The top recommendation of experts & election-protection groups to protect the 2020 election had been to conduct robust manual election audits using a reliable paper trail. But Rs blocked the SAFE Act which wld have required them. -@jennycohn1 4 @nybooks 1/

2/ “America’s preeminent election-auditing expert, @philipbstark, ...told me a few weeks ago that “only a few jurisdictions currently audit elections in a way that has a good chance of catching and correcting wrong reported outcomes.“
3/ “‘That requires a trustworthy paper trail—primarily hand-marked paper ballots kept demonstrably secure throughout the election and the audit—and [what is known as] a risk-limiting audit using that paper trail,’” Stark said.
4/ Stark added, “‘to the best of my knowledge, even those states only audit a few contests in each election.’” 😳
5/ “A report by the National Conference of State Legislators confirms that just three states (Colorado, Rhode Island, and Virginia) require risk-limiting audits for one or more races.”
6/ And Virginia’s election audit will be conducted after election results are certified when it may be too late to correct an incorrect official outcome.
Despite an 11th hour “software update” to Georgia’s already troubled new voting system, @GASecofState “claims that voters can have confidence bc it will conduct election audits starting in November. But..the state plans to audit just one race, chosen by [him], not at random.” 7/
“Meanwhile, public officials and voting-machine vendors historically have not always been forthcoming with the public about the extent of security weaknesses and breaches.” 8/
“In August 2016, according to David Shimer’s book Rigged, ‘the U.S. Intelligence community had reported that Russian hackers could edit actual vote tallies, according to four of Obama’s senior advisors.’” 9/
“But the only government official who publicly alluded to this possibility was then Senate minority leader Harry Reid.“ 10/
“On August 29, 2016, Reid published a letter he’d sent to then FBI director James Comey in which he said the threat of Russian interference ‘is more extensive than is widely known and may include the intent to falsify official election results.’” 11/
“Reid has said that he believes vote tallies were changed in 2016. According to Rigged, ‘Obama’s leading advisors dismissed Reid’s theory, with a catch: they could not rule it out.’” 12/
“James Clapper, Obama’s director of national intelligence, told Shimer: ‘We saw no evidence of interference in voter tallying, not to say that there wasn’t, we just didn’t see any evidence.’” 13/
“According to Rigged, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) did not have independent surveillance abilities and just thirty-six local election offices had let them assess the security of their voting systems before the 2016 election.“ 14/
“In January 2017, the DHS confirmed that it had conducted no forensic analysis to verify that vote tallies weren’t altered.” 15/
“In June 2017, it again confirmed that it had conducted no such forensic analysis and did not intend to do so.” 16/
In 2018, @RonWyden said that “‘As far as I can tell, no systematic post-election forensic examination of these voting machines took place. Whatever the reason for this failure to act, this administration cannot afford to repeat the mistakes of 2016.’” 17/
“In January this year, the FBI announced a ‘change of policy,’ whereby it will alert state election officials of local election system breaches. It has not explained why it lacked such a policy previously.“ 18/
“Nor has it committed to informing the public of breaches even after investigations have concluded.” 19/
“Heading into this election, election security activists are seeking to counteract this lack of transparency regarding the electronic aspects of our election system.” 20/
“https://t.co/PlIMRL05B0 (a group I cofounded), https://t.co/jEQafnOcGs, & Transparent Elections NC are all organizing volunteers to photograph precinct totals—as shown on precinct poll tapes—after polls close, & then compare them w/ the official...totals 4 those precincts.” 21/
“Although these comparisons cannot detect hacking of precinct tallies, a discrepancy between precinct totals and reported totals could indicate hacking or other problems involving the county central tabulators.” 22/
“In late 2015, a poll tape analysis conducted by @BenniejSmith, an election commissioner in Shelby County, TN, revealed that votes had disappeared from voting machines serviced and maintained by ES&S in predominantly African-American precincts...” 23/
“The Republican county election administrator, Richard Holden, who had previously been investigated by the FBI, abruptly retired after Bloomberg reported the incident. A wave of electoral victories by African-American Democratic candidates for county office soon followed.” 24/
“This was a striking change from Holden’s six-year tenure, during which Republicans had twice swept nearly all countywide races.” 25/ 😳
“Another organization to which I belong, https://t.co/fJXqJsFFZe, will document live reported vote totals at crucial states’ county websites to capture evidence of any anomalies, such as vanishing votes.” 26/
“NVRTF’s software program will automatically capture screenshots of the reported [election] results every 15 minutes. (The citizen task force is STILL SEEKING VOLUNTEERS to assist w/ this aptly named “Watch the Counties” [election security] project.)” https://t.co/OiIz5dg8gZ 27/
28/ “Elsewhere... @ScrutineersUS does voter education work that includes various election transparency projects.” https://t.co/qLabTTeeW3
“One such project, called Ask the Voters, aims to conduct postelection affidavit audits of precincts or small counties with anomalous results.” https://t.co/jWGNcg8EtG 29/
“The Columbus Institute for Contemporary Journalism has sent requests to every county in seven states (FL, MI, Ohio, PA, WI, AZ, and NC) to obtain detailed information about the election equipment they are using and who specifically is programming it.” 30/ https://t.co/2FbGU7TlqD
“In addition, most digital scanners in use today automatically create images of the paper ballots, which can be used by the public to compare against electronic totals.“ 31/
“Unfortunately, many election officials erase them, but at this election, Audit USA and Citizens Oversight are leading an effort to obtain these [ballot] images and compare them with official election results.” 32/ https://t.co/hLMx1NLqiG

More from Jennifer Cohn ✍🏻 📢

IMO, the #SAFEAct is better on election security than HR1 bc it wld ban most touchscreen voting machines currently available. HR1 wld allow them as a primary in person system bc vendors call the paper they spit out a “paper ballot.” Pen & paper is safer #HandMarkedPaperBallots 1/


I have not looked at other aspects of HR1. It addresses more than election security. The #SAFEAct shld be the starting point for election security reform in my opinion. 2/

HR1 requires that all voters have the option to mark their ballots by hand. But it does not specify that, for jurisdictions with in person voting, the hand marked (pen & paper) option must be available for in person voting (vs it only being an option w/ vote by mail). 3/

HR1 may still be a good start. But it does not go nearly far enough on election security. Here are my suggestions for election security. Maybe these could be addressed in a later bill, but we shld keep them on our radar. 4/ https://t.co/mNdHrvwHcN


The key section is 1502. IMO, it shld add the following. “For jurisdictions that offer in person voting, the option to mark a paper ballot by hand must be offered at the in-person polling location; giving this option only for vote by mail won’t suffice for such jurisdictions.” 5/
Good news! The New York State Board of Elections voted yesterday to REJECT certification of ES&S’s ExpressVote XL all-in-one barcode ballot marking device (BMD), a glitchy & hackable touchscreen that ES&S has hoped officials would stupidly buy in lieu of pen and paper. 1/


I’m still trying to find out @NYSBOE’s reasoning, but I know one problem was that the ExpressVote XL runs on Windows 7 and can only mark ballots in English. If the XL were a person, it would be a MAGA. 2/

The XL has other problems. It runs the barcode “paper ballot” back under the printout AFTER the voter reviews it, which experts say means it could be maliciously programmed to eff with the barcode that is the only part of the “paper ballot” counted as your vote. 3/

Unfortunately, Philadelphia did choose the ES&S ExpressVote XL all-in-one ballot marking device (BMD), ignoring expert advice. I wrote about that unfortunate decision here in 2019. 4/

Here, for @NYRBooks, I also discuss problems involving the ES&S ExpressVote XL in PA in 2019. ES&S lobbyists had secretly donated to the two decision makers who then chose this system in Philly in lieu of #HandMarkedPaperBallots (pen & paper). 5/
This analogy is unfair. In 04, exit polls suggested Kerry had won, and the Bush administration itself had helped fund exit polls in Ukraine that year & supported a Ukrainian election re-do based in part based on the exit polls. In 2020, exit polls favored Biden, not Trump. 1/


2/ US State Dept commentary re the 2004 election in Ukraine and the discrepancy between the exit polls (which suggested a pro-West Yuschenko victory) and official results (which suggested a pro-Russia Yanukovych victory).

3/ The 2004 election in Ukraine was re-done and produced the opposite result, consistent with the exit polls.

4/ Exit polls in the US around the same time as Ukraine’s 2004 election suggested a solid Kerry victory. Voters had every reason to question why the Bush administration considered exit polls reliable in Ukraine but not in the US at the same time. https://t.co/SwUPeRnGtf


Discussion of Ohio 2004. 5/

More from Politics

This idea - that elections should translate into policy - is not wrong at all. But political science can help explain why it's not working this way. There are three main explanations: 1. mandates are constructed, not automatic, 2. party asymmetry, 3. partisan conpetition 1/


First, party/policy mandates from elections are far from self-executing in our system. Work on mandates from Dahl to Ellis and Kirk on the history of the mandate to mine on its role in post-Nixon politics, to Peterson Grossback and Stimson all emphasize that this link is... 2/

Created deliberately and isn't always persuasive. Others have to convinced that the election meant a particular thing for it to work in a legislative context. I theorized in the immediate period of after the 2020 election that this was part of why Repubs signed on to ...3/

Trump's demonstrably false fraud nonsense - it derailed an emerging mandate news cycle. Winners of elections get what they get - institutional control - but can't expect much beyond that unless the perception of an election mandate takes hold. And it didn't. 4/

Let's turn to the legislation element of this. There's just an asymmetry in terms of passing a relief bill. Republicans are presumably less motivated to get some kind of deal passed. Democrats are more likely to want to do *something.* 5/

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MDZS is laden with buddhist references. As a South Asian person, and history buff, it is so interesting to see how Buddhism, which originated from India, migrated, flourished & changed in the context of China. Here's some research (🙏🏼 @starkjeon for CN insight + citations)

1. LWJ’s sword Bichen ‘is likely an abbreviation for the term 躲避红尘 (duǒ bì hóng chén), which can be translated as such: 躲避: shunning or hiding away from 红尘 (worldly affairs; which is a buddhist teaching.) (
https://t.co/zF65W3roJe) (abbrev. TWX)

2. Sandu (三 毒), Jiang Cheng’s sword, refers to the three poisons (triviṣa) in Buddhism; desire (kāma-taṇhā), delusion (bhava-taṇhā) and hatred (vibhava-taṇhā).

These 3 poisons represent the roots of craving (tanha) and are the cause of Dukkha (suffering, pain) and thus result in rebirth.

Interesting that MXTX used this name for one of the characters who suffers, arguably, the worst of these three emotions.

3. The Qian kun purse “乾坤袋 (qián kūn dài) – can be called “Heaven and Earth” Pouch. In Buddhism, Maitreya (मैत्रेय) owns this to store items. It was believed that there was a mythical space inside the bag that could absorb the world.” (TWX)