1/10. Several clinical trials have shown that the mean nasal mucociliary clearance is negatively and significantly affected by cigarette smoking (PMIDs: 24669080, 3787531, 23615315,

@ChaunceyGardner 2/10. Ciliary beat frequency is also significantly affected by smoking habit. A reduced nasal ciliary beat frequency was observed among smoking individuals in a cohort study performed in a British urban population (PMID: 9669071).
@ChaunceyGardner 3/10. In vitro, using human 3D epithelial cultures, cigarette smoke affects the cilia beat frequency in nasal and bronchial tissue cultures (PMIDs: 33220401, 30090531). In vivo, smoke exposure also affects cilia beat frequency in mice (PMID: 20042711).
@ChaunceyGardner 4/10. Given the consistency of these observations, and the dose response (e.g. PMID: 23615315), these mucociliary clearance-related endpoints are translational between human clinical, human in vitro and in vivo animal studies.
@ChaunceyGardner 5/10. Smoking cessation leads to an improvement of mucociliary clearance (PMIDs: 21545372, 24863424, https://t.co/BmFu2AnabI). Hence, the cilia function recovers over time following smoking cessation (as you wrote in your Tweet).
@ChaunceyGardner 6/10. Now, the important question: How does switching to a heated tobacco product or an e-vapor product affect mucociliary clearance and cilia function?
@ChaunceyGardner 7/10. In vitro, these product aerosols do not significantly affect cilia function (PMIDs: 33220401, 30090531).
@ChaunceyGardner 8/10. In humans, switching to these products leads to an improvement of mucociliary clearance similar to that following smoking cessation (https://t.co/BmFu2AnabI).
@ChaunceyGardner 9/10. Why is this important? Impaired mucociliary clearance predisposes COPD patients to exacerbations (PMIDs: 32640859, 25389352), and cessation reduces the number of these exacerbations.
@ChaunceyGardner 10/10. Similar to cessation, switching to an e-vapor (PMID: 33101622) or heated tobacco product (https://t.co/LhS1PP3GMt; https://t.co/X9IIN4HfWK) reduces the number of exacerbations and improves the patients’ CAT score.

More from Health

You May Also Like

Trending news of The Rock's daughter Simone Johnson's announcing her new Stage Name is breaking our Versus tool because "Wrestling Name" isn't in our database!

Here's the most useful #Factualist comparison pages #Thread 🧵


What is the difference between “pseudonym” and “stage name?”

Pseudonym means “a fictitious name (more literally, a false name), as those used by writers and movie stars,” while stage name is “the pseudonym of an entertainer.”

https://t.co/hT5XPkTepy #english #wiki #wikidiff

People also found this comparison helpful:

Alias #versus Stage Name: What’s the difference?

Alias means “another name; an assumed name,” while stage name means “the pseudonym of an entertainer.”

https://t.co/Kf7uVKekMd #Etymology #words

Another common #question:

What is the difference between “alias” and “pseudonym?”

As nouns alias means “another name; an assumed name,” while pseudonym means “a fictitious name (more literally, a false name), as those used by writers and movie

Here is a very basic #comparison: "Name versus Stage Name"

As #nouns, the difference is that name means “any nounal word or phrase which indicates a particular person, place, class, or thing,” but stage name means “the pseudonym of an