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Happy Tuesday! The latest focal S:N501 build is now updated with sequences from 11 Jan.
There are 101 new sequences in the 501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7 #b117) & 501Y.V2 variants.

Additionally, I'll include some updates on S:E484K in this thread.

1/20

https://t.co/dXx6nk6Llz

 There are 97 new non-UK sequences in 501Y.V1, including the first sequences in the cluster from Slovakia, Mexico, & Belgium, plus additional sequences from the Netherlands, Denmark, Australia, Spain, Ireland, & Sweden.

2/20
Slovakia has 10 sequences that fall in 501Y.V1 for the first time. These are closely linked, & likely indicate a single introduction and ongoing transmission (remember: vertical distance is not meaningful on the same branch - position of the 2 English samples is arbitrary).

3/20
Belgium has 5 sequences in 501Y.V1 for the 1st time, indicating 3 separate intros. 3 seqs cluster together (zoomed, divergence), indicating a single introduction. The connection to Netherlands might indicate transmission, or 2 transmissions from same diversity in the UK.

4/20
Mexico also has a sequence that falls into 501Y.V1 for the first time.

5/20
Ireland has 36 new sequences. Many represent separate introductions, but some do cluster with older sequences & may represent local transmission, or introductions from the same UK diversity.

6/20
Denmark has 29 new sequences (orange). These represent both new introductions, and further expansion of the large cluster (zoomed view).

7/20
The Netherlands have 6 new sequences. All fall within the section of the tree marked in red.
Zooming in, the new sequences are marked in red: 2 are separate introductions. Zooming in further (divergence view), cluster at the top are identical to an older sequence.

8/20
Australia has 6 new sequences, including the first from Northern Territory and Victoria. 1 pair of sequences from Victoria are identical to each other, representing one introduction.

9/20
Spain has 2 new sequences (yellow). One represents a separate introduction. The other links to older Spanish sequences, but it's unclear from sequences alone if this is local transmission or transmissions from a common source.

10/20
Sweden has 2 new sequences, marked in red. Both represent independent introductions. The second one is hard to see, but zooming in shows this more clearly.

11/20
Now turning to 501Y.V2:

There are 4 new non-South African sequences in 501Y.V2, including the first from Ireland (3) and the Netherlands (1).

12/20
Ireland has 3 sequences in 501Y.V2 for the first time. They cluster together, and may indicate either local transmission, or a common exposure (pictures 1 & 2).

The Netherlands has its first sequence in 501Y.V2 (picture 3).

13/20
As usual, the updated country graphs are also available. As always, interpret with care: countries are selectively sequencing to track 501Y.V1, so proportions of sequences are not representative for many countries.

14/20

https://t.co/c7wlQOLRiq
Finally, an updated focal S:E484 build is also up.

S:E484K is found predominantly in the 501Y.V2 variant, & in a cluster of sequences primarily in Brazil, though it has appeared numerous times in the past.

15/20

https://t.co/Od95D6DL74
S:E484K has been discussed recently as there are suggestions it may impact how well the immune system can recognise the virus, particularly if you've been infected with SARS-CoV-2 before.

Links to the studies are on https://t.co/SmanZBHpse

16/20
Additionally, over the weekend, travellers from Brazil to Japan were found to be infected with a novel variant with many mutations, including S:E484K & S:N501Y.
Translated report linked below.

17/20

https://t.co/G1ITeT3MoV
To help viewers identify these new samples from Japan, I've added a *temporarily* label to the S:E484K build: 20B/S.484K.501Y.

Additionally, I've added a *temporary* label to the Brazilian cluster with S:E484K: 20B/S.484K.

18/20
Interestingly, though the recent Japanese sequences carry S:E484K & seem to originate from Brazil, they do *not* branch from the larger 484K cluster in Brazil, but instead sit on a long branch separately within the 20B Clade.

19/20
Getting case numbers down saves #LivesAndLivelihoods, and reduces #SARSCoV2's opportunities to explore situations with unique selection pressures, potentially resulting in mutations expanding that we'd rather not see.

Help make my updates more boring: bring cases down!

20/20
PS - For related but slightly-different-angle updates on 501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7) & 501Y.V2 (B.1.351), you should follow @AineToole & keep an eye on her tweets about updated reports!

https://t.co/fZDQqwvJmr

21/20

More from Dr Emma Hodcroft

Dr Emma Hodcroft
Dr Emma Hodcroft
@firefoxx66
A brief update to the focal S:N501 builds to start your Friday off right! This one includes data from 7 Jan 21.

We have about 20 new sequences each in 501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7 #b117) & 501Y.V2.

Let's take a look at the new sequences, starting with 501Y.V1

1/14

https://t.co/kT1gFsSZn0


There are 22 new non-UK sequences in 501Y.V1, including for the first time from Luxembourg (3), & additional seqs from Singapore (1), Australia (4), France (12), & Switzerland (2).

2/14


First, Luxembourg has 3 sequences in 501Y.V1 for the first time. Each represents a separate introduction.

3/14


France has 12 new sequences (orange). Many of these represent independent introductions.

Zooming in (divergence view), we can see 2 new sequences are identical (possible local transmission), & 2 differ by 2 mutations (1 each).

4/14


Australia has 4 new sequences (red and orange) which are spread across the tree, representing separate additional introductions.

5/14
FOR LATER READ
Dr Emma Hodcroft
Dr Emma Hodcroft
@firefoxx66
The focal S:N501 build is now updated with data from 13 Jan!

There are a total of 247 non-UK & non-South African sequences in 501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7 #b117) & 501Y.V2.

I'll do an additional thread later on, covering S:E484 & the 'Ohio variants'.

1/18

https://t.co/3bdttjKVl4


There are 244 new sequences in 501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7) from Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, Spain & USA, as well sequences as from Ecuador and Greece for the first time.

2/18


Greece has 3 new sequences in 501Y.V1 for the first time. They indicate 2 separate introductions.

Ecuador has 2 sequences for the first time. They also indicate 2 separate introductions.

3/18


The USA has 61 new sequences (orange), from Florida, Minnesota, California, Pennsylvania, & New York.

A few of these represent separate introductions. Others form distinct clusters that may indicate ongoing local transmission.

4/18


Israel has 35 new sequences (orange). Some of these show separate introductions, but many link with older sequences, indicating ongoing local transmission.

5/18
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Dr Emma Hodcroft
Dr Emma Hodcroft
@firefoxx66
To add to the excitement of your Saturday evening, the focal S:N501 build is now updated with data from 8th Jan, including 48 new seqs in 501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7 #b117) & 501Y.V2.

1/12

https://t.co/AbdhO1rqpw


There are 46 new non-UK sequences in 501Y.V1, from the Netherlands, Italy, Israel, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, the USA, and Luxembourg.
And 2 new non-South African sequences in 501Y.V2, from Australia for the first time.

2/12


In 501Y.V1:

Ireland has 4 new sequences (orange). 2 sit separately but are identical, indicating an additional introduction. 2 link to a previous sequence (green), 1 mutation away each. This could indicate location transmission, unsampled diversity, or a common exposure.

3/12


The Netherlands has 10 new seqs (orange). Many sit apart on the tree, indicating additional introductions. 3 cluster together separated by a few mutations. 2 are identical to an older seq. 1 falls in a cluster of older seqs. Some of these could indicate local transmission.

4/12


Israel has 22 new sequences (orange). 1 links to an older sequence, but is separated by 3 mutations, so may be separate introductions. Another is identical to an older sequence. But most new sequences cluster together (blue), clearly indicating local transmission.

5/12
FOR LATER READ
Dr Emma Hodcroft
Dr Emma Hodcroft
@firefoxx66
The latest focal S:N501 build is now up! It includes data from 4 Jan 2021.

We have new sequences in 501Y.V1/B.1.1.7 from Denmark, Singapore, Australia, Italy, Spain, France, Portugal, Germany, Brazil, Jamaica, Luxembourg, Pakistan & the USA.

1/12

https://t.co/FTjvV7T7wL


Denmark has 43 new sequences (in orange). These indicate additional introductions, as well as further expansion of the existing large local transmission cluster we saw previously (shown in zoomed divergence view).

2/12


10 new sequences from Portugal (orange) indicate additional, separate introductions.

3/12


Singapore has 5 new sequences (yellow). These indicate at least 5 separate introductions for the total of 6 sequences, with two identical sequences likely being 1 introduction.

4/12


5 new sequences from the US, from Florida & California (older sequences crossed through).

Zooming in (divergence view) on the California cluster, the relationship between these samples is difficult to infer from phylogenies alone.

5/12
WORLD
Dr Emma Hodcroft
Dr Emma Hodcroft
@firefoxx66
Each day brings new challenges, but here's an update to the dedicated S.N501 build, using data from 6 Jan 2021 to keep you going.

There are 42 new non-UK sequences in 501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7) & 7 new non-South-African sequences in 501Y.V2.

1/14

https://t.co/kT1gFsSZn0


There are 42 new non-UK sequences in 501Y.V1 from the Netherlands, Italy, Hong Kong, Finland, Sweden, Germany, USA, Switzerland, Brazil, and the first sequence from 501Y.V1 in Oman.

https://t.co/XA8VR8HiEq

2/14


Oman has their first sequence which falls into 501Y.V1:

3/14


Finland has 12 new sequences (orange), which mostly represent separate introductions. Zooming in (divergence view), we can see 3 of the new sequences are identical (red), which may indicate the cases are connected.

4/14


Sweden has 8 new sequences (orange), which indicate separate introductions.

5/14
WORLD

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Simon Wardley
Simon Wardley
@swardley
X : Do you think cloud will decentralise?
Me : Already has - started with regions and AZs and is now rapidly expanding into outpost, greengrass, EKS anwhere.
X : No, I mean many providers.
Me : There are two forms of decentralisation - provision and control (i.e. authorities) ...

... what is happening is decentralisation of provision (i.e. cloud everywhere, at the edge) but under centralised authorities (Amazon, Alibaba, MSFT, Google etc).
X : What about decentralisation of control?
Me : Many companies working to a common standard ...

... that was the dream of OpenStack but they blew that on day one creating a collective prisoner dilemma. They are trying to recorrect this with K8s but the cloud has moved on, higher up the stack ...

... so, the idea of a marketplace of many different companies each having authority is ... wishful thinking by past vendors and clients they've hoodwinked. Maybe in 15-20 years we will get another go ... open source is a long game ...

... more likely is many points of provision i.e. companies offering EKS anywhere on a utility basis but under centralised authority e.g. AWS.

So, yes, the cloud is going to edge, has been for sometime but it'll be AWS / Alibaba / MSFT cloud that is everywhere.
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Louisette Lanteigne \U0001f30e\u270c\ufe0f\u2696\ufe0f\u2665\ufe0f
Louisette Lanteigne 🌎✌...
@lulex
The public supports less policing and prisons but Harper invested in social discord.

Policing, Prison and construction were linked under the Harper Government.

Richard Bird was VP of Enbridge and he also served as a member of the Canada's Federal Minister of Finance's Advisory Committee on Financing and currently serves as chairman of the board of directors of the Alberta Investment Management

Richard Bird, a former VP of Enbridge is linked to Ecopatrol, missing money and a massive sex scandal in Colombia and Prison Schemes with bid rigging, corruption and collusion.

There was bid rigging corruption and collusion during Prime Minister Harper's term as they invested in private prisons across Canada. Read here. This mentions Bird Construction Inc. Richard Bird was VP of Enbridge Pipeline Inc.
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Cory Doctorow #BLM
Cory Doctorow #BLM
@doctorow
After the 9/11 attacks, airlines and public buildings adopted a flurry of "security" measures, like taking away pen-knives from fliers or requiring visitors to office buildings to be photographed or present a driver's license.

1/


Bruce Schneier's seminal 2003 "Beyond Fear" called these measures: #securitytheater.

Schneier pointed out that these measures would be easy to circumvent, and were thus providing only the comforting appearance of security - not security

Security theater is worse than nothing. Security theater gives people the false impression that their risks have been mitigated, when actually things are just as dangerous.

After al, if you know that danger exists, you can take some steps to mitigate or avoid it.

3/

But if you have the false impression that you've been made safer, you might unwittingly engage in risky behavior.

4/

Like, if you know your car's brakes are flaky, you might nurse the car along to the mechanic at low speed on side-streets.

But if you don't know about the brakes, you're apt to discover their flaws at 75mph on the freeway.

5/
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GAVNet
GAVNet
@GAValueNetwork
Daily Bookmarks to GAVNet 02/16/2021
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Heather Griffin
Heather Griffin
@MargeNAlia
Part of what is going on here is that large sectors of evangelicalism are poorly equipped to help people deal with basic struggles, let alone the ubiquitous pornography addictions that most of their men have been enslaved to for years.


On the one hand, there's a high standard of holiness. On the other hand, there's a model of growth that is basically "Try Harder to Mean it More." Identify the relevant scriptural truth & believe it with all of your sincerity so that you may access the Holy Spirit's help to obey.

Helping sincere believers believe and obey the Bible facts is pretty much all the Holy Spirit does these days, other than convict us of our sins in light of the Bible facts.

If you know you are sincere and hate your sin and believe the right Bible facts as hard as you can but continue to be enslaved to your pornography addiction, what else left for you to do? Just Really, Just Really, Just Really Trust God and Give it to Him?

To suggest that there are other strategies available sounds to those formed in this model of growth like one is also suggesting that the Bible is insufficient, but it also suggests something just as threatening- that there are aspects of reality that are not immediately apparent.
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Hello, writers! How about a thread on LITERARY AGENTS? How to get one, how to talk to one, how to keep one happy. Spoiler alert: I am 100% pro agent and can't imagine not having one on my side. 1/

Why would you want a literary agent?
* you want to be traditionally published
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* you want answers to your newbie questions 2/

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2. Write a query letter for your book
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Known as Dakshin Badri, Thiru Narayanapuram is one of the four famous Swayambu Kshetrams, the other three being Srirangam, Kanchipuram and Tirupati.
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The BATTLE OF PAVAN KHIND (13 July 1660)

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Valour, loyalty and sacrifice!


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Baji Prabhu was senior to Shivaji. In the beginning he opposed Shivaji being from a rival Maratha clan, but realised that Shivaji stood for national resurgence. Henceforth he became a friend and loyal supporter of Shivaji.(3)

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