EV Battery overview
Batteries are the key differentiator between the various EV manufacturers. The amount of energy stored in the battery determines the range of the EV, thought to be a major limitation on EV sales.

Consumers tend to worry that an EV with a range of 80 to 250 miles on a single charge would be inconvenient for long trips due to the time it takes to recharge the battery. Commercial batteries need to ensure there is quick recharge and less time between charges
The lithium-ion battery is important because it makes EVs expensive than ICEs. Battery costs per kilowatt-hour (kWh) declined from roughly $1,000 per kWh in 2010 to $227 in 2016
Lithium-ion batteries made up 70 percent of the rechargeable battery market in 2016
BNEF projects that global production capacity for lithium-ion batteries will increase from 103 gigawatt-hours (GWh) in the first quarter of 2017 to 273 GWh by 2021.
The battery manufacturing supply chain has three main parts:

cell manufacturing,

module manufacturing, and

pack assembly.
The smallest, but most important, component of the lithium-ion batteries that power EVs is the

electrochemical cell,

which consists of three major parts: a cathode and an anode separated physically but connected electrically by an electrolyte.
A battery’s discharge results from the diffusion of lithium ions from the anode to the cathode through the electrolyte.
$TSLA Tesla produces its own modules and packs at both its “Gigafactory,” which opened in Nevada in 2017, and at its vehicle assembly plant in Fremont, California.

Tesla’s battery packs use cells from Gigafactory, while cells for the Model S & X are produced by Panasonic
The anode is typically made of graphite, while the electrolyte typically consists of organic carbonate solvents with dissolved lithium salts.
The anode is physically and electronically isolated from the cathode by a separator, often a thin porous plastic film through which the liquid electrolyte permeates.
The cathode has the most variation in its different form. 20 percent of the total cost of a finished lithium-ion battery pack comes from the cell stage of production.
Cells are assembled only as an intermediate good as part of the larger battery assembly process, for insertion into both EV batteries and batteries for other uses. Cells make up 75 percent of the cost of a battery pack, on average.
Multiple cells in a case with terminals attached form a module.
EV battery packs are the final stage of EV battery production. Battery packs consist of battery modules, electrical connections, and cooling equipment. 14 percent of the total cost of a finished lithium-ion battery pack comes from the pack stage of production.
Battery manufacturers design EV battery packs for specific vehicle models and tend to assemble them near the vehicle assembly plant.
Graphite is used in the anode of many EVs.
LG Chem batteries were a common brand of batteries among vehicles sold in the US. LG Chem assembles packs in Michigan and South Korea for Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler using Korean or U.S.-made cells, depending on the model.
Today battery packs cost $10–$12K depending on their capacity. Low battery prices are the key to unlock more affordable, higher volume electric cars.
$TSLA is aiming to reduce the cost of future packs to less than $6,000, which would put the cell cost at well under $100/kWh.
Other Battery manufacturers that supply to EV customers include CATL, Toshiba, Samsung SDI, BYD
In my next thread I will outline the new challengers, $QS, $THCB (Microvast), A123 Systems.

The current leaders are:
CATL $CATL
BYD $BYDDF
Guoxuan
Lishen Battery
AVIC Lithium Battery
Glossary:
1. ICE - Internal Combustion Engine
2. EV - Electric Vehicle
3. BNEF - Bloomberg New Energy Finance

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1

From today, we will memorize the names of 27 Nakshatras in Vedic Jyotish to never forget in life.

I will write 4 names. Repeat them in SAME sequence twice in morning, noon, evening. Each day, revise new names + recall all previously learnt names.

Pls RT if you are in.

2

Today's Nakshatras are:-

1. Ashwini - अश्विनी

2. Bharani - भरणी

3. Krittika - कृत्तिका

4. Rohini - रोहिणी

Ashwini - अश्विनी is the FIRST Nakshatra.

Repeat these names TWICE now, tomorrow morning, noon and evening. Like this tweet if you have revised 8 times as told.

3

Today's Nakshatras are:-

5. Mrigashira - मृगशिरा

6. Ardra - आर्द्रा

7. Punarvasu - पुनर्वसु

8. Pushya - पुष्य

First recall previously learnt Nakshatras twice. Then recite these TWICE now, tomorrow morning, noon & evening in SAME order. Like this tweet only after doing so.

4

Today's Nakshatras are:-

9. Ashlesha - अश्लेषा

10. Magha - मघा

11. Purvaphalguni - पूर्वाफाल्गुनी

12. Uttaraphalguni - उत्तराफाल्गुनी

Purva means that comes before (P se Purva, P se pehele), and Uttara comes later.

Read next tweet too.

5

Purva, Uttara prefixes come in other Nakshatras too. Purva= pehele wala. Remember.

First recall previously learnt 8 Nakshatras twice. Then recite those in Tweet #4 TWICE now, tomorrow morning, noon & evening in SAME order. Like this tweet if you have read Tweets #4 & 5, both.
THE MEANING, SIGNIFICANCE AND HISTORY OF SWASTIK

The Swastik is a geometrical figure and an ancient religious icon. Swastik has been Sanatan Dharma’s symbol of auspiciousness – mangalya since time immemorial.


The name swastika comes from Sanskrit (Devanagari: स्वस्तिक, pronounced: swastik) &denotes “conducive to wellbeing or auspicious”.
The word Swastik has a definite etymological origin in Sanskrit. It is derived from the roots su – meaning “well or auspicious” & as meaning “being”.


"सु अस्ति येन तत स्वस्तिकं"
Swastik is de symbol through which everything auspicios occurs

Scholars believe word’s origin in Vedas,known as Swasti mantra;

"🕉स्वस्ति ना इन्द्रो वृधश्रवाहा
स्वस्ति ना पूषा विश्ववेदाहा
स्वस्तिनास्तरक्ष्यो अरिश्तनेमिही
स्वस्तिनो बृहस्पतिर्दधातु"


It translates to," O famed Indra, redeem us. O Pusha, the beholder of all knowledge, redeem us. Redeem us O Garudji, of limitless speed and O Bruhaspati, redeem us".

SWASTIK’s COSMIC ORIGIN

The Swastika represents the living creation in the whole Cosmos.


Hindu astronomers divide the ecliptic circle of cosmos in 27 divisions called
https://t.co/sLeuV1R2eQ this manner a cross forms in 4 directions in the celestial sky. At centre of this cross is Dhruva(Polestar). In a line from Dhruva, the stars known as Saptarishi can be observed.