नाना फडणवीस ।।
नाना फडणवीस, पेशवे कार्यप्रणाली में मराठा हिन्दवी सम्राज्य के सबसे योग्य एवम प्रभावशाली मंत्री हुए। इस चित्र में उन्हें लाल पेशवे शिखाबन्ध एवम त्रिपुंड तिलक के साथ देखा जा सकता है। लाल पर्दे ऊपर की ओर है , एक लाल शाल है, कपड़ो में रत्न जड़े हैं और पूरा चित्र

वो क्रान्तिकारी थे बटुकेश्वर दत्त.
देश आज़ाद होने के बाद बटुकेश्वर दत्त भी रिहा कर दिए गए. लेकिन दत्त को जीते जी भारत ने भुला दिया. इस बात का खुलासा नेशनल बुक ट्रस्ट द्वारा प्रकाशित किताब “बटुकेश्वर दत्त, भगत सिंह के सहयोगी” में किया गया है.

नवम्बर 1947 में उन्होंने अंजलि नाम की लड़की से शादी की. अब उनके सामने कमाने और घर चलाने की समस्या आ गई. बटुकेश्वर दत्त ने एक सिगरेट कंपनी में एजेंट की नौकरी कर ली. बाद में बिस्कुट बनाने का एक छोटा कारखाना भी खोला, लेकिन नुकसान होने की वजह से इसे बंद कर देना पड़ा.

सोचने में बड़ा अजीब लगता है कि भारत का सबसे बड़ा क्रांतिकारी देश की आजादी के बाद यूं भटक रहा था.
भारत में उनकी उपेक्षा का एक किस्सा और है. अनिल वर्मा बताते हैं कि एक बार पटना में बसों के लिए परमिट मिल रहे थे. इसके लिए दत्त ने भी आवेदन किया. परमिट के लिए जब वो

पटना के कमिश्नर से मिलने गए तो कमिश्नर ने उनसे स्वतंत्रता सेनानी होने का प्रमाण पत्र लाने को कहा. बटुकेश्वर दत्त के लिए ये दिल तोड़ने वाली बात थी.
बाद में राष्ट्रपति राजेन्द्र प्रसाद को जब ये पता चला तो कमिश्नर ने बटुकेश्वर दत्त से क्षमा मांगी उनके मित्र चमनलाल आज़ाद ने

एक लेख में लिखाः “क्या दत्त जैसे क्रांतिकारी को भारत में जन्म लेना चाहिए, परमात्मा ने इतने महान शूरवीर को हमारे देश में जन्म देकर भारी गलती की है. खेद की बात है कि जिस व्यक्ति ने देश को स्वतंत्र कराने के लिए प्राणों की बाजी लगा दी और जो फांसी से बाल-बाल बच गया, वह आज नितांत

Story of Azad Hind Bank
Before independence, the picture of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was also printed on the Indian currency. A replica of this currency issued by Azad Hind Bank can be seen on the currency display board of the main branch of State Bank of India located at Bank

Road in Gorakhpur city of Uttar Pradesh.
He also got a lot of support for the war that Netaji had started to liberate the country. People also donated in a big way. A bank was also created in April 1943 to handle these money. Its name was 'Azad Hind Bank'. This bank was

established in Rangoon, the capital of Varma. Varma is now known as Myanmar.
In the olden days, even the king-maharaja used to issue coins in his name, so in the same way this government of Netaji also issued its currency through 'Azad Hind Bank'. The countries which supported '

Azad Hind Sarkar' also recognized this currency.
The ten countries that supported the Azad Hind government and the army were Verma, Croatia, Germany, Nanking (present-day China), Manchukuo, Italy, Thailand, the Philippines and Ireland that recognized the bank and its currency.

From ten rupees coins to one lakh rupees notes were issued by the bank. The picture of Subhas Chandra Bose was printed on the one lakh rupee note. Prior to this, only the information of 5000 notes issued by Azad Hind Bank was public. A five thousand note is also kept in BHU's

It was the year of 1942. Congress sessions were stopped during that period.After Ramgarh session in 1939, no Congress session was being held,because the Congress workers had to face trouble in gathering at one place due to the Second World War.But still the top Congress

leaders used to hold meetings somewhere. One such time in 1942, most of the Congress leaders sat in Allahabad. Discussions were going on on Jinnah's use of Pakistan's rut ​​and the communal atmosphere spreading in the country. During this it was Rajagopalachari's turn to speak.

When he opened his mouth, everyone was stunned. Rajagopalachari had then clearly said that it is not in the hands of anyone to stop the partition. Everyone openly opposed him. Mahatma Gandhi himself also protested. But after 5 years in 1947, Rajagopalachari's words turned out

to be correct. After this, when the differences between the Congress and Jinnah's Muslim League started increasing, in 1944 he also gave a formula, which is called CR formula (Chakravarti Rajagopalachari formula).
Actually, in this formula he had put five things:

1. After the end of the Second World War, a commission should be made, which should identify Muslim-majority areas in the North-West of India. Here a referendum should be held among them whether these people want to separate from India or not.
2. The Muslim League will have to

Air India was started in 1932 by industrialist JRD Tata. Then its name was Tata Airlines. 1933 was the first commercial year for Tata Airlines. This year, Tata Airlines ships have flown about 160,000 miles. British royal 'Royal Air Force' pilot Homi Bharucha was the first

pilot of Tata Airlines, while JRD Tata and Vincent were the second and third pilots.
After the Second World War, on 29 July 1946, Tata Airlines became a 'Public Limited' company and its name was changed to 'Air India Limited'. After the independence of the country, the

Government of India first took 49 percent participation in Air India. Further in 1953, the Government of India passed the Air Corporation Act and then bought a majority stake in the company from the Tata group. Thus Tata Airlines became the official Air India.

This poster is from when India and Pakistan were not partitioned. You can see and understand the route of Air India in this poster.
Image source : 1946-47 network map of Air India Ltd (then Tata Airlines).

Lord Shiva is known as Natarajan as he is the Lord of Dance as an eternal dancer. His dance with music is described since the Puranic period. Tandava (denote the powerful) and masculine dance as Kala-Mahakala (denote the destruction of the whole world) are the two most common

types of the dance associated with Shiva . One of the most famous dance the Tandava-Lasya is associated with destruction and creation of the world.When Lord shiva dances,he represents truth, and by dancing he banishes ignorance and helps relieve the suffering of his followers.

Shiva is believed to assume two states – the samadhi (superconscious) state, and the tandav or lasya (dance) state. The samadhi state is his nirgun (non-materialised) state, while the tandav or lasya state is his sagun (materialised) state.
Body movements performed to

depict a particular event are known as natan or natya. The one who performs this natan is a nat (actor). Traditionally, it is believed that Nataraj is the promoter of dance. Since Shiva is the pioneer amongst actors/ dancers, the title of Nataraj is accorded to Him.

The Universe is Shiva's dance school, its is his playing field. He is not only its dancer, he is its observer too. In fact, Nataraj plays the role of creating a buzz in the universe through the commencement of his dance and merging the visible and invisible Creation into Himself

Mangottu Bhagavathi Temple
#Palakkad #Kerala
#keralatemples 🚩

Mangottu Bhagavathi Temple is situated in Athipotta near Alathur of palakkad district. Devi is kshipraprasadi here and grants relief to those who worship with full faith.
Mookken Chathen, situated on the Northern 👇

side of the temple, is guarding Devi here.
Story says that, once there lived a weaver named Kuttan who was a Devi Bhaktan. During one festival time Kuttan was so pleased by the Devi Vigraham that he requested her to come along with him. At that time wind blew heavily and Cloths

in Vigraham flew. Kuttan immediately decorated Devi with his cloth which stuck to Vigraham and returned to his village and with his Umbrella. Devi came with him in that Umbrella and stayed in his place. This place is Mangottu Bhagavathi temple now.

Amme Narayana
🙏🕉🙏

RANI NAIKI DEVI AND THE BATTLE OF KASAHRADA

Mohammad Ghori, the young Ghurid Prince conquered Ghaznavids in Afghanistan in the year 1173 CE. He conducted some successful raids into the Indian territory, which even Mahmud Ghazni & the Persians couldn't do.

First&foremost,Ghori invaded states of Multan &Uch in India.After this he turned to southern states of Gujarat &Rajputana.Everybody knows this about Ghori,but what most pple r unaware of is the defeat he suffered at hands of Chalukyan Queen Naiki Devi in 1178 Battle of Kasahrada.

When he marched southwards, his first target was the prosperous fortified town of Anhilwara Patan.
It was the capital of Chalukyas(also known as Solankis of Gujarat) which was established by Vanraj of Chapotkata Dynasty in 8th century.

American historian Tertius Chandler states that it was the 10th largest city in the world at that time. The history of Chalukyas has been written by many historians, but the valour of the Great Queen Naiki Devi remains unsung.

Born to the Kadamba King Paramardin of Goa,Naiki Devi was well trained in sword fighting, horse riding, strategy & every other subject of Statesmanship. She was married to King Ajaypala of Gujarat who sat on throne in 1171CE. Unfortunately,the King died within 4 yrs of his rule.

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