BC ALL
Saved by @BillyBostickson

Keep dwelling on this:
Further Examination of the Motif near PRRA Reveals Close Structural Similarity to the SEB Superantigen as well as Sequence Similarities to Neurotoxins and a Viral SAg.

 The insertion PRRA together with 7 sequentially preceding residues & succeeding R685 (conserved in β-CoVs) form a motif, Y674QTQTNSPRRAR685, homologous to those of neurotoxins from Ophiophagus (cobra) and Bungarus genera, as well as neurotoxin-like regions from three RABV strains
(20) (Fig. 2D). We further noticed that the same segment bears close similarity to the HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120 SAg motif F164 to V174.
https://t.co/EwwJOSa8RK
In (B), the segment S680PPRAR685 including the PRRA insert and highly conserved cleavage site *R685* is shown in van der Waals representation (black labels) and nearby CDR residues of the TCRVβ domain are labeled in blue/white
https://t.co/BsY8BAIzDa
Sequence Identity %
https://t.co/BsY8BAIzDa
Y674 - QTQTNSPRRA - R685
Similar to neurotoxins from Ophiophagus (cobra) & Bungarus genera & neurotoxin-like regions from three RABV strains
T678 - NSPRRA- R685
Superantigenic core, consistently aligned against bacterial or viral SAgs
Y674QTQTNSPRRAR685
Reference 21:
A nicotinic hypothesis for Covid-19
https://t.co/EWmVWI5jYr
Above all, fantastic news for chain smokers! (if true)
Keep on Puffing, Ignore the Guys in White Coats!
https://t.co/EWmVWI5jYr
Anyway, this is where Cheng et al (2020) got the neurotoxin motifs from
Superantigenic character of insert unique to SARS-CoV-2
https://t.co/EwwJOSa8RK
Reference 22 (from preprint) reveals more...
Bracci L., Ballas S. K., Spreafico A., Neri P., Molecular mimicry between the rabies virus glycoprotein and human immunodeficiency virus-1 GP120: cross-reacting antibodies induced by rabies vaccination.
https://t.co/UZbe658OGR
Something important here but I can't connect the dots
(apart from being good news for smokers...)
Maybe someone else can unravel the implications?
@Parsifaler @w_mccairn @Rossana38510044
The Rubber Policeman..
"For binding experiments, cells were harvested mechanically with a rubber policeman & centrifuged"
Binding of HIV-1 gp120 to the nicotinic receptor (1992)
https://t.co/6veoEkVbVp
Referenced in Bracci et al (1997)
https://t.co/UZbe658OGR
earliest reference to this would be in 1990 by same authors (Bracci et al)
Sequence homology between HIV gp120, rabies virus glycoprotein, and snake venom neurotoxins - Is the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor an HIV receptor?
https://t.co/XGVUNyORP3
HIV GP120 /Snake Venom/Rabies GP Neurotoxin loop confirmed
(Sönnerborg & Johansson, 1993)
The neurotoxin-like sequence of human immunodeficiency virus GP120: A comparison of sequence data from patients with and without neurological symptoms
https://t.co/s8DIeMNMmD
Some loose references I don't have time to explore now:
1. Molecular mimicry of HIV gp120 (2005) https://t.co/KzfEpbjbvk
2. McCoy cell line as a possible model containing CD4+ receptors for the study of HIV-1 replication
https://t.co/iG8NSrGrlI
Some loose references I don't have time to explore now:
3. Snake envenomation https://t.co/uJy1bi7NEU
4. Modified venom and venom components as anti-retroviral agents (PATENT)
https://t.co/VRH0gJlbqM
Loose references I don't have time to explore now:
5. Recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain rL-RVG expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein
https://t.co/31SNcPXNYJ
6. Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein
https://t.co/Ce9cAEOCQH
One way that SARS-COV-2 gets in your brain
Role of HIV gp120 in crossing blood brain barrier
Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with the Blood–Brain Barrier
https://t.co/oZWRqn5cGr
HIV-1 protein gp120 crosses the blood-brain barrier role of adsorptive endocytosis
https://t.co/9pdkqSt0xz
Jack Sim's Final Thesis before something happened to him down at the Cardiff Docks...
Final Thesis Jack Sim
In-vitro Characterisation of Targeting Ligands for
Enhanced Delivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier
https://t.co/GAURhTA376
A potential interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
https://t.co/XQ71CTh93k
Binding Confirmed Again
Simulations support the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and suggest subtype specificity
https://t.co/umDn3S549X
Above paper also here:
Simulations support the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
https://t.co/1Qg0tKg3YI
Media Review:
https://t.co/2yyYJw3zVv
1. SAg-like motif on SARS-CoV-2 spike distinguished by its high sequence- & structural-similarity to a segment of SEB.
2. SARS-CoV-2 spike may act as a superantigen to trigger the development of MIS-C as well as cytokine storm in adult COVID-19 patients
https://t.co/sXQyd7kMx5
SAg and SEB gonna get you!
COVID-19–associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C): A novel disease that mimics toxic shock syndrome—the superantigen hypothesis
https://t.co/NxmPM719VB
Can COVID-19 pandemic boost the epidemic of neurodegenerative diseases?
https://t.co/b8PssOG6my
SEB confirmed again
Smoking Break
1. What is Happening with Smokers and COVID-19?
https://t.co/wXGYU9EjAp
2. Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) and Nicotine in COVID-19 Patients
https://t.co/3oA9sWOTaU
and
https://t.co/4yGz47igy2
3. Involvement of nicotine receptors in COVID-19
https://t.co/0GtJwhu9tU
Back to the SEB Mystery - @w_mccairn @Parsifaler
Who put the Benzedrine in Mrs Murphy's Ovaltine?
Who put SAg & SEB in SARS COV-2's Spike Protein?
Note:
A monoclonal antibody against staphylococcal enterotoxin B superantigen inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry
https://t.co/x7iAVt4Zvm
Nasty, very Nasty!
But a solution is proposed...
A monoclonal antibody against staphylococcal enterotoxin B superantigen inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry in vitro
https://t.co/x7iAVt4Zvm
and
https://t.co/NgZ7aNd2KS
A nice summary of the issue of mimicry between HIV-1 gp120, Rabies Glycoprotein, Snake Neurotoxin, as well as the role of Nicotinic Receptors, hence smoking as prophylaxis:

Molecular mimicry between rabies virus glycoprotein & HIV-1 GP120
https://t.co/Ahp5mE27uI
This concept has even evolved into a vaccine
A Novel Vaccine Employing Non-Replicating Rabies Virus Expressing Chimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Domains: Functional Inhibition of Viral/Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Complexes
https://t.co/Zp6gHLPE1x
Superantigens and Long Covid?
Persistent SARS-2 infections contribute to long COVID-19
https://t.co/R5UI7pOynJ
For the Curious:
Dampened Bat Immune System Interferon Response?
Let's finish with a question:
Why COVID-19 Transmission Is More Efficient and Aggressive Than Viral Transmission in Previous Coronavirus Epidemics?
https://t.co/yNTOP9Lf37
Good Luck with finding the answers!
Serial passage is likely a factor in this issue, as @Harvard2H pointed out:
https://t.co/9iQQBiUjaS
References 145, 146 & 147 for the curious:
https://t.co/yNTOP9Lf37
Host resistance influences patterns of experimental viral adaptation
https://t.co/gnLm32z0G6

More from Billy Bostickson 🏴👁&👁 🆓

Billy Bostickson \U0001f3f4\U0001f441&\U0001f441 \U0001f193
Billy Bostickson 🏴👁&👁 ...
@BillyBostickson
1. WIV Research groups (archived pages) for Reference
dsRNA viruses molecular biology

https://t.co/lwrQoo6ygG


2. Emerging Viruses Group

https://t.co/ND56gVGOAn


3. Structural Biology of Viral Genome Replication
https://t.co/wUqc0YIP3X


4. Molecular Biology of hepatitis Viruses & Gene Therapy
https://t.co/snBbxkhNsC


5. Insect Virus Genetic Engineering Lab
https://t.co/S68mVOA2Ob
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Billy Bostickson \U0001f3f4\U0001f441&\U0001f441 \U0001f193
Billy Bostickson 🏴👁&👁 ...
@BillyBostickson
1. Messy Thread exploring connections between
@DARPA @doddtra PREDICT & @EcoHealthNYC
What happened to FLIRT?
https://t.co/wgttFlgcP1
EcoHealth Alliance analyzed all airports in the US by assessing how often passengers trickle in from areas with confirmed cases of Zika virus.

2. “I believe this is something that people should know,” said Andrew Huff, vice-president of group, who oversees efforts to forecast the spread of infectious diseases. “If you know where an infectious disease is, you can take precautions.”
Andrew Huff used to run their database


3. Andrew Huff
https://t.co/yqP8NbiN5X
Data papers:
https://t.co/mCdcAMTHNW
FLIRT (Zika)
https://t.co/MyUM3mt6c3
MANTLE https://t.co/dBsFAixRXv
MANTLE

4. GRITS and EcoHealth Alliance and DTRA
Global Disease Warning Software - May 28, 2015
EcoHealth Alliance and its Partners Create Biosurveillance Application with $2.2 million grant from the DTRA to continue the development of disease warning software

Global Rapid Identification Tool System (GRITS) software developed with ProMED, International Society for Infectious Disease, & Kitware
Biosurveillance app that enables infectious disease analysts to monitor textual data sources for infectious disease threats in near real time.
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Billy Bostickson \U0001f3f4\U0001f441&\U0001f441 \U0001f193
Billy Bostickson 🏴👁&👁 ...
@BillyBostickson
Zhengli Shi and Deyin Guo in 2015
Coronavirus nsp10/nsp16 Methyltransferase Can Be Targeted by nsp10-Derived Peptide In Vitro and In Vivo To Increase or Decrease Replication and Pathogenesis
https://t.co/YMlsqFOvZp


Deyin Guo 2016:
Molecular mechanisms of coronavirus RNA capping and methylation
https://t.co/xdEU5goLB6


Deyin Guo 2012
Short peptides derived from the interaction domain of SARS coronavirus nonstructural protein nsp10 can suppress the 2′-O-methyltransferase activity of nsp10/nsp16 complex
https://t.co/x30jPYFDTa


Deyin Guo 2013
Structure-function Analysis of SARS Coronavirus RNA Cap Guanine-N7 Methyltransferase.
https://t.co/NG57b85hcs


Deyin Guo 2016
Identification and Characterization of a Ribose 2’-O-Methyltransferase Encoded by the Ronivirus Branch of Nidovirales
https://t.co/zZ5V7erseD
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Billy Bostickson \U0001f3f4\U0001f441&\U0001f441 \U0001f193
Billy Bostickson 🏴👁&👁 ...
@BillyBostickson
1. "Everything starts here, everything disappears from here, & the South China Seafood Market will become clean!"
Interesting Chinese report about the South China Seafood Market & WCDC's pathogen Lab at 288 Machang Road which makes many insinuations yet has not been censored
yet


2. "I'm here for the second time to take samples!" Shi Zhengli, a researcher at the Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, appeared at the South China Seafood Market at 17:00 on March 3. On the same day, she and her team took two boxes of samples.


3. Shi Zhengli collects samples from the market to study environmental survival of the coronavirus
"It's not easy to come once" ;)
"Compared with CCDC we have taken much fewer samples, & findings are the same as their results
"They found more than we found, & we found nothing"


4. March the 3rd - 5th - The WCDC "Killing Teams" Arrive


5. "The Thin Lady"
Faced with doubts, on Feb 2, Shi Zhengli declared:
"I, Shi Zhengli, bet my life, it has nothing to do with our laboratory."
Her "statement" was widely questioned.
As of March 3, doubts were still flying, & Zhengli's appearance at the Market was eye-catching.
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Billy Bostickson \U0001f3f4\U0001f441&\U0001f441 \U0001f193
Billy Bostickson 🏴👁&👁 ...
@BillyBostickson
November 3 - 9, 2019 -Wuhan Institute of Virology
International Training Course on Biosafety Laboratory Management and Technology
1. Daniel Feakes, head of UN Biological Weapons Convention implementation support agency
2. René Courcol, quality control system expert, France's BSL


List of Lecturers with short bios at
November 3 - 9, WIV Training Course: https://t.co/Bsd9yO40JP
YUAN Zhiming Professor, Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS (Deputy Director)
SONG Donglin, Professor, Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS ( Deputy Director of Wuhan BSL-4 Laboratory.)

Dr. TONG Xiao Senior Engineer at WIV (Molecular Virology & (HIV) infection, mechanical & vaccine immunology) On-site Manager & Chief engineer for WIV BSL-4 Lab construction, maintenance & biosafety equipment R&D.

Zhengli Shi, Director of WIV Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, now in charge of scientific activity in BSL3 & BSL4. Viral pathogen discovery through sequencing techniques, wildlife-borne viral pathogens, particularly bat-borne viruses since 2004.

DENG Fei, Principle Investigator in Research Group on Viruses Resources & Biotechnology in WIV, also Director of Microorganisms & Viruses Resource Center.
Graduate of ECUST, went to Great Lakes Forestry Center, Canada in 2001 & Wageningen University, NL to study baculovirus.
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Jaya_Upadhyaya
Jaya_Upadhyaya
@Jayalko1
NARHARI AND BHAGWAN PANDURANG/VITTHAL

Once a goldsmith by the name of Narhari lived in Pandharpur. He excelled in his craft. He had vowed not to look at Pandurang or visit his mandir ever, as he was a Shiva Bhakt.
One day, a wealthy merchant visited him.


He wanted a gold girdle studded with precious gems, to be made for Prabhu Vitthal. Narhari refused to make it as it was for Vitthal.
After many requests, he agreed to make the girdle but asked the merchant to bring the measurement from the mandir as he himself would not go there


The measurement was given n he made the girdle. When the girdle was put on Vitthal, it was loose. Narhari had to shorten it. Now the girdle became tight. So Narhari was forced to take measurement on his own. He had to go to the mandir but went blindfolded to avoid seeing Vitthal


In the Mandir, when blindfolded Narhari touched Vitthal, he felt as if he was touching Shiva with matted hair, the moon, snake in His neck and Trishul in His hand. Ecstatic with joy, he removed the blindfold to see Shiva but he found the murti of Vitthal with Rukmini there.


He realised the truth that there was no difference between Vitthal and Shiva. Narhari at once fell at the feet of Panduranga. He then took the measurement of the waist of Vitthal and this time the ornament fit the Murti perfectly.

Narayan Hari🙏🏻
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Sahil
Sahil
@sahilypatel
Want to do an MBA for free ?

A thread 👇

1) Leadership: Foundations of Teamwork and Leadership

School: wharton

2) Marketing: Marketing Management

School: wharton

3) Microeconomics: Microeconomics for Managers

School:

4) Financial Theory

School:
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Vibhu Vashisth
Vibhu Vashisth
@VIBHU_Tweet
MAHARAANI TARARANI: THE QUEEN OF MARATHAS

Rani Tarabai was the brave daughter-in-law of Chhatrapati Shivaji and one of the greatest medieval Monarchs India ever had.
She was born in 1675 to one of the bravest commander-in-chiefs of Shivaji's Army named Hambir Rao Mohite.


Tarabai was just 8yrs old when she was married to Shivaji's younger son, Rajaram. Mughals and Marathas were constantly at war with each other. Shivaji was crowned the ruler of the Independent Maratha Swarajya in 1674 which was established by him.


However,the great leader died in 1680&the Maratha Samrajya went into a complete&total chaos.Marathas saw some very tough times ahead. In 1689,when Raigad Fort fell to the Mughal Army of over 15000,Shivaji's first wife Saibai and his elder son Sambhaji were captured&put to death.


Sambhaji's wife and son Shahu were taken prisoners to the Mughal court. During the same battle, Shivaji's second son Rajaram(Tarabai's husband) , who was the heir to the throne now, managed to escape using a disguise. He made his way to the Gingee Fort in Tamil Nadu.


Mughal General Zulfikar Khan, however, followed them to Gingee laying siege to the Gingee Fort. From 1690-1698,This was the longest siege by a Mughal Army of any Fort which stands testimony to the military and diplomatic credentials of Rani Tarabai.
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Stanis\u0142aw \u017baryn
Stanisław Żaryn...
@StZaryn
In the last couple of days Russian propaganda has published a lot of content alleging that Poland staged provocations against the Nord Stream 2 pipeline. The content in question has employed narratives in use by the Kremlin in its influence activities against Poland. 1/6

Pattern no. 1
Articles posted to Russian websites pick up false accusations against the Poles. These include bogus claims that Poland sabotaged the construction site of the Russia-to-Germany gas link and carried out a direct attack on the pipeline. 2/6


Pattern no. 2
Some of the articles warn that the Kremlin may take retaliatory actions against Poland. Based on false accusations thrown by Russia, the Kremlin’s propaganda amplifies the calls by some journalists and contributors to embark on aggressive activities against PL. 3/6


Pattern no. 3
The Russian media outlets publish a lot of materials that mock the Polish Navy. The narratives that denigrate this component of the Polish Armed Forces are based on opinions and quotes by single Polish Internet users. 4/6


These information warfare efforts aim to:

- solidify false accusations made against Poland

- threaten the Polish society with a potential response by Russia

- weaken the morale of the Polish soldiers and undermine the image of the army 5/6
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Save To Bookmarks \uea00
Save To Bookmarks ...
@SaveToBookmarks
@buzz_chronicles @AchuthArora @OllieEmberson @rattibha No more missed tweet 😉!

I saved this tweet for you.

You must register on savetobookmarks .com in order to access and manage your bookmarks.
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I had the most bizarre experience outside of a bar yesterday, which my partner very aptly described as "toxic mask-unlinity." (A Thread.)

I was standing outside, waiting for a lyft to get home, when two cis men came out of the bar to smoke cigarettes. They're discussing the masks that folks are wearing in California at the moment because of the very dangerous air pollution from the fires happening.

I happen to be wearing one of those masks, because I think lungs are important and I like breathing. I dunno. One of the men notices me standing there, and says, "Like this f*cker right here. What is this shit?"

He goes on a homophobic rant about me, the pansy with a mask, and what a Very Manly Man he is because he's not afraid to smoke a pack of cigarettes while California is on fire. He doesn't need a mask, because something-something-heterosexual-something.

And part of me is just... impressed by the fact that this dude thinks he's Owning The Gay Libs by not wearing a mask to protect his lungs from smoke and particles in the air that are literally DANGEROUS... while chain-smoking. Outside of a bar.
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Joe Rogan's podcast is now is listened to 1.5+ billion times per year at around $50-100M/year revenue.

Independent and 100% owned by Joe, no networks, no middle men and a 100M+ people audience.

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https://t.co/RywAiBxA3s

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120 million plays per month source https://t.co/k7L1LfDdcM


https://t.co/aGcYnVDpMu
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dan spaceman
dan spaceman
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I'm gonna do my other star wars thread tomorrow, which will primarily be me yelling at a @RowanKaiser-shaped strawman for calling the First Order and The Resistance "cosplayers who the rest of the galaxy has to deal with"

the deal w/the New Republic, the First Order, and the Resistance is very weird and complex and I actually take issue with how Story Group frames the actual conflict.

pre-TFA stuff is presented as a "cold war" between the New Republic and the remnants of the Empire that form the First Order, which 100% makes sense.

But they frame the First Order's attack on the Hosnian system and the subsequent battle that takes place across TFA and TLJ as a full on war when it's very clearly a coup. A war implies at least equal standing, but the First Order completely wrecks shop and takes over the galaxy.

ok never mind I'm fucking doing this now.

The First Order fleet we see in TLJ is *not* the entire fleet of the First Order (I don't even think Starkiller Base was their main base of operations honestly, it couldn't have been considering they were operating out of Wild Space)
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Cookie Cyboid
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“Why are Tumblr and Facebook cracking down on sex so much? And why is Facebook in so over zealous about it? It’s all Apples fault!” Etc etc

I can explain all. It is largely the fault of a set of US laws called SESTA and FOSTA.
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