The calamoid palms 🌴 have over 500 species spread across the world, but their higher-level relationships were a bit of a mystery. Until now.

Out today in #MolecularPhylogeneticsAndEvolution:

A robust phylogenomic framework for the calamoid palms https://t.co/JiCbSUlheH

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First some background info, so that you know what we are talking about:

Calamoid palms look a bit like snakes 🐍 (don't they!?!), because their fruits are covered in overlapping scales. And with their often fierce spines, they are equally fearsome. 😱

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They are classified into 17 genera, 10 subtribes and 3 tribes. They have an amazing variety of growth forms, from stemless to climbing to tree habit. 🌱🌴

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But as I said, their relationships have been a bit of a mystery. Here's the varying relationships previous studies found over the last 20 years.

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We tackled this mystery with a phylogenomic approach: we sampled almost a thousand genes (a hundred times more than previous studies!) of 75 species representing all calamoid tribes, subtribes and genera.

The resulting data matrix is pretty massive...

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With all this data, we were able to reconstruct the higher-level relationships with new confidence, and these results were stable no matter what method we used (we tried out quite a few...). Here's the strict consensus tree from all eight species trees we made.

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How strong is gene tree conflict in our dataset?

For relationships among tribes and subtribes, a clear majority of gene trees supported the main topology. That's why we think that our results are very robust on that level.

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However, in subtribes Ancistrophyllinae and Plectocomiinae, there was a lot of gene tree conflict - similar proportions of gene trees support the 3 different possible relationships among genera.

Why? Hybridisation? Incomplete lineage sorting?

Further research needed!

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Finally, a huge thanks to my fantastic supervisors @BillJBaker, @w_eiserhardt, @Chomicki_G and Simon Hiscock (@OxfordPlants), and all other (equally great) co-authors: @SidonieBellot, @RowanSchley, @tlpcouvreur, and palm legends John Dransfield and Andrew Henderson.

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If you want to read more, feel free to use the below link for free access to the paper - it will work until 13 March 2021.

https://t.co/JiCbSUlheH

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More from Science

Epic thread incoming:

I'm going to answer the question so many people have been asking this week:

WHAT IS PROJECT X???

Here's the definitive thread to tell you - and show you -precisely what Project X is

Grab a drink, sit down with me and let's #TalkLiberation

<3

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"Project X" is actually called "PanQuake".

Pan means "all". Quake is the huge effect our voices can have when our communications are uncensored and when we have access to brand new functionality that *enhances* our social reach, rather than diminishes it

Here's our logo:

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You can follow the fledgling official PanQuake Twitter account here: @pan_quake and see our super cool new website here:
https://t.co/F7wLSeM6aK

You can find our donation page here: https://t.co/VICFnsR0RX

Keep reading this thread to find out why we created it & what it is

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SPOILER ALERT: Much of the content below this point is from my personal slides & speech notes from today's launch event. That stream got totally ruined by (big) tech problems, but I'm happy to report everything is turning out wonderfully


Here are some of our most high profile & dedicated public advocates for PanQuake - many of whom were scheduled to appear at our launch. All of whom stuck around for hours, to do a prerecord of the event, which is being edited, processed & uploaded for you as I write this.

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