about starvation. That in my view has got nothing to do with the case at the present moment.

#GreatReads2021🎆