Hinduism is a minority religion in Punjab.
During the Khalistan movement, the minority Hindus and Jains were subjected to several attacks. Hindu and Jain temples were frequently vandalized and desecrated. This thread documents a few instances.
Thread
According to the regional Hindu tradition recorded in the "Survey of Amritsar", Amritsar got its name from Amrit immersed by Lava and Kusha in a pond.
It was used to house the Murtis of Vishnu and Durga which were thrown out from the Parikrama of Harmandir Sahib in 1905.
Because of its presence in Amritsar, it became a frequent target of radicals during the Khalistan movement.
Coins of ancient Yaudheyas dating back to 100 BC have been found at this ancient temple.
On November 21 1983, two bombs were thrown on this temple. A damaged section was later rebuilt by funds collected from devotees
On May 5, 1984 Jain temple in Amritsar was looted and desecrated.
On February 28 of the same year, another Jain temple was looted.
They bombed Hindu fairs like Shivaratri & Ramnavami where Hindus gathered in large numbers to ensure maximum Hindu kiIIings.
Shivala temple of Amritsar was bombed on Shivaratri
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Nehru was officially classified as "Class A Prisoner".
He had newspapers, books, servants & coolies. He was allowed to walk out & meet others.
He was also allowed Switzerland trips "while technically imprisoned".
Savarkar was locked up in Kalapani & beaten up for 10 years
It was only once in his life that Nehru was treated just like any ordinary prisoner.
This was in Nabha Jail for 12 days.
Within 12 days, Nehru's father begged British viceroy.
He wrote an apology & assured that his son Nehru will never enter Nabha.
12 Days v/s 10 Years!
Nehru's jail in Ahmedabad had a badminton court specially built for Nehru and other top Congress leaders.
On his insistence, a library was made accessible to him during prison terms . That is how he could write books while "imprisoned".
A fitness instructor also attended to him
Nehru's jail terms were essential political stunts in building up his image as a great freedom fighter.
However, they seemed more like exotic getaways than real prisons
The 12 day imprisonment of Nehru in Nabha jail was harsh.
When Motilal came to know that his Nehru was locked up in a real jail, he rushed to meet Nehru but was forbidden by the administrator of Nabha.
Then, British viceroy came to the rescue of Nehrus and overruled this order
He had newspapers, books, servants & coolies. He was allowed to walk out & meet others.
He was also allowed Switzerland trips "while technically imprisoned".
Savarkar was locked up in Kalapani & beaten up for 10 years
Jawaharlal Nehru, India\u2019s first prime minister, spent nine years in British jails. Savarkar famously wrote letters appealing to British rulers and was questioned in Gandhi murder conspiracy. Just saying.
— Saba Naqvi (@_sabanaqvi) August 28, 2021
It was only once in his life that Nehru was treated just like any ordinary prisoner.
This was in Nabha Jail for 12 days.
Within 12 days, Nehru's father begged British viceroy.
He wrote an apology & assured that his son Nehru will never enter Nabha.
12 Days v/s 10 Years!
Nehru's jail in Ahmedabad had a badminton court specially built for Nehru and other top Congress leaders.
On his insistence, a library was made accessible to him during prison terms . That is how he could write books while "imprisoned".
A fitness instructor also attended to him
Nehru's jail terms were essential political stunts in building up his image as a great freedom fighter.
However, they seemed more like exotic getaways than real prisons
The 12 day imprisonment of Nehru in Nabha jail was harsh.
When Motilal came to know that his Nehru was locked up in a real jail, he rushed to meet Nehru but was forbidden by the administrator of Nabha.
Then, British viceroy came to the rescue of Nehrus and overruled this order
"Women are lustful, wasteful, vile, degraded woe bringers"- Buddha
“The learning found among women forms the conclusion of dharma... one should learn the remaining Dharmas from women and people of all classes"-- Apastamba Dharmasutra 2.29.11 (Hindu)
A Buddhist monk falls in love with a woman.
Buddha asks him-"Brother, why are you in love with a woman.
Women are lustful, wasteful, vile, degraded woe bringers".
And then he tells the story about how wicked a woman can be.
Asatamanta jataka:
https://t.co/37Rf9C9p49
"Women are treacherous ingrates" -Buddha.
Takka Jataka
https://t.co/pSG4G2qy7Y
"Wrathful are women, slanderers, ingrates,
The sowers of dissension and fell strife!
Then, Brother, tread the path of holiness,
And Bliss therein thou shalt not fail to find"- Buddha
Source: Takka Jataka
https://t.co/pSG4G2qy7Y
Those who are doubting the English translation by Sanskrit professor Cowell (published by Cambridge university press) should look up the Hindi translation published by Hindi Sahitya Sammelan
"स्त्रियां अकृतज्ञ होती है"-गौतम बुद्ध
“The learning found among women forms the conclusion of dharma... one should learn the remaining Dharmas from women and people of all classes"-- Apastamba Dharmasutra 2.29.11 (Hindu)
Buddha declared that women could attain nirvana. While the Hindu thinkers denied the right to education to women of all castes and classes, the Buddhist sangha gave them the freedom to read and write. #Buddhism #WomenInBuddhism #Brahmanism#Ambedkar https://t.co/s4NPNOUHBK
— Feminism in India (@FeminismInIndia) April 22, 2021
A Buddhist monk falls in love with a woman.
Buddha asks him-"Brother, why are you in love with a woman.
Women are lustful, wasteful, vile, degraded woe bringers".
And then he tells the story about how wicked a woman can be.
Asatamanta jataka:
https://t.co/37Rf9C9p49
"Women are treacherous ingrates" -Buddha.
Takka Jataka
https://t.co/pSG4G2qy7Y
"Wrathful are women, slanderers, ingrates,
The sowers of dissension and fell strife!
Then, Brother, tread the path of holiness,
And Bliss therein thou shalt not fail to find"- Buddha
Source: Takka Jataka
https://t.co/pSG4G2qy7Y
Those who are doubting the English translation by Sanskrit professor Cowell (published by Cambridge university press) should look up the Hindi translation published by Hindi Sahitya Sammelan
"स्त्रियां अकृतज्ञ होती है"-गौतम बुद्ध
India and Israel. Hindus and Jews.
This thread is about the history of the mutual interaction and relation between two of the oldest extent civilizations of the world.
We will also look at how appeasement politics alienated our ally and affected our own international position
The earliest trade contact between Hebrews and Hindus could have dated back to the era of David and Solomon.
"The king had trading ships at sea along with ships of Hiram. Every three years it returned, carrying gold, silver and ivory, and apes and baboons"
Bible( Kings 10.22)
According to the Old Testament, Ophir was the name of the place famous for its wealth. Solomon traded gold, silver, sandalwood, pearls, ivory, apes, and peacocks
Modern scholars have identified Ophir with Abhira kingdom of western India
https://t.co/5En1aZrViM
But the first large scale migration of Jewish refugees to India was after Roman destruction of Jerusalem.
Indian Jewish tradition says first wave of Jewish refugees landed on Kerala coast at Kodungallur in 70 CE.
Painting from Paradesi Synagogue(Mattanchery) depicts the scene
The Hindu Maharaja of Kodungallur cordially received the Jewish refugees.
He granted them land, freedom of life & freedom to practice religion.
Painting from Paradesi Synagogue depicts the king welcoming Jewish refugees.
The king is with full entourage bearing colored parasols
This thread is about the history of the mutual interaction and relation between two of the oldest extent civilizations of the world.
We will also look at how appeasement politics alienated our ally and affected our own international position
The earliest trade contact between Hebrews and Hindus could have dated back to the era of David and Solomon.
"The king had trading ships at sea along with ships of Hiram. Every three years it returned, carrying gold, silver and ivory, and apes and baboons"
Bible( Kings 10.22)
According to the Old Testament, Ophir was the name of the place famous for its wealth. Solomon traded gold, silver, sandalwood, pearls, ivory, apes, and peacocks
Modern scholars have identified Ophir with Abhira kingdom of western India
https://t.co/5En1aZrViM
But the first large scale migration of Jewish refugees to India was after Roman destruction of Jerusalem.
Indian Jewish tradition says first wave of Jewish refugees landed on Kerala coast at Kodungallur in 70 CE.
Painting from Paradesi Synagogue(Mattanchery) depicts the scene
The Hindu Maharaja of Kodungallur cordially received the Jewish refugees.
He granted them land, freedom of life & freedom to practice religion.
Painting from Paradesi Synagogue depicts the king welcoming Jewish refugees.
The king is with full entourage bearing colored parasols
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Viruses and other pathogens are often studied as stand-alone entities, despite that, in nature, they mostly live in multispecies associations called biofilms—both externally and within the host.
https://t.co/FBfXhUrH5d
Microorganisms in biofilms are enclosed by an extracellular matrix that confers protection and improves survival. Previous studies have shown that viruses can secondarily colonize preexisting biofilms, and viral biofilms have also been described.
...we raise the perspective that CoVs can persistently infect bats due to their association with biofilm structures. This phenomenon potentially provides an optimal environment for nonpathogenic & well-adapted viruses to interact with the host, as well as for viral recombination.
Biofilms can also enhance virion viability in extracellular environments, such as on fomites and in aquatic sediments, allowing viral persistence and dissemination.
Viruses and other pathogens are often studied as stand-alone entities, despite that, in nature, they mostly live in multispecies associations called biofilms—both externally and within the host.
https://t.co/FBfXhUrH5d
Microorganisms in biofilms are enclosed by an extracellular matrix that confers protection and improves survival. Previous studies have shown that viruses can secondarily colonize preexisting biofilms, and viral biofilms have also been described.
...we raise the perspective that CoVs can persistently infect bats due to their association with biofilm structures. This phenomenon potentially provides an optimal environment for nonpathogenic & well-adapted viruses to interact with the host, as well as for viral recombination.
Biofilms can also enhance virion viability in extracellular environments, such as on fomites and in aquatic sediments, allowing viral persistence and dissemination.
