The post-insurrection testimony of William Pitt Kellogg has been haunting me lately. He survived several coups as governor of LA during Reconstruction & gave a sobering assessment of their causes.

He testified that Reconstruction had been manageable until "the race-issue was there placed in the foreground" by white conservatives.
White conservatives abandoned all other policy issues & "appealed editorially to white men to employ white labor for political reasons."
Their goal in this was to radicalize white workers—to ensure that they had a vested financial interest in attacking & murdering leftist politicians friendly to racial equality.

In practice, it also meant firing Black workers so that they & their families would starve to death.
To summarize, you have a conservative "white man's party" that's overtly abt killing their political opponents to create more white jobs.
Kellogg identifies two tactics that made this white conservative movement so deadly: a massive disinformation campaign & a related paramilitary wing.
Sound familiar? Yeah. Not good.
The disinformation network put out a Big Lie that there was a Black League about to massacre all white Louisianans. Kellogg wrote "Very many people, and well-disposed people, had believed that there was an organization of the blacks, and that they were aiming to arm themselves."
White elites went all in for "systematic effort to organize among the most intelligent people of the city the White League, and that its leaders must necessarily have known the fact that there was no such thing as the Black League, and that they were not furnished with arms."
Here's the worst part: After the disinformation was out, white Louisianans became "determin[ed] to organize a White League to overcome what they termed the dangers of African supremacy in the State, and that the government of the State was not a legal one."
The misinformation was simply impossible to overcome. Kellogg & friendly media outlets repeatedly said there was no evidence of a Black League. No evidence of fraud. It didn't matter.
I've read *thousands* of pages of testimony abt white supremacist violence & the thing that haunts me the most abt this one is that Kellogg knows that the misinformation undermined everything else.
The white supremacist misinformation led to the massacre of hundreds of Black Louisianans over the next two years, several coup attempts, & culminated in the destruction of interracial democracy in the state.
Oh, & do you know what facilitated all of this? The losing gubernatorial candidate refused to concede defeat & set up a shadow government.
This shit was a PROCESS, one that eventually succeeded bc those in power failed 1) to deliver severe consequences to insurrectionists & 2) failed to stop the flow of misinformation inspiring their paramilitary activities.
So I'm on here begging @SpeakerPelosi @SenSchumer to expel Republicans who helped incite the Capitol Insurrection. The history is clear. Failure to deliver severe consequences means inviting worsening white supremacist coup attempts & violence.
But @RepAdamSchiff must also open a full investigation as an issue of intelligence, bc the beating heart of the insurrectionists is the disinformation disseminated by Fox, Brietbart, OAN, & especially social media.
If we fail to address the disinformation issue, all our other efforts will be pointless & we will be unlikely to stop the white militants.

More from History

THREAD: With #silversqueeze trending on Twitter, it appears that this week's market spectacle may well be in the silver market.

A perfect moment for a thread on the Hunt Brothers and their alleged attempt to corner the silver market...


1/ First, let's set the stage.

The Hunt Brothers - Nelson Bunker Hunt, William Herbert Hunt, and Lamar Hunt - were the sons of Texas tycoon H.L. Hunt.

H.L. Hunt had amassed a billion-dollar fortune in the oil industry.

He died in 1974 and left that fortune to his family.


2/ After H.L.'s passing, the Hunt Brothers had taken over the family holdings and successfully managed to expand the Hunt empire.

By the late 1970s, the family's fortune was estimated to be ~$5 billion.

In the financial world, the Hunt name was as good as gold (or silver!).


3/ But the 1970s were a turbulent time in America.

Following the oil crisis of the early 1970s, the U.S. had entered a period of stagflation - a dire macroeconomic condition characterized by high inflation, low growth, and high unemployment.


4/ The Hunt Brothers - particularly Nelson Bunker and William Herbert - believed that the inflationary environment would persist and destroy the value of their family's holdings.

To hedge this risk, they turned to silver.

They began buying the metal at ~$3 per ounce in 1973.

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I'm going to do two history threads on Ethiopia, one on its ancient history, one on its modern story (1800 to today). 🇪🇹

I'll begin with the ancient history ... and it goes way back. Because modern humans - and before that, the ancestors of humans - almost certainly originated in Ethiopia. 🇪🇹 (sub-thread):


The first likely historical reference to Ethiopia is ancient Egyptian records of trade expeditions to the "Land of Punt" in search of gold, ebony, ivory, incense, and wild animals, starting in c 2500 BC 🇪🇹


Ethiopians themselves believe that the Queen of Sheba, who visited Israel's King Solomon in the Bible (c 950 BC), came from Ethiopia (not Yemen, as others believe). Here she is meeting Solomon in a stain-glassed window in Addis Ababa's Holy Trinity Church. 🇪🇹


References to the Queen of Sheba are everywhere in Ethiopia. The national airline's frequent flier miles are even called "ShebaMiles". 🇪🇹
A brief analysis and comparison of the CSS for Twitter's PWA vs Twitter's legacy desktop website. The difference is dramatic and I'll touch on some reasons why.

Legacy site *downloads* ~630 KB CSS per theme and writing direction.

6,769 rules
9,252 selectors
16.7k declarations
3,370 unique declarations
44 media queries
36 unique colors
50 unique background colors
46 unique font sizes
39 unique z-indices

https://t.co/qyl4Bt1i5x


PWA *incrementally generates* ~30 KB CSS that handles all themes and writing directions.

735 rules
740 selectors
757 declarations
730 unique declarations
0 media queries
11 unique colors
32 unique background colors
15 unique font sizes
7 unique z-indices

https://t.co/w7oNG5KUkJ


The legacy site's CSS is what happens when hundreds of people directly write CSS over many years. Specificity wars, redundancy, a house of cards that can't be fixed. The result is extremely inefficient and error-prone styling that punishes users and developers.

The PWA's CSS is generated on-demand by a JS framework that manages styles and outputs "atomic CSS". The framework can enforce strict constraints and perform optimisations, which is why the CSS is so much smaller and safer. Style conflicts and unbounded CSS growth are avoided.