BC FINANCE
Saved by @Alex1Powell

Why are states in Nigeria not paid their share of the oil and gas earnings in the currency it was earned in, i.e., the United States Dollars (USD)?

 Crude oil in Nigeria is owned by the Federation — the Federal, State, & Local Govt. Shared as follows: 13% is deducted & paid to the oil and gas producing States; next, the Federal Government (FGN) gets 52.68%; the States get 26.72%, & the Local Governments get 20.60%.
When Nigerian crude oil is sold, the proceeds are in USD and get paid to the NNPC/CBN/JPMorgan Account in the US. The Oil taxes, e.g., Petroleum Profit taxes, are also in USD and are collected by the Federal Inland Revenue Service and paid to the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN
The same thing applies to the royalty bonus collected by the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) and paid to the CBN. The CBN then converts the USD sales proceeds to Naira.
The CBN and Ministry of Finance then fund Federal agencies like NEMA and the Consolidated Revenue Fund in Naira, even the 13% derivation is paid in Naira. In other words, while the CBN retains the USD, the Federal, States, and LGAs get Naira
The CBN thus becomes the biggest player in the Foreign Exchange (Forex) markets, with Forex “earned” from the Federation. Why is this the case? Is it their money?
Why not simply give Abia State its share of oil sales earned in USD? Abia State could sell or save its USD in her State Sovereign Wealth Fund (amen). The state can decide to sell or save her Forex as she desires on the Interbank Foreign exchange market, or sell to the CBN
Why is the CBN deciding what exchange rate to use in remitting to states and LGAs their share of Forex earned from exports? Is Nigeria not a Federation?
Ultimately, the States, as part of the Federation, should get to choose what to do with their Forex earnings. If the CBN wants Forex, let it also bid for it from the States.
Nigeria is a Federation on paper, but a Unitary state in practice. The FGN may receive 56% of the share of fiscal revenues, but it collects above 95% of the major fiscal taxes on behalf of the States, including the VAT, and then redistributes.
States as mere appendages of the FGN, running back and forth for bailouts, unable to build railroads to export, unable to build power plants and sell power, unable to mine solid minerals in their states, or even issue company business licenses without the consent of the FGN.
Nigeria has no business with 35 states and FCT if those states become mere spenders of FAAC allocations, unable to generate their own wealth.
Perhaps the States should consider holding a nonpolitical summit and confronting the Federal Government, as well as passing a constitutional amendment to force fiscal devolution of powers.
There are gold and iron ore sprinkled across Nigeria, yet states cannot touch them. Why? Well, the reason is that those are Federal property. Yes seriously
If states owned those assets, it would be reasonable to assume they would protect them, but gold mining goes on illegally across the nation because the FGN owns the assets on the land but the states own the land without the assets—a mismatch of revenues and responsibilities.
All states, except just a few, cannot meet their obligations from Internally Generated Revenues (IGR). These include States governed by the APC, and PDP political parties.
The states should be allowed devolved power; for instance, allow states to own mineral deposits on their land, thus retaining income of 65% via derivation on Company Income Tax and Mineral Tax generated. States must stop begging for bailouts.
A quick win will be to allow states to register companies via their State Corporate Affairs Commission. This will spur competition via efficiency where states compete to attract companies to list in their states and pay CIT in their State.
In summary, Nigeria needs a devolution of fiscal powers to empower the States fiscally, and then hold them accountable. As Nigeria seeks to diversify the FX earning sources of the Federation, it’s also important that the political economy is considered.

More from Finance

Thomas Chua
Thomas Chua
@SteadyCompound
Terry Smith is often referred to as "the English Warren Buffett".

He runs Fundsmith which has a fund size of £27.9bn.

Despite the size, Fundsmith did a CAGR of 18.4%.

In his book Investing for Growth, he explains his investing philosophy.

Here's a breakdown:


1. Fundsmith's winning formula

Find companies that focus on delivering value.

Not those who are looking to pacify Wall Street with short-term results.


2. Avoiding "cheap" companies?

Low multiples are not a reason to buy a company.

A ship will continue to sink if it has a hole in it.

"A stock may have a low valuation but an even lower intrinsic value. Buying such a stock is not a recipe for investment success."


3. Getting quality right

For long-term investors, getting the quality of the business is more important than the valuation.

“An investor could have paid 281 times earnings for L’Oréal, 156 times for Colgate, and 147 times for Brown-Forman and still beat the market.”


4. "Unprofitable" companies could be good investments

Many of the best companies don't show earnings today.

But that's because they're heavily reinvesting for the future.

It's just that the earnings hasn't show up.
FINANCE
SocialDistanced MedStudent
SocialDistanced MedStu...
@DrSomedayMaybe
You have heard a lot about how anon accounts are being doxxed by Sarah Mojarad. I learned yesterday that I am unfortunately one of those accounts.
SARAH MOJARAD DOXXED ME.
And she could dox you, too.
1/
FINANCE
Advertisement
Yash Mehta
Yash Mehta
@YMehta_
Screeners helps trader in saving lot of time in filtering best stocks out of 5000+ listed stocks.

Here is the list of top 7 Free Strategy and its respective screeners that I use:

Also, last screener is my favorite to pick early momentum stocks.

1/ Golden Crossover:

Golden Crossover of 20 EMA above 200 EMA is a good strategy used by the trader. This screener will help you in identifying stocks that has given golden

2/ CCI Momentum:

CCI is a good indicator to find out stocks that are bullish and are in momentum. I had already shared a thread on the same.

This screener will help in identifying stocks for which CCI has crossed above

3/ Bullish Engulfing:

Bullish Divergence is a setup used by contrarian traders.
This screener will help in identifying stocks in which bullish divergence is

4/ Bearish Engulfing:

Bearish Divergence is a setup used by traders to take contra trades.
This screener will help in identifying stocks in which bearish divergence is
CATAGORY TRADING , ALL , FINANCE
Sahil Bloom
Sahil Bloom
@SahilBloom
The Cantillon Effect is the most important economic concept you’ve never heard of.

Here's a breakdown of what it is (and why you should care):


1/ Richard Cantillon was an Irish-French economist and philosopher born in the 1680s.

He achieved success as a banker—which he attributed to the formidable connections made through his family and employer.

At a young age, he had learned of the impact of proximity to power...

2/ Around 1730, Cantillon wrote a paper—Essay on the Nature of Commerce in General—which is considered a foundational work in the study of the political economy.

It was widely circulated in manuscript form, though it was not published until 1755, well after his death.


3/ In the paper, Cantillon posited that the early recipients of new money entering an economy will benefit more significantly than those it trickles down to.

In other words, the "flow path" of the new money matters!

4/ In 18th century terms, those closest to the King—the source of money/power—benefitted first when new money entered the economy.

Broadly, Cantillon observed that new money creates distributional effects based on where it enters the system.

The Cantillon Effect was born...
FINANCE
Jack Poulson
Jack Poulson
@_jack_poulson
Palantir's 2020 Q4 Earnings call goes live in half an hour.


The waiting room is now up.


In the mean time, you can read their just-filed

Which is essentially just a re-direct to this press

Palantir's Consolidated Statement of Operations is pretty interesting.

They lost more than twice as much money in 2020 ($1.17B) as in 2019 ($580M). Despite a $12.6M tax benefit in 2020 vs. $12.4M tax provision in 2019.

But stonks.
FINANCE

You May Also Like

WAKE UP AUSTRALIA WAKE UP
WAKE UP AUSTRALIA WAKE...
@WakeAustralia
Facebook originally a CIA program called "LifeLog".
LifeLog, via DARPA, terminated on Feb 4th, 2004.
Facebook was launched on Feb 4th, 2004.
Many of the LifeLog team became execs at FB.
Zuckerberg is a figurehead.
CIA allowed Cambridge to help Trump win

https://t.co/enzOXDCogV


Pentagon Kills LifeLog
BUSINESS
Ethan \U0001f468\u200d\U0001f3a4
Ethan 👨‍🎤...
@Booligoosh
First update to https://t.co/lDdqjtKTZL since the challenge ended – Medium links!! Go add your Medium profile now 👀📝 (thanks @diannamallen for the suggestion 😁)


Just added Telegram links to https://t.co/lDdqjtKTZL too! Now you can provide a nice easy way for people to message you :)


Less than 1 hour since I started adding stuff to https://t.co/lDdqjtKTZL again, and profile pages are now responsive!!! 🥳 Check it out -> https://t.co/fVkEL4fu0L


Accounts page is now also responsive!! 📱✨


💪 I managed to make the whole site responsive in about an hour. On my roadmap I had it down as 4-5 hours!!! 🤘🤠🤘
MAKERS
Advertisement
Vibhu Vashisth \U0001f1ee\U0001f1f3
Vibhu Vashisth 🇮🇳...
@VIBHU_Tweet
MAHARAJA CHHATRASAL BUNDELA was the great Bundela King who revolted against the Mughal ruler Aurangzeb.
Chhatrasal Bundela was born in year 1649 CE in Maur Hill of Bundela region to Champat Rai and Lal Kunwar. He was the descendent of Rudra Pratap of Orchha.


His ancesters were the vassals of Mughal Emperor. He drew inspiration from his father and revolted against the alien rule of Mughals. He was just 12 yrs old when his parents died in fight against the Mughal Army of Aurangzeb in 1661.

When his beloved father attained martyrdom in the year 166, the young Chatrasal was present in the last battle of his father against the Mughal and from these valiant campaigns,..

..he gathered the courage to free Bundelkhand from Aurangzeb’s rule.
He joined the Mughals initially, and was recommended by the Rajput King Mirza Jai Singh to be recruited in the Mughal Army in order to support their Deccan Campaigns.


But serving the alien rule of Mughals which brought chaos and misery to Bundelkhand was unacceptable for Chatrasal Bundela and his father’s incessant struggle against the Mughals kept the fire of independent Bundelkhand alive in his heart.
ALL
Mitesh Patel
Mitesh Patel
@Mitesh_Engr
How to sell option?
Here let me explain through simple math.
Say BN at 30000
30000 straddle trading at combine premium 800 ( based on current volatility)
Put at 400
Call at 400
You don’t know direction. Sold both.

If move will not come than both will decrease gradually.

At day end it will come down to 720-740 if move will not come. Difference is your profit.

Now case 2:
Move started.
At one points combine premium will start increasing.
Say 810.
Exit immediately. No need to do adjustment.
Let market settle.

Sell again straddle once market settle.
Now repeat same thing.

Straddle selling webinar over.
Good luck.

One can keep SL 550 for both strike to escape from sudden movement.
OPTIONSLEARNING , MITESHOPTIONS
Conviction | Patience
Conviction | Patience
@unseenvalue
H was always unseen in S2NL :)

Those who exited at 1500 needed money. They can always come back near 969. Those who exited at 230 also needed money. They can come back near 95.

Those who sold L @ 660 can always come back at 360. Those who sold S last week can be back @ 301
UVLEARNINGS