BC HISTORY
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The BATTLE OF PAVAN KHIND (13 July 1660)

300 MARATHAS against 10000+ ADIL SHAHI TROOPS

A Sparta style last man stand at a mountain pass which ensured Shivaji Maharaj's safety.

Valour, loyalty and sacrifice!

 Baji Prabhu Deshpande was one of the most able lieutenants of Shivaji. He sacrificed his life defending Shivaji in a heroic last stand known as the "Battle of Pavan Khind" in which his force was hugely outnumbered.(1)
In this battle he became a martyr, but managed to halt the enemy forces for several hours, which secured Shivaji’s safety and victory on another front. Without this heroic last stand Shivaji’s glorious career may have been cut short.(2)
Baji Prabhu was senior to Shivaji. In the beginning he opposed Shivaji being from a rival Maratha clan, but realised that Shivaji stood for national resurgence. Henceforth he became a friend and loyal supporter of Shivaji.(3)
In 1660, Shivaji was trapped in the fort of Panhala, under siege and vastly outnumbered by an Adilshahi army led by general Siddhi Jauhar.(4)
Marathas thought that as soon as monsoon comes they can break the seige from inside and outside as mountains of Sahyadri turn non negotiable in the rainy season.(5)
Jauhar turned out to be difficult enemy. He managed to tighten the siege on the fort of Panhala. The commander in chief of Maratha forces, Netaji Palkar known as Prati (2nd) Shivaji tried and initiated attacks from outside to break the siege but was repulsed.(6)
Failure of Netaji was big setback. Jauhar was tightening his grip with every passing moment.(7)
Months passed but there was no sign of the siege weakening. Maharaj decided to secretly break out of the siege using stealth manoeuvres and proceed towards the fort of Vishalgarh via the narrow path of Ghod Khind.(8)
Message was sent to Jauhar that Maharaj himself will come to negotiate terms of surrender.(9)
Shivaji had inflicted major defeats upon the Adil Shahis in the past, and they were determined to get even with him.(10)
The Adilshahis were often at enmity with the M0ghuls, but in this case they were aligned with the joint purpose of crushing Shivaji. A second front was going to be opened by the M0ghuls anytime.(11)
The Adil Shahi ruler at that time was Ali Adil Shah II. The fort of Vishalgarh, which was administered by a Maratha chieftain Narayan Orpe, who had pledged allegiance to the Adilshahis, but struck an agreement to switch sides and join Shivaji.(12)
There was also a M0ghul garrison stationed at Vishalgarh which Shivaji would have to defeat.(13)
Shivaji, Baji Prabhu and around 600 of their best troops, hardened mountaineers planned to escape past the Adilshahi troops at night. Shiva Kashid, a trusted soldier of Shivaji, volunteered to dress like Maharaj and get captured on the pretext of signing a truce.(14)
It was expected that this move would buy some time, before Jauhar realises his error and gives chase.(15)
Shivaji made his escape on the night of July 13th, with a small contingent of troops. Baji Prabhu was 2nd in command. The Adilshahis gave hot and rapid pursuit after a tip off that the real Shivaji has escaped with an army of around 10,000.(16)
In the meantime Jauhar eliminated Shiva Kashid who was pretending to be Maharaj.(17)
It was clear that there was no way to shake off the enemy, and that the Marathas would not simultaneously prevail over both the Moghul garrison at Vishalgarh and the chasing Adilshahi army.(18)
The only option was for a section of the Marathas to stay back and fight the larger Adilshahi forces, while the rest of the Marathas would carry on.(19)
Shivaji decided that this was inevitable. Shivaji wanted to fight himself but his generals asked him not to and move towards safety.(20)
Baji Prabhu took the onus of facing the troops of Bijapur with half of the contingent. Baji Prabhu would wait to hear the cannon fire from Vishalgarh (the destination fort), as a signal of Shivaji’s safety.(21)
The strategic position of Ghod Khind (Horse Pass), a mountain pass was chosen for the defence. It was very narrow and only a few soldiers could pass at one time. This mountain pass was in the vicinity of Vishalgarh fort, near Kolhapur.(22)
Baji Prabhu occupied Ghod Khind, blocking the path of the pursuers, and made a determined stand against them. He knew the great importance of his task. He had to protect his king.(23)
He resolved to stand until the last man. The Adilshahi army repeatedly tried to break through the defenses of the pass, but were constantly repulsed.(24)
The battle raged for hours, with the defenders clinging on to their positions, although rapidly depleting in numbers. Only a handful of Marathas survived, and around over a thousand soldiers of the Adilshahi army were slain.(25)
5 hours after the battle commenced, the cannon fire announced Shivaji’s safety at Vishalgarh. Hundreds of valiant Marathas had by then laid down their lives. Baji Prabhu who was fatally wounded also succumbed to his injuries.(26)
Shivaji’s plan was successful. Having made his way to Vishalgarh, Range Narayan Orpe switched sides and the combined Maratha forces easily surprised and routed the M0ghul garrison situated there. This time maharaj fought.(27)
Baji Prabhu had earned them a breather before the Adilshahi forces arrived which had carried on chasing Shivaji to Vishalgarh. The Marathas repulsed the Adilshahis again inflicting heavy losses upon the latter.(28)
Baji Prabhu went down in joy that he had done his duty. So did his fellow generals and soldiers. They became a part of glorious Hindu history. Shivaji burst in sorrow upon knowing what happened.(29)
The defence of the pass of Ghor Khind by 300 Marathas led by Baji Prabhu was renamed “Pavan Khind” which means “The Sacred Pass”. Sacred because of sacrifice of martyrs.(30)

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Suhas S. Hardutt
Suhas S. Hardutt
@HarduttSuhas
The story of Indian Legion or Legion Freies Indien

Netaji's lost army.

An army which was assembled to win India's freedom eventually fading somewhere in the pages of history. They were our bravehearts who dreamt of an independent India.
Jai Hind ki sena!

(Elaborate Thread)


Raised in Germany, this force never found its place in the hall of fame like the Indian National Army (INA). The Indian legion became tainted due to its association with the German army. Soon the legion was cornered by allies and French resistance.(1)


The survivors who made it to India never received the recognition which troopers of INA did. When netaji arrived in Berlin on April 3, 1941, the Germans wanted to weaken the British and welcomed him given his status as a pan India leader.(2)


The Germans recognised a provisional "independent India govt" in exile under netaji. They also promised him an army to help liberate India. The British Indian army prisoners of war captured from Rommels north Africa campaign were the nucleus of the this army.(3)


The legion would have acted as a pathfinder force for the planned German campaign into India. This seemed feasible as Rommel’s Afrika Korps was sweeping across north Africa with west Asia as the next target.(4)
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Suhas S. Hardutt
Suhas S. Hardutt
@HarduttSuhas
THE BATTLE OF PRATAPGARH (10 Nov, 1659)

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj's impeccable military genius and matchless courage humbled the Adil Shahi Sultanate.

The beginning of what was to come later for the M0ghuls from one of the most indefatigable defenders of Dharma!

(Thread)


Shivaji’s growing influence in Maval region, made him a threat to the Adil Shahi ruler of Bijapur who sought to restrain him. The man who was given the responsibility of this mission, was their commander, Afzal Khan. Afzal was a formidable warrior known for his ruthlessness.(1)

His strategy was to bring Shivaji out into the plains, where he held an advantage, compared to the rocky Deccan terrain. Afzal attacked the holy town of Pandharpur, and later demolished the temple of Bhavani at Tuljapur to instigate Shivaji in a bid to bring him out.(2)

Shivaji was angry but remained patient. Knowing that he could not defeat Bijapuri Sultanate in an open battle, Shivaji moved to Pratapgarh fort, located on rocky heights, surrounded by thick forests of Jawali.(3)

This set the pattern for future Maratha attacks, using guerrilla warfare against larger invading armies rendering them ineffective in unfavorable terrain.(4)
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Suhas S. Hardutt
Suhas S. Hardutt
@HarduttSuhas
Chennakeshava Temple, Somanathapura, Karnataka.

This temple, not to be confused with the Belur Chennakeshava temple, was built during the Hoysala period by a Hoysala general named Dandanayaka Somanatha. The temple dedicated to lord Vishnu was consecrated in 1258.


Dandanayaka Somanatha established a village named Somanathapura on the banks of river Kaveri. He sought the permission of King Narasimha III, to begin construction of a grand temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu that would also showcase the might of Hoysalas.(1)


The temple rests on a high star shaped platform (jagati) with 3 sanctums (garbha griha) making it a trikuta, set in a square matrix oriented along the east west and north south axes.(2)


The western sanctum is dedicated to Kesava, the northern sanctum to Janardhana and the southern sanctum to Venugopala, all are forms of lord Vishnu.(3)


The sanctums share a common community hall (sabha mandapa) with many pillars. Above each of these sanctums rise the 16 pointed star shaped tower called vimana or shikara.(4)
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Suhas S. Hardutt
Suhas S. Hardutt
@HarduttSuhas
WHEN GH0RI TOOK TO HIS HEELS WHILST FIGHTING A HINDU QUEEN

THE BATTLE OF KASAHRADA (Kayadara)
1178 AD

Strategy! Bravado! Glory!

(Thread)


The narrative set by left historians about one of their favorite poster boys "Gh0ri" is that he went unchallenged upon entering the Indian subcontinent with one king falling after another.(1)

They conveniently deleted this event. Why? An agenda aimed at making us feel weak and inferior against the invaders in an attempt to glorify them. Simple strategy: To destroy a civilization tamper their history.(2)

Gh0ri defeated Prithviraj Chauhan at the 2nd Battle of Tarain in 1192 and laid the foundation of Delhi Sultanate. What is not well known is the fact that 14 years before he won this battle, he was defeated by the queen of Gujarat "Naiki Devi"!(3)

In 1173 Md Gh0ri had conquered the Ghaznavids in Afghanistan. A ruthless, persistent and deceptive Gh0ri was successful in conducting massive raids deep inside Indian territory.(4)
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Suhas S. Hardutt
Suhas S. Hardutt
@HarduttSuhas
FRANCIS XAVIER and THE GOA INQUISITION

A classic case of tampered history resulting in a Stockholm syndrome.

(Thread)


Francis Xavier was a Jesuit missionary who was sent to Indian colonies of Portugal by King Joao III of Portugal on a mission to convert Indians to xtianity.(1)

Francis landed in Goa, on 6th May 1542. Before his arrival, 2 Portuguese governors, Minguel Vaz and Diago Borba, had begun a Portuguese state sponsored pogrom for conversion of the native Hindu populationand carrying out large scale demolitions of Hindu temples.(2)

Francis worked hard at converting native Hindus to Christianity. He manifested a deep distrust for Hindus and described them as "pagans" and ‘idolators’.His contempt towards Hindus and Hindu faith is reflected in his own writings in several places.(3)

From his compilation "The letters and instructions of Francis Xavier"(4)
HISTORY

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You think the Gamestop short squeeze is the greatest ever? Not. Even. Close.

This is the story of Piggly Wiggly and one man taking on Wall Street ALONE.

Buckle up, because this is one of the craziest stories in investment history.

It all started in 1919 when a man by the name of Clarence Saunders invented the first modern supermarket—Piggly Wiggly stores.

Before this time, people had to go into a store, give the clerk a shopping list, and then wait for their items to be gathered and brought out.

Saunders changed all that when he created a retail self-service market where people could pick the items themselves and pay on the way out.

People loved the idea so much that within 3 years there were over 1,200 Piggly Wiggly stores in the U.S.

With this success, Saunders began licensing the Piggly Wiggly name out to other retailers.

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We will likely never be able to establish with certainty the identity of the two Black men painted by Rembrandt. There are no documents found, linking the painting to individuals. But we can make a reasoned guess. #BlackHistoryMonth #day20 #rembrandt #identification


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painting, then we can assume that the two men
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Paul Warburg attended as the American representative, at the Treaty of Versailles conference, where his brother Max was on the German side of the bargaining table…. Before World War II, Max Warburg served on the board of directors of I.G. Farben, the giant German chemical firm.
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#3/thread on Angkor wat

Christianity and islam may be the largest religion of today’s world but Sanatan dharm has the largest religious monument in the world in the form of Angkor wat. It is situated in combodia and spread across over 400 acres / 1.6 km².


It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992, which encouraged an international effort to save the complex.
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So Angkor Wat means "Temple City". Its original name was Vrah Vishnuloka or Parama Vishnuloka, meaning the sacred dwelling of Vishnu in Sanskrit.
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Angkor Wat was initially designed and constructed in the first half of the 12th century, during the reign of Suryavarman II, as the king’s state temple and capital city. It was built without the aid of any machinery, as there was no machinery available at that time.


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There’s nothing in the Agile Manifesto or Principles that states you should never have any idea what you’re trying to build.

You’re allowed to think about a desired outcome from the beginning.

It’s not Big Design Up Front if you do in-depth research to understand the user’s problem.

It’s not BDUF if you spend detailed time learning who needs this thing and why they need it.

It’s not BDUF if you help every team member know what success looks like.

Agile is about reducing risk.

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It’s not Agile if you don’t research.

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Drawing every screen and every pixel is BDUF.

Promising functionality (or delivery dates) to customers before development starts is BDUF.

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