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🧵 The conversation surrounding this is confused in ways that really backfire. For example, you often hear that the Founders more or less "wanted gridlock to be the norm," for it to be "hard to get anything done," to guard against radical change.


Naturally, this tends to lessen the public's respect for the whole system. It doesn't sound very attractive, or at least sounds like a particularly inefficient way of guarding against radical change. "They wanted to force compromise," is better, but also backfires.

It confuses the public into being mad that everyone "can't just get a long and compromise," like it's a matter of personal attitudes and conflict is a sign something is wrong. A more invigorating and accurate framing:


We've basically inverted this framing into something very demoralizing. "Congress isn't supposed to do anything," rather than "Congress is gunning for a showdown." And we're so confused that one of the impeachment charges against Trump was "Obstruction of Congress."


The point is that the branches were supposed to be actively tactical, and were given a set of tools to use against each other. Not "do nothing."
Recently I have read some great 🧵s on raising a seed round.

Instead of gathering dusts in my bookmarks I have compiled them into one guide:

With: @gaganbiyani @RomeenSheth @josephflaherty @yoheinakajima @daytonmills @micahjay1 @paigefinnn @dunkhippo33 @amanda_robs @pinverrr

1/10. Adjusting your mental mode to the process of


2/10. Fundamentals for building the slide


3/10. How to craft the most important slide in the


4/10. One way of raising a seed round:
I’m retweeting this one not because I agree with it, but because I want to emphasize that all of this is so speculative. What does the exclusion of the president’s inability to pardon in cases of impeachment mean?


Is it only limited when the president is impeached and removed? Clinton’s pardons were allowed to stand, after he was impeached by the House—but the impeachment cause was so trivial—& they were also unrelated to the causes of his impeachment.

I actually think that allowing Clinton to grant pardons after impeachment was a big mistake, one that went against the intention of the Constitution, & one that helped to create the current mess. But that narrow precedent stands. What about the longer history & larger question?

After impeachment, President Johnson gave at least two pardons but they were reversed by President Grant immediately afterwards. How many did he give once impeached? Can other historians pipe in?

The revised edition of Joseph Story’s textbook of constitutional interpretation, published in 1868, said that presidents cannot pardon after impeachment as such a power ā€œmight become ... a protection against political offenses...the party accused might be acting under ...ā€
shouto wishes he could catch a break. his body is heavy, weighed down by stress and exhaustion and confusion. he hates the confusion the most.

he's sure that if he hadn't had the help he does from the very beginning, he'd have lost a long time ago.


shouto steps out of his office. he's the last to leave tonight, though that's no surprise. he's usually one of the lastest working heroes in the agency.

he'd been hoping to get back to his apartment without a hitch, but he can tell that won't be the case. not tonight.

not when it feels like someone's watching his every move.

he continues walking for a beat, stepping out of view of his agency. he reaches a fire escape stairwell against the side of another building and climbs to the top, quiet as he can.

shouto could use his ice to get up,

but keeping inconspicuous is more important than speed.

he settles on the edge of the building, legs relishing in the pull of gravity for but a moment.

"shadow," shouto says aloud then, unsurprised.

when he blinks, the vigilante stands beside him, usual dark get-up donned, though this time he doesn't have his mask and hood pulled up. he looks... normal. if anything, that feels stranger than seeing nothing but the man's green eyes.
Fact 23: Not all "cuneiform writing" actually meant something. Sometimes just imitating the general appearance of cuneiform-like signs could be enough — why bother to learn the whole complex writing system if others can't read it anyway?


Such ā€œpseudo-cuneiformā€ text is known from some seals and charms, like these LamaÅ”tu amulets (
https://t.co/JBcbmybEmH & https://t.co/fByNIVOzF5). Presumably the intended viewers couldn't read cuneiform, so it didn't matter if the signs were nonsense. They still looked impressive!


Of course, such ā€œpseudo-writingā€ is not restricted to cuneiform, but is found all over the world and for all writing systems. For a nice overview, see e.g. Houston 2018, ā€œWriting that Isn’t: Pseudo-Scripts in Comparative Viewā€, https://t.co/G0at5siAxS


In fact, some authors have suggested that ā€œpseudo-texts are relatively rare in cuneiformā€ (Veldhuis, via Houston 2018) — of course excluding modern fake antiquities, which we already mentioned in a previous thread a few days ago:


Certainly they seem to be a lot harder to find than I expected! The few images above are pretty much all we found while researching (a.k.a. googling) material for this thread. I'm sure more are known in the literature, but my usually decent web search skills are failing me here.