BC ALL
Saved by @BillyBostickson

1/ Directed Evolution and Serial passage of RNA Viruses
A quick (I hope) thread on RNA viruses & some others, mainly for my own learning process, but also as evidence (as if it was needed) of what modern virology & microbiology is capable of doing to viruses in their laboratories

 2/ In Vivo Continuous Directed Evolution
1 Recent advances in the field of in vivo continuous evolution
2 Advances in continuous culture of microbes enable continuous evolution
3 Viruses, prokaryotes, & eukaryotes mediate in vivo continuous evolution
https://t.co/BfR0B2Hwsf
3/ Continuous Directed Evolution of Biomolecules
By greatly accelerating laboratory evolution, PACE may provide solutions to otherwise intractable directed evolution problems and address novel questions about molecular evolution.
https://t.co/G3mIptI54H
4/ CDE for Strain & Protein Engineering
Inducible hypermutator systems accelerate strain evolution without compromising genome integrity.
Site-specific in vivo mutagenesis strategies have facilitated continuous protein engineering.
Automation possible!
https://t.co/pCxT250sKW
5/ Targeted mutagenesis:
A sniper-like diversity generator in microbial engineering
https://t.co/wdKyXghRYe
Advances in the directed evolution of proteins
https://t.co/1xXTtw1i3i
In vivo continuous directed evolution
https://t.co/xKRVSjVvo4
6/ Adaptable Platform for Directed Evolution in Human Cells
dynamic range for DE increased via application of small-molecule adenoviral protease inhibitor to modulate selection pressure during DE experiments. (paywall)
https://t.co/HHSm0u3I4m
support info:
https://t.co/F29aEZfkTU
7/ Scalable, Continuous Evolution of Genes at Mutation
Rates above Genomic Error Thresholds:
(nice infographics, see attached images)
https://t.co/CNidbmviSR
Optimization of enzymes via directed evolution in vivo (thesis)
https://t.co/Cq7m8aDgVb
8/ Evolutionary Potential of an RNA Virus
in vitro evolution system using recombinant double-stranded RNA bacteriophage, φ6, containing a β-lactamase (bla) gene marker
Results show use of RNA virus as vehicle for directed evolution of heterologous proteins
https://t.co/VxXjHpc214
9/ Lab RNA Virus Mimics Natural Evolution!
Do lab evolved virulence determinants mimic natural ones?
Using a plant RNA virus, SMV, via serial in vivo passage experiment, they showed:
Experimentally evolved virulence determinants identical to natural ones
https://t.co/aNcoBOnSe4
10/ Nasty Title:
"Quantitative Modeling of Virus Evolutionary Dynamics and Adaptation in Serial Passages Using Empirically Inferred Fitness Landscapes"
https://t.co/BctOBeyZBm
RNA Virus Mutations and Fitness for Survival
https://t.co/CNDcSCRiu2
11/ Serial passage in Wuhan with Deyin Guo!
To understand adaptation of H5N1 to mammals, a non-pathogenic H5N1 virus (HN021) in mice was passaged 15 times in mammals.
Experiment showed mouse-adapted variants highly pathogenic in mice after passages
https://t.co/QBLpvNVg0g
12/ Effect of PB2 Mutation 627K on Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Is Dependent on Virus Lineage (UK Research)
https://t.co/rUgqk2vHgT
A 627K variant in the PB 2 protein of H9 subtype influenza virus in wild birds (Harbin & Guandong)
https://t.co/Y6DM5eRcjU
13/ RNA virus experimental evolution
1 New virus that infects otherwise inaccessible host & completely changes way it interacts with host regulation & metabolism
2 Cooperation & cheating during co-infection of same host.
3 Incorporation & loss of genes
https://t.co/A93ADvFlJK
14/ Major Synthetic Evolutionary Transitions (Philosophy)
"parallel class of evolutionary transitions can be explored involving the use of artificial evolutionary experiments where alternative paths to innovation can be explored"
https://t.co/IzxFysxRME
https://t.co/nhTF4ZnTjP
15/ Evolutionary Pathway to Virulence of RNA Virus
Video Abstract
https://t.co/RgYzp5nimc
1. Key substitutions adaptive in epidemics also observed in in vitro systems
2. Evolution of viral replication can be inferred in tissue culture over short time-frame
https://t.co/WFJXslscvq
16/ In vivo continuous directed evolution:
"advent of increasingly general methods for continuous directed evolution enables researchers to address increasingly complex questions & to access biomolecules with more novel or even unprecedented properties"
https://t.co/YAhLgfMMiK
17/ Time for a Game!
Impact of RNA Virus Evolution on Quasispecies
"We explore how genetic events such as spontaneous mutations could alter the genomic organization of RNA viruses in such a way that they impact virus replications & plaque morphology"
https://t.co/nfhsZI3f46
18/ Pigs, Guinea Pigs & Rabbits Butchered in Peking
Flu A Virus Acquires Enhanced Pathogenicity & Transmissibility after Serial Passages in Swine
After 9 serial passages in pigs, engineered swine flu virus had greatly enhanced virulence & transmissibility!
https://t.co/NflCS1d2ux
19/ RNA Recombination Enhances Adaptability & Required for Virus Spread & Virulence
1. Recombination significantly accelerates adaptation and evolution during acute virus infection.
2. Essential to enrich beneficial mutations & purge deleterious mutations
https://t.co/AgG8XVCRvR
20/ Directed evolution of multiple genomic loci
"By building on multiplex automated genome engineering, we developed a method that enables precise mutagenesis of multiple, long genomic segments in multiple species without off-target modifications.
https://t.co/sBdXdnTQH4
21/ Enough Directed Evolution of Tweets for one day!

Got some real work to do, will update tomorrow

More from Billy Bostickson 🏴👁&👁 🆓

Billy Bostickson \U0001f3f4\U0001f441&\U0001f441 \U0001f193
Billy Bostickson 🏴👁&👁 ...
@BillyBostickson
1. Project 1742 (EcoHealth/DTRA)
Risks of bat-borne zoonotic diseases in Western Asia

Duration: 24/10/2018-23 /10/2019

Funding: $71,500
@dgaytandzhieva
https://t.co/680CdD8uug


2. Bat Virus Database
Access to the database is limited only to those scientists participating in our ‘Bats and Coronaviruses’ project
Our intention is to eventually open up this database to the larger scientific community
https://t.co/mPn7b9HM48


3. EcoHealth Alliance & DTRA Asking for Trouble
One Health research project focused on characterizing bat diversity, bat coronavirus diversity and the risk of bat-borne zoonotic disease emergence in the region.
https://t.co/u6aUeWBGEN


4. Phelps, Olival, Epstein, Karesh - EcoHealth/DTRA


5, Methods and Expected Outcomes
(Unexpected Outcome = New Coronavirus Pandemic)
ALL
Billy Bostickson \U0001f3f4\U0001f441&\U0001f441 \U0001f193
Billy Bostickson 🏴👁&👁 ...
@BillyBostickson
PCR Drosten Fail Compilation
1. Ten Fatal Errors: Scientists Attack Paper That Established Global PCR Driven Lockdown
https://t.co/25p88F2xu6
2. Review report Corman-Drosten et al.
https://t.co/8rlT4MWoyI
3. Consequences of false

PCR Drosten Fail Compilation
4. Files for download
https://t.co/SqDrZjB9em
5. Addendum
https://t.co/IygCWvnAsP
6. False positives in reverse transcription PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2
https://t.co/HxpSZkzZ7Q
7. Discussion on Retraction

PCR Drosten Fail Compilation
8. 124 Tweet Thread by Bobby Rajesh Malhotra
@Bobby_Network
https://t.co/cdot5yIeuf
9. Another shorter thread by @Bobby_Network
https://t.co/kqFW9GsSeD
10. Thread by Abir Ballan

PCR Drosten Fail Compilation
11. Mini Thread by @Kevin_McKernan
https://t.co/pntydnd80L
12. Another longer thread by @Kevin_McKernan
https://t.co/5hBYIlXFnQ
13.
ALL
Advertisement
Billy Bostickson \U0001f3f4\U0001f441&\U0001f441 \U0001f193
Billy Bostickson 🏴👁&👁 ...
@BillyBostickson
Keep dwelling on this:
Further Examination of the Motif near PRRA Reveals Close Structural Similarity to the SEB Superantigen as well as Sequence Similarities to Neurotoxins and a Viral SAg.

The insertion PRRA together with 7 sequentially preceding residues & succeeding R685 (conserved in β-CoVs) form a motif, Y674QTQTNSPRRAR685, homologous to those of neurotoxins from Ophiophagus (cobra) and Bungarus genera, as well as neurotoxin-like regions from three RABV strains

(20) (Fig. 2D). We further noticed that the same segment bears close similarity to the HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120 SAg motif F164 to V174.
https://t.co/EwwJOSa8RK


In (B), the segment S680PPRAR685 including the PRRA insert and highly conserved cleavage site *R685* is shown in van der Waals representation (black labels) and nearby CDR residues of the TCRVβ domain are labeled in blue/white
https://t.co/BsY8BAIzDa


Sequence Identity %
https://t.co/BsY8BAIzDa
Y674 - QTQTNSPRRA - R685
Similar to neurotoxins from Ophiophagus (cobra) & Bungarus genera & neurotoxin-like regions from three RABV strains
T678 - NSPRRA- R685
Superantigenic core, consistently aligned against bacterial or viral SAgs
ALL
Billy Bostickson \U0001f3f4\U0001f441&\U0001f441 \U0001f193
Billy Bostickson 🏴👁&👁 ...
@BillyBostickson
1. Finally!
I found the original H1N1-H5N1 "novel" viruses emails! Yes!
https://t.co/MoPgxYJIEv
Kawaoka Busted!

2. Kawaoka Busted!
More email evidence here:
More Smoking Gun Emails From Kobe University Virologist Teridah Ernala Ginting
Acts Of Espionage Against Indonesia by Akiko Makino and Others From Kobe University's "Secret"

3. NAMRU 2 Indonesia
(where Kawaoka organised theft of viruses)
(Now moved to Phnom Penh)
https://t.co/snRmicOIGN
History:
https://t.co/vEjltSDTOj
Perspectives on the DOD Global Emerging Infections Surveillance System:
GEIS at NAMRU 2, Indonesia (PDF)
https://t.co/SKm22oqBD4


4. NAMRU 2 Indonesia Controversy (2008)
Indonesia Suspends US NAMRU Lab Operations
https://t.co/kLW3zhiDVz
Supari On NAMRU-2
https://t.co/0wPbF4TpTJ
Indonesian Lawmakers Call For NAMRU-2 Probe
https://t.co/S4zZ4TaksW
NAMRU-2 Debate Turns

5. NAMRU Indonesia Controversy Part 2
U.S. insists on immunity for all Namru-2 laboratory staff
https://t.co/KelkEqJQTn
A "fact sheet" on NAMRU-2
https://t.co/Z08aLEDIJ4
US Embassy Half Truths:
https://t.co/b0nP0aVIwV
Indonesia: More attacks on
ALL
Billy Bostickson \U0001f3f4\U0001f441&\U0001f441 \U0001f193
Billy Bostickson 🏴👁&👁 ...
@BillyBostickson
1/9 Thread on the Wuhan "seafood market" Environmental Samples Issue
Conspiracy theories and doubt proliferate when there is lack of transparency. For example, regarding environmental samples which tested positive at the Wuhan seafood market

10. Conclusion:
CCDC has refused to release this data, has refused to release specific detail of environmental samples tested positive at market, refused permission for WHO to investigate & has stonewalled all attempts to obtain key information.
Why do you think CCDC does this?
ALL

More from All

\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0947\u0936 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0940
श्रीमाली हितेश अवस्थी...
@HiteshAwasthi89
Statue of Equality (Ramanuja) Muchintal, Hyderabad, Telangana

The Statue of Equality is a monument in India dedicated to the 11th-century Vaishnavaite Sage Bhagavad Ramanuja, commemorating 1000 years since his birth. It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi ji in 2019.


In 2014, Sri Chinna Jeeyar came up with the idea to commemorate the 1000th anniversary of Sri Ramanuja's teachings by building the Statue of Equality. The statue is constructed on an estimated 34 acres in Hyderabad, India.


It consists of a 216 foot tall statue of Ramanuja and is surrounded by 108 Divyadesams (model temples) and includes an educational gallery. The project budget is 1000 crore rupees.The foundation stone for the Statue of Equality was laid by Chinna Jeeyar.


The statue was built by Aerosun Corporation in China before being shipped to India. It is made of panchaloha, a combination of gold, silver, copper, brass and titanium. The statue relies on donations to fund its construction.


The temple is located on the 27,870 square metre second floor with a 120 kg statue of Ramanuja, representing the years he lived, meant for daily worship. The 1,365 square metre third floor including a Vedic digital library and research center.
ALL
\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0947\u0936 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0940 \U0001f1ee\U0001f1f3
श्रीमाली हितेश अवस्थी ...
@HiteshAwasthi89
#Thread
An interesting story of Kamala Devi hazarika for all Sanatanis...🙏

A Xtian missionary was sent to Assam for the promotion of religion. His name was Cruz. He came across to one the boys from an influential family in Assam to teach him English.
@noconversion

Cont 👇


The p@stor slowly began to study the house and he learned that the boy's grandmother was the most influential person in the house. So he thought 'Corrupting the grandmother's mind can make the whole family Xtian as well as the whole village.

Cont 👇


The p@stor began to tell Grandma the stories of how J€$u$ cured leprosy of lepers, how He gave sight to the blind, etc..But after listening to him, the strong Sanatani grandmother said. A stone turned into a living woman (Ahalya) for our Rama when he touched the stone.

Cont 👇


She spoke of Rama setu where stones floated in sea just by writing his name on the stones and that they are still floating today.
The p@stor continued his efforts but all his tricks went in vain.

Cont 👇


One day he had brought a cake from the church and he thought of offering it to grandmother but he was doubtful that she would eat it. But contrary to his expectation, she took the cake and ate it.

Cont 👇
ALL
Advertisement
Vibhu Vashisth
Vibhu Vashisth
@VIBHU_Tweet
ANCIENT BHARAT WAS CALLED VISHWAGURU, AND IT REALLY DESERVED IT.

India had a well developed education system centuries before the westerners arrived and called us uncivilized. Education was always given a great importance in Indian civilisation since times immemorial.


Ancient India had the Gurukulas and Ashramas as the epicentres of the knowledge and enlightenment. Bigger Gurukulas served as the centres of higher education called universities. Besides these universities, temples also emerged as the major learning centres.

Studying the Holy Scriptures, character building, personality development, responsibilities towards self,family and society,discipline and preservation of the ancient culture and heritage were the key embodiments of education.

This kind of education system made ancient India, a centre of knowledge all over the world. Many foreign students came to India for education and India was called the 'Vishwaguru'.
Takshshila and Nalanda were the two prominent universities of ancient India.


But were these only Universities of ancient India?The answer is 'No'.Let's learn about these gems of our education system that flourished across ancient India & be proud.

NALANDA UNIVERSITY
This was the oldest university of ancient India.Situated in Nalanda distt. of Bihar...
ALL
Save To Bookmarks \uea00
Save To Bookmarks ...
@SaveToBookmarks
@buzz_chronicles @AchuthArora @Abhirajputfit @rattibha Thanks bro!

Your tweet has been saved.

To access and manage your bookmarks, please register with savetobookmarks .com.
ALL
Buzz Chronicles
Buzz Chronicles
@buzz_chronicles
@SaveToBookmarks Hello! There you go! Original tweet by @AchuthArora: "@Artofphysique_ @buzz_chronicles @rattibha @SaveToBookmarks save as Workouts". Cheers! 👌

Hi! Saving all night and all day :) Original tweet by @SaveToBookmarks: "@AchuthArora @Artofphysique_ @buzz_chronicles @rattibha Aye aye, captain👮‍♀️!

I...". See You soon! 👉
ALL

You May Also Like

Ankur Patel
Ankur Patel
@AnkurPatel59
FEW USEFUL CHARTINK SCANNERS :

This Scanner will be More than Enough for any Swing / Positional Trader to find Good Stocks.

Few Important Chart ink Scanners which can help you to find Setups and boost up your Trading Account : 🧵

Do Retweet If you If it Useful

1. Momentum Stocks

This Scanner can be helpful for Short term Swing Trades . you can easily find Stocks which are in Momentum.

Stocks which are up by 20 % in 5 Days
Stocks which are up by 30 % in 30 Days
Stocks which are up by 30 % in 30 Days

2. Volume Spike

We always Look for Price and Volume Confirmation for Breakout Trading. This scanner will help you to find the Stocks Which has given a move with Good Volume . You can keep this Stock in Radar and catch the Next move in them :

3 . Reversal Scan

Stocks which are Down by 20 % + in 5 days

When Market Corrects for sometime , You can find Stocks where selling is Exhausted and they can make a Good Reversal move .

4. Reversal Scan - Stock Down continues 5 days .

If you Know the Concept of 3-5 Days move . you might catch few stocks from this scanner. Always try and Pick stocks which are in strong momentum , you have more Chances of Getting Right in Reversal Trade.
TRADING SCREENERS , TRADING SCREENER , ALL
Andrew Chen
Andrew Chen
@andrewchen
1/ new essay: What's next for marketplace startups? Reinventing the $10 trillion service economy, that's what. Co-authored with @ljin18 https://t.co/fgKbrHTnH5. A short thread 👇

2/ Marketplace startups have done incredibly well over the first few decades of the internet, reinventing the way we shop for goods, but have been less successful services. It's bc services are complex, subjective, fragmented, and often in real life. Makes it hard

3/ There's been 4 major eras at making the service economy work online. The Listings Era, the unbundled Craiglist era, the Uber for X era, and the Managed Marketplace era


4/ Each era has added more value than the last, and utilized technology innovations, from internet to social / "read/write web" to mobile. The "Unbundling Craigslist" era was particularly epic at generating startup ideas


5/ The problem is, all the low-hanging fruit has been picked off. The techniques that got us to here won't get us to the next phase. So we have to do some pretty different things. That's why "Managed Marketplaces" have been a big deal - hire folks as W-2s, certify quality, etc.
STARTUPS
Advertisement
Vibhu Vashisth \U0001f1ee\U0001f1f3
Vibhu Vashisth 🇮🇳...
@VIBHU_Tweet
MAHARAJA CHHATRASAL BUNDELA was the great Bundela King who revolted against the Mughal ruler Aurangzeb.
Chhatrasal Bundela was born in year 1649 CE in Maur Hill of Bundela region to Champat Rai and Lal Kunwar. He was the descendent of Rudra Pratap of Orchha.


His ancesters were the vassals of Mughal Emperor. He drew inspiration from his father and revolted against the alien rule of Mughals. He was just 12 yrs old when his parents died in fight against the Mughal Army of Aurangzeb in 1661.

When his beloved father attained martyrdom in the year 166, the young Chatrasal was present in the last battle of his father against the Mughal and from these valiant campaigns,..

..he gathered the courage to free Bundelkhand from Aurangzeb’s rule.
He joined the Mughals initially, and was recommended by the Rajput King Mirza Jai Singh to be recruited in the Mughal Army in order to support their Deccan Campaigns.


But serving the alien rule of Mughals which brought chaos and misery to Bundelkhand was unacceptable for Chatrasal Bundela and his father’s incessant struggle against the Mughals kept the fire of independent Bundelkhand alive in his heart.
ALL
\uc2e0\ub150\uc758\uc0ac\ub098\uc774
신념의사나이...
@Belposto_korea
What does Gold- Backed mean?
The Chinese Elders have been accumulating gold for hundreds of years. They are gold-rich. Some of their gold was loaned to the Central Banking System so that it could fund the rebuilding of Europe after the many war-torn years from World Wars I and II

BTW they never returned it but used it to start their financial empire to enslave humanity. This is the Central Bank Banking System./2

Maybe this is why one of the conditions to use their gold for the QFS is the demise and full disclosure of the Central Bank banking system before the RV can take place./3

The Elders have caves of hidden gold and are now using it to gold-back the currencies in the QFS for every country in the world. It is important to understand that the QFS and the money it is about to release is all brand-new currency./4

It was designed by the Alliance to fund the new financial system that will reset all Currencies of the world to Gold-Backed currency./5
SOCIETY
Patrick McKenzie
Patrick McKenzie
@patio11
Most software founders, particularly in B2B, need to get radically better at sales. @Steli , who is the best person for explaining the scrappy stages in the beginning and then building out a team with scripts and processes, wrote a guide to:

For technical founders it is irrationally, obscenely hard to reverse years of programming (ba dum bum) that sales is a value-destroying activity. Sales is CLEARLY a value-creating activity, contingent on you have a value-creating product.

The world will not drop what they are doing to adopt your work. This is particularly true in B2B, where simply building a better mousetrap won't overcome the activation energy required to get people with additional non-mice problems to prioritize changing mousetraps today.

This is very non-obvious for founders because founders are not often people who *want* to be sold to. We often come from a background where trying out tools is a bit of a fun hobby. We like looking at all the options, making charts, and ripping out partially complete tests.

"This week I unsuccessfully trialed four software options for automating that thing that has been killing us. Our actual production process remains the same as last week. Don't worry; this was a great use of time." is not a thing you want to write in a progress report to manager.
TECH