#Kanishka I was, the greatest, and certainly the most famous, of the #Kushan kings.
He is known, from the combined testimony of the literary, epigraphic, and numismatic sources, to have ruled over an extensive dominion extending from Bihar in the east to #Khorasan
@atalbrave https://t.co/o9dOqR8bDg

in the west, and from #Khotan in the north to, perhaps, #Konkan in the south.
The dates and findspots of some of the inscriptions of #Kanishka I are interesting:
#Kosam inscription dated year 2,
#Sarnath inscription dated year 3,
#Mathur¹ inscription dated year 4,
#Suivihar inscription dated year 11, and
#Manikiala inscription dated year 18.
#AFG
Kanishka I, belonged to the Little #Yüeh-chih branch settled in Tibet, entered #India through #Kashmir.
He carved out a principality for himself somewhere in #UttarPradesh, sometime after the death of V’ima #Kadphises.
He then extended his sway towards the west and the northwest.
However, the recently discovered #Rabatak inscription #SurkhKotal shows that he was, in fact, the son and successor of V’ima Kadphises.
Kanishka I attained several military successes in the east.
According to the OErîdharmapiþaka, he invaded þatliputra.
When he returned to his capital, #Purushapura (#Peshawar) from #Magadha, he carried away with him, the begging bowl of the #Buddha, a magical cock, and the Buddhist scholar, #Aoevaghosha.
The discovery of his coins in #Bengal and #Orissa should, however, not be taken as indicative of his sway over these territories, in the absence of any corroborative evidence.
According to the Rajataraógiòî of Kalhaòa, #Kanishka I conquered #Kashmir.
Hiuen-tsang refers to his authority over #Gandhara, and to his capital at #Purushapura (modern #Peshawar).
The OErîdharmapiþaka refers to his expedition against the #Parthians, in which he is reported to have achieved success.
The most notable achievement of Kanishka I was his subjugation of the central Asian provinces of #Kashghar, #Yarqand, and #Khotan.
These successes of the #Kushan ruler towards the north made the Chinese wary of his intentions.
#Pan-chao, the general of the #Chinese emperor, Ho-ti (89-105 AD), started making preparations for an invasion of the #Kushan empire.
Alerted by this, Kanishka I proclaimed his equality with the Chinese emperor by demanding his daughter in marriage, and assumed the title of #devaputra (son of god), the Indian equivalent of #t’ien-tzu (son of heaven), the title of the #Chinese emperor.
Pan-chao regarded this as a challenge to his emperor. Kanishka I dispatched his viceroy, Hsï, at the head of 70,000 horsemen, across the #Taghdumbash #Pamir to give battle to Pan-chao.
This expedition was, however, unsuccessful due to the hardships of the mountainous terrain.
According to a legend, Kanishka lamented this failure about the time of his death.
Kanishka I appear to be a devout #Buddhist, who, as per the testimony of #Hiuen-tsang and #Alberuni,
got a grand monastery constructed at #Purushapura. He is associated with the Fourth Buddhist Council, which he is said to have convoked on the advice of #Pnroeva.
In this Council, #Vasumitra acted as the president, and Pnroeva, as vice-president.
According to most of the traditions, the Council met at #Kuòðalavanavihara at #Kashmir, but some sources would have us believe that it was held in #Gandhara, or at #Jalandhara.
The Council prepared the Vibhashaoeastra commentary on the #Tripiþaka.
Although #Kanishka is generally regarded as a #Buddhist, the deities, from varied pantheons, appearing on the reverse of his coins, seem to show ‘a sort of religious eclecticism’.
@atalbrave

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Rig Ved 1.36.7

To do a Namaskaar or bow before someone means that you are humble or without pride and ego. This means that we politely bow before you since you are better than me. Pranipaat(प्राणीपात) also means the same that we respect you without any vanity.

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Surrendering False pride is Namaskaar. Even in devotion or bhakti we say the same thing. We want to convey to Ishwar that we have nothing to offer but we leave all our pride and offer you ourselves without any pride in our body. You destroy all our evil karma.

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We bow before you so that you assimilate us and make us that capable. Destruction of our evils and surrender is Namaskaar. Therefore we pray same thing before and after any big rituals.

3/9

तं घे॑मि॒त्था न॑म॒स्विन॒ उप॑ स्व॒राज॑मासते ।
होत्रा॑भिर॒ग्निं मनु॑षः॒ समिं॑धते तिति॒र्वांसो॒ अति॒ स्रिधः॑॥

Translation :

नमस्विनः - To bow.

स्वराजम् - Self illuminating.

तम् - His.

घ ईम् - Yours.

इत्था - This way.

उप - Upaasana.

आसते - To do.

स्त्रिधः - For enemies.

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अति तितिर्वांसः - To defeat fast.

मनुषः - Yajman.

होत्राभिः - In seven numbers.

अग्निम् - Agnidev.

समिन्धते - Illuminated on all sides.

Explanation : Yajmans bow(do Namaskaar) before self illuminating Agnidev by making the offerings of Havi.

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