BC HISTORY
Saved by @jay_millerjay

We will likely never be able to establish with certainty the identity of the two Black men painted by Rembrandt. There are no documents found, linking the painting to individuals. But we can make a reasoned guess. #BlackHistoryMonth #day20 #rembrandt #identification

 First there is the problem of the date. The inventory with a reference to 'two Moors in one painting' was drawn up in 1656 in what is now the @Rembrandthuis; however, the painting that hangs in the @Mauritshuis bears not only Rembrandt’s signature but also the year 1661.
Was the painting made in 1656 while Rembrandt was still living and working in Jodenbreestraat, and not signed and sold until 1661, when he had moved to the Jordaan district? The 1656 estate inventory suggests this.
On the other hand, it is of course possible that Rembrandt painted several pictures featuring two black men. Nevertheless, supposing that it is one and the same
painting, then we can assume that the two men
were in the studio in Jodenbreestraat to be portrayed in or before 1656.
Of course there still are dozens of candidates, since there was a small Black community in the area. However, it is striking, and exceptional, that two men are portrayed instead of one, as was customary in this genre.
Against that background, two candidates stand out. The two men in the painting radiate a certain intimacy, from which might be deduced that they are brothers, or at least closely acquainted.
And at the time, two brothers were living in the area: Bastiaan and Manuel Fernando, two brothers hailing from the island of São Tomé who appeared before a notary on 19 April 1656. #BlackHistoryMonth #Rembrandt
These men, who brought along Jan Sanders of Guinea as a witness, hired themselves out to the Admiralty (the Amsterdam Navy) as sailors.
In 1657, the 25-year-old Bastiaan married Maria from Angola. The couple gave their address as Sint Antoniespoort (3), at the end of Jodenbreestraat, a few hundred meters from Rembrandt’s studio (7).
Naturally this is far from conclusive evidence, but for the time being I don't think we can get any closer to an identification at this point.
Parenthetically, the 1656 deed states that Bastiaan and Manuel served under captain ‘Corderie’. Corderie is a name that does not occur elsewhere, however Joris (de) Caullerij does. As coincidence would have it Rembrandt portrayed this Joris de Caullerij 24 years earlier in 1632.
This thread is an excerpt from my eassay 'Black in Amsterdam around 1650', in the catalogue Black in Rembrandt's TIme. Get in at the @Rembrandthuis or your local bookstore. https://t.co/VPJLRrggv6
Here an older thread about my research into the Afro-Atlantic Community in 17th Amsterdam: https://t.co/VuJsUy4jiK
And one about mixed marriages https://t.co/49hX12L7UW
For people who read #portuguese, please check out the story about Juliana from #Brasil (1656) @FBN https://t.co/IOlciDnDWp
And of course some stories at my blog https://t.co/aqrp5BY22v
During #BlackHistoryMonth everyday a tweet about Amsterdam’s Black History. This was tweet/thread #20 https://t.co/AfkoEIRq8a

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Shalini Singh Sengar
Shalini Singh Sengar
@Maverickmusafir
(An extract from Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw, Soldiering with Dignity)

The man eventually destined to be free India's first Field Marshal was born on 3rd April 1914 at Amritsar. How did a Parsi couple settle for the holy city of the Sikhs? I once asked him and was told that in+


1899, his father recently qualified as a doctor and just married, could make no professional headway in Bombay, and was advised to try his luck at Lahore in the Punjab. With his young wife, he set off by train for Lahore. The long dusty and hot journey took five days and by the+


end of it, his young wife, who had never left the comforts and civilization of Bombay, was in hysterics and cried to go back. Poor Dr Manekshaw did all he could to comfort her, but as the train steamed into Amritsar, with her first sight of the Sikhs the young bride screamed her+

lungs out and refused to go any further. So they left the train at Amritsar, and there they stayed for forty-five years.

The Manekshaws had six children, four boys and two girls, and Sam was the fifth child. Sam had his schooling at Nainital's Sherwood College.+

After completing his schooling, he should have gone to England to pursue higher studies; this was the promise made to him by his father but, fortunately for the Indian Army, Dr Manekshaw felt that this particular son was far too young to be on his own in a foreign country, even+
HISTORY
Fidato
Fidato
@tequieremos
Following the demolition of Babri Masjid by 150,000 kar sevaks of RSS, BJP and VHP in 1992, there were a number of mosques which were closed down across India after the Sang Parivar threatened to demolish them as well. The names of those mosques are enlisted in this thread:

Punjab
1. Masjid Dakan Sahay Jalandhar
2. Masjid Noor Saray Noor Mehal

Rajasthan
1. Ahya-Din ka Jhonpra, Ajmer Sharif
2. Jamia Masjid, Tambir

Tamil Nadu
1. Masjid Krishnagri
2. Masjid Arkat
3. Purani Masjid of Kila Dhelore
4. Internal Masjid of Kila Dhelore

[1]

5. Masjid Saadatullah Khan Gajni
6. Two mosques of Injin Gri Kila
7. Masjid Shams ud Din Vilaporam
8. Jamia Masjid Vilaporam

Uttar Pradesh
1. Purani Nawabi Masjid, Faizabad
2. Masjid of Haji Iqbal’s Courtyard, Faizabad
3. Jamia Masjid, Banda

4. Inner Mosque of Kila, Jonpur
5. Atla’s Masjid, Jonpur
6. Jamia Masjid, Jonpur
7. Lal Masjid, Lal Darwaza
8. Jhunjari Masjid, Lal Darwaza
9. Char Ungli Masjid, Lal Darwaza
10. Masjid Sheikh Burhan Zafar Abad, District Jonpur
11. Dhara Masjid, Waransi

12. Masjid Asauli, Waransi
13. Nagina Masjid Agra, Qila Agra
14. Akbri Masjid, Agra
15. New Masjid, Agra
16. Moti Masjid, Agra
17. Inner Mosque of Feroz Shah Tomb
18. Masjid of Tomb Jafar Khan
19. Masjid near ROza Diwali Begum
20. Masjid Fateh Pur, Taj Mehal Agra
HISTORY
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Debbee Hutchinson
Debbee Hutchinson
@DebbeeHutchins1
Very few people know the history of eugenucs and thats how your government can do what they are goare doing ung today.


2.


3.

4.


Euthinasia was & still is a misnomer. The "Lethal Chamber" as the called it, was created by Dr. Benjamin Ward Richardson & first emerged out of the victorian era in Britain & first used in Battersea Dogs Home and later opened up for human use in Washington Square.
HISTORY
Cory Doctorow #BLM
Cory Doctorow #BLM
@doctorow
As the Qanon prophecies fail and the cult-members struggle to resolve their cognitive dissonance, it's a good time to revisit the history of paranoid, conspiratorial political movements in American history - the "paranoid style" that has dominated since the Revolution.

1/


After all, the very first skirmishes of the US war of independence were based on a conspiracy theory: that the levy on tea was a prelude to a sellout of the colonists to transnational mercantalist interests. US politics have always been conspiratorial.

2/

I found @zacharykarabell's @politico history of the Know Nothing party especially useful, as it tells the story of what happens when surging, paranoid, fractious political movements

The American Party was a secret 19th century organization founded on a conspiracy theory: that Irish immigrants were secretly planning a takeover of the US on behalf of the Pope.

4/
HISTORY
Egypedia
Egypedia
@Egypediax
Why and how did the ancient Egyptians build pyramids?

Pyramids were built for religious purposes. The Egyptians were one of the first civilizations to believe in an afterlife. Most were built as tombs for the pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods.


Most accepted construction hypotheses are based on the idea that it was built by moving huge stones from a quarry and dragging and lifting them into place. There are three known chambers inside the Great Pyramid.


All the pyramids were built by Egyptian workers and Imhotep was the architect of the first pyramid and the Saqqara step pyramid. He also built the pyramid of Djoser’s successor, Sekhemkhet. He was later deified as the god of medicine throughout Egypt in the Late Period.


It is not known who designed the Great Pyramid, but the man responsible for supervising its complex construction was Hemiunu, Khufu’s nephew, a senior civil servant who acted as the pharaoh’s vizier.


Despite the mystery surrounding Giza, Hemiunu himself was a flesh-and-blood man, as shown by his decidedly lifelike—and fleshy—statue, found in his tomb in Giza’s west cemetery.
HISTORY

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Got these scanners from the following accounts:

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Share for the benefit of everyone.

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SRI KALAHASTI KSHETRAM, CHITTOOR (AP)
#bharatmandir

Panchbhootasthalam representing vayu element, also called Dakshin Kailasha.
As per Shiva’s boon, Vayu is incarnated here as Shiva and worshipped as Kalahasteeswara.
The kshetram is also associated with Rahu and Ketu.


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@GunduHuDuGa


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This place is the ultimate location for Rahu Kethu Sarpa Dosha Nivarana.
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