BC CRYPTO
Saved by @Shubham51ngh

Out of curiosity I dug into how NFT's actually reference the media you're "buying" and my eyebrows are now orbiting the moon

 Short version:

The NFT token you bought either points to a URL on the internet, or an IPFS hash. In most circumstances it references an IPFS gateway on the internet run by the startup you bought the NFT from.

Oh, and that URL is not the media. That URL is a JSON metadata file
Here's an example. This artwork is by Beeple and sold via Nifty:

https://t.co/TlJKH8kAew

The NFT token is for this JSON file hosted directly on Nifty's servers:

https://t.co/GQUaCnObvX
THAT file refers to the actual media you just "bought". Which in this case is hosted via a @cloudinary CDN, served by Nifty's servers again.

So if Nifty goes bust, your token is now worthless. It refers to nothing. This can't be changed.

"But you said some use IPFS!"
Let's look at the $65m Beeple, sold by Christies. Fancy.

https://t.co/1G9nCAdetk

That NFT token refers directly to an IPFS hash (https://t.co/QUdtdgtssH). We can take that IPFS hash and fetch the JSON metadata using a public gateway:

https://t.co/CoML7psBhF
So, well done for referring to IPFS - it references the specific file rather than a URL that might break!

...however the metadata links to "https://t.co/RzXLzsqegH"

This is an IPFS gateway run by https://t.co/yR25JR9mkk, the NFT-minting startup.

Who will go bust one day
You might say "Just refer to the IPFS hash in _both_ places!"

Well ...no. IPFS only serves files as long as a node in the IPFS network _intentionally_ keeps hosting it.

Which means when the startup who sold you the NFT goes bust, the files will probably vanish from IPFS too
In fact, this is already happening: https://t.co/UdUfMuyurw
In short: Right now NFT's are built on an absolute house of cards constructed by the people selling them.

It is likely that _every_ NFT sold so far will be broken within a decade.

Will that make them worthless? Hard to say
"NFT startups are long-game blackmailers" is an entertaining concept

https://t.co/Jtu2e1Q9Em
Eagerly awaiting the day when I can buy the bankrupt startup domains and start charging NFT owners to serve their files
"WELL ACTUALLY you just pin the file to your own IPFS node":

You absolutely can! But the metadata file generally points to a specific HTTP IPFS gateway URL - NOT the IPFS hash.

This means when the gateway operator goes bust I can buy the domain and start serving cat pictures
So @CheckMyNFT has been tracking NFTs created on Nifty, and apparently most of them are already broken 😬

https://t.co/7zvXpQNC2N
I can't believe I have to say this but: Not ALL NFTs

Yes I know there are plenty of NFTs that do not suffer from these problems. I was just covering the mainstream ones that have been hitting the news.

Next time I promise to inject the words "most" and "many" in every sentence
Honestly I'm not just making this up
https://t.co/S3nzWBKXqg
Apparently it isn't clear and some people are very angry, so:

This thread is specifically criticising the vendors currently selling fragile NFTs, not the concept of NFTs in general. Ok?

Ok.

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2020 will be remembered as the year the long fabled institutions finally arrived and #Bitcoin became a bonafide macroeconomic asset.

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2/ Bitcoin's monetary system marches on its continuously-lowering coin emission; meanwhile, other world monetary systems' units inflate, either naturally (like gold & silver ounces), or via monopolistic privilege (like government fiat money "printing").

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1/ ETH reached 18-month low today and there is this narrative that the price of is dropping because ICOs are liquidating their treasuries. Well, it’s completely wrong. Let’s look at the data!

https://t.co/yG0vecC7VT


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Trolly McTrollface
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On the importance of leverage for the crypto ecosystem.
A long time ago, BNP Paribas bought a retail forex exchange, because they thought they'd get an insight into forex trading flows and positions. What they quickly discovered, is that the website was a muppet slaughterhouse.


People would get stopped out ALL THE TIME because they used too much leverage. Over 90% of them lost money in a consistent way. Those are worse than even casino odds.
That's why around 2005, you had so many forex trading websites popping up. They would offer up to 500x leverage.

The higher the leverage, the better (for the website).
This became such a huge trend that regulators stepped in, and introduced maximum leverage rules. Something like x30 for forex, if I remember correctly. All of a sudden, all the ads and Premier League sponsorships vanished.

Forex gambling is still around, but not nearly as profitable, because it takes time for people to lose their money with a pitiful x30 leverage. Currencies usually don't move by 3% in a day. It can take weeks for an amateur trader to lose it all. Plus the adrenaline rush is gone.

Enter crypto.
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\U0001f42e Mikko Ohtamaa
🐮 Mikko Ohtamaa...
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1/ ERC-20 token standard approve() has caused an unnecessary cost of $53.8M for #Ethereum and #DeFi users

This is bad. Continue reading why and how to avoid this in the future.

👇👇👇


2/ Before you go all rage on the flaws of my analysis, please read the whole Twitter thread for disclaimers and caveats.


3/ approve() is an unnecessary step of ERC-20 tokens when they interact with smart contracts.

You know this because when you do a Uniswap trade you need press two transaction buttons instead of one.


4/ Why there is approve() - you can read the history in this Twitter


5/ I queried all approve() transactions on Google BigQuery public dataset and calculated their ETH cost and then converted this to the USD with the current ETH price.
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