Daily Bookmarks to GAVNet 01/08/2021

Where antibiotic resistance comes from

https://t.co/CULwpxEVBJ

#antibiotics #resistance #genomes #EvolutionaryHistory
Along with vaccine rollouts, the U.S. needs a National Hi-Fi Mask Initiative

https://t.co/oqInlLSJl2

#PandemicResponse #vaccines #masks #COVID19

More from GAVNet

Daily Bookmarks to GAVNet 01/23/2021

Irrigation schemes in sub-Saharan Africa are consistently falling short of their promises

https://t.co/F9OlCXfKPZ

#africa #irrigation

‘We feel incredibly betrayed’: Thousands of Guardsmen forced to vacate Capitol

https://t.co/laCWjytrLn

#military #deployment #domestic

The New York Times Introduces a Web Site

https://t.co/0e0vadzDyS

#websites #anniversaries #journalism #newspapers

How will Democrats’ control of an evenly-divided Senate work? | US Elections 2020 News | Al Jazeera

https://t.co/nK5irhQQIO

#government #PartisanPolitics

More from Science

"NO LONGER BEST IN THE WORLD"
UNEP's new Human Development Index includes a new (separate) index: Planetary pressures-adjusted HDI (PHDI). News in Norway is that its position drops from #1 to #16 because of this, while Ireland rises from #2 to #1.
Why?

https://t.co/aVraIEzRfh


Check out Norway's 'Domestic Material Consumption'. Fossil fuels are no different here to Ireland's. What's different is this huge 'non-metallic minerals' category.
(Note also the jump in 1998, suggesting data problems.)
https://t.co/5QvzONbqmN


In Norway's case, it looks like the apparent consumption equation (production+imports-exports) for non-metal minerals is dominated by production: extraction of material in Norway.
https://t.co/5QvzONbqmN


And here we see that this production of non-metallic minerals is sand, gravel and crushed rock for construction. So it's about Norway's geology.
https://t.co/y6rqWmFVWc


Norway drops 15 places on the PHDI list not because of its CO₂ emissions (fairly high at 41st highest in the world per capita), but because of its geology, because it shifts a lot of rock whenever it builds anything.
1/ Automobiles and Intake Fraction. Since cars are back in the news I thought I would retweet this model result I offered in early April 2020. I focused only on 1 micron particles & accounted for windows completely closed & cracked slightly open.


2/ Related air exchange rates were based on experimental results in literature for mid-sized sedans. Particle deposition to indoor surfaces were accounted for, as the surface to volume ratio in a 3 m3 cab is large. An important outcome was the intake fraction (IF)

3/ Here, IF is the number of particles (or virions in collective particles) inhaled by a receptor DIVIDED BY the number or particles (or virions in collective particles) emitted by an infector.

4/ Integrated over the two hour drive (in this example) the IF for all windows closed & a receptor at rest is 0.08 (8% of what comes out of the infectors respiratory system ends up in the respiratory system of the receptor). 8%! That is a very high intake factor.

5/ With additional ventilation from cracking a window open drops the IF to 0.012 (1.2%) still relatively high. Can get lower by opening more windows.

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