The focal S:N501 build has been updated with data from 15 Jan, & includes 164 non-UK, non-South African sequences in 501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7 #b117) & 501Y.V2.

The S:E484 build has also been updated. Includes 501Y.V3 & 20B/S.484K (predominantly in Brazil).

1/16

https://t.co/3bdttjKVl4

There are 161 new, non-UK sequences in 501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7) from the Netherlands, Denmark, Australia, Spain, Norway, Germany, the USA, & Switzerland, and from Turkey and Ecuador for the first time.

2/16
Turkey has 19 sequences in 501Y.V1 for the first time. These indicate many independent introductions, though a few clusters may indicate local transmission, and pairs with common exposure.

3/16
Ecuador has 4 sequences in 501Y.V1 for the first time, which represent 2 separate introductions (pic 2). 3 are identical, and may represent exposure to a common source (pic 3). The connection to the Spanish sequence may be a common source, or onward transmission.

4/16
Denmark has 66 new sequences (orange). A few are independent introductions, though many link with older sequences, showing continuing local transmission.

5/16
Spain has 42 new sequences (orange), including from the island of Mallorca. Many represent new introductions, though some link together & to older sequences (pic 2). Some sequences from Mallorca form tight, distinctive clusters (pic 3).

6/16
The Netherlands has 15 new sequences (orange). All of these are separate introductions, though a few new sequences link together which could be a common exposure source.

7/16
Switzerland has 9 new sequences (yellow). Many are separate introductions. Some sit close to other new sequences & older sequences. In some, geographic distribution implies these are separate introductions (pic 2). Others seem likely to be local transmission (pic 3).

8/16
Australia has 2 new sequences (orange) - they are linked but are a separate introduction, in Victoria.

Norway has 1 new sequence (orange). Though hard to see in the picture, it is a separate introduction & not connected to older sequences.

9/16
Germany has 2 new sequences (orange). Both representing separate introductions (pic 1).

The USA has 1 new sequence, from New Mexico (orange). It is 1 mutation away from older sequences - this could be local transmission or exposure to a common source (pic 2 & 3).

10/16
There are 3 new non-South African sequences in 501Y.V2 from Germany & Australia -- & Norway for the first time.

11/16
There is 1 new sequence each from Australia & Germany. The new Australian seq (yellow, bottom) is a separate introduction. The German seq (orange) is related to older German sequences but doesn't branch directly & is 5 mutations away, so may be exposure to a common source.

12/16
There is 1 new sequence from Norway in 501Y.V2 for the first time.
It is similar to sequences from England and France, which may onward transmission in Europe or a common source outside of Europe.

13/16
Finally, in the S:E484 build, there are 3 new sequences that fall in 20B/S.484K from Denmark, which indicate at least 2 introductions.

14/16

https://t.co/HpPeemTCkW
As usual, the country-plot is also updated. As always - interpret with care! Many countries are preferentially sequencing S-drop-out & S:N501 samples, & so the frequencies represented are often not reflective of real life.

15/16
https://t.co/c7wlQOLRiq
As always, you can read more about all the variants I'm tracking at https://t.co/wVE7ubYBoy!

16/16

More from Dr Emma Hodcroft

🎉Happy New Year!🎉

To kick off 2021, here's an update on:
- S:N501 variants (501Y.V1/V2) with data from 31 Dec 2020
- 69/70del variants
- 20A.EU1 variant (most prevalent variant in Europe)

(Here are some fireworks that look a bit like phylogenies! 🎆)

1/23


The latest sequences from 31 Dec show new sequences in the S:N501Y.V1 variant (originating from SE England) from Netherlands, Denmark, Australia, Italy, Canada, the USA, Germany, Switzerland, & India.

2/23

S:N501 link
https://t.co/TfHfPgBEBS

Image link
https://t.co/3aCKv1pAcI


Canada, Germany, & Switzerland all have sequences that fall in 501Y.V1 for the first time, scattered across the tree.

3/23


The USA also has its first 2 sequences that fall in 501Y.V1, from Colorado & California. India also had its first 3 sequences, also from different regions.

In both cases, the sequences are not connected, indicating separate introductions.

4/23


In countries with previous sequences:

6 new sequences from Netherlands, in orange/yellow (green are older).
1 is clearly separate - zooming in (& in divergence view, coloured by country) it is harder to determine the relationship between the others.

5/23

More from Society

1/ A thread of comments & observations about the death of the cackling vampire Rush Limbaugh.

My first observations in the main thread are here, but this offshoot is needed because there's been so many wise & witty things I've


2/ First, re: those who in their wayward moral obtuseness feel we "can't speak ill of the dead." I've said that this is what abuse enablers say, but I hear that some religious traditions preach this. Oy.
So there's this: https://t.co/7Ky4RA3nkZ &


3/ Drucker is another great wit, and this carries the proper mood


4/ There's definitely a Jewish Tradition angle for how to treat evil people who die: the only respect is to justice, right & wrong, and above all compassion's existence necessitates condemning cruelty


5/ We're coming up on #Purim, and that's all about how to remember evil. There may be a reason, then, that I share the attitude of many other people committed to righting

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