Now what about scattered variables? Some of them look very old and thus kind of put our basic ideas of continuity and large-group classifications in question.
Let’s take a look at a couple of them and shiver at their

(1) The 2SG subject marker on the verb.

GREEN: -d
YELLOW -t (possibly a development from -d)
ReRED: -ḍ / -ṭ

There is no regular phonetic correspondence of -d to -ḍ.
(2) In most varieties *β became (or remained?) /b/ in pre-consonantal position (GREEN). In a number of varieties, this didn’t happen (RED).
(3) The Imperative M:PL suffix is -at in western Morocco AND in Awjila (Libya) (RED). It is -ət / -ăt elsewhere (GREEN). The yellow part has different suffixes.
(4) The pharyngealized (“emphatic”) non-geminated alveolar is [dˁ] (or [ðˁ]) in most of Amazigh (GREEN), but in a scattered number of varieties, it is [tˁ] (RED).
So what are we going to do about these scattered attestations?

One of the strange things in Amazigh is that its varieties are quite similar to each other. Amazigh languages vary in the way Germanic languages do, or Romance. This suggests a rather late spread.
But there is no good reason why such a spread should have taken place. No big-time archeaological records of migrations, no long-lived Amazigh empires…
One way to get around it has been suggested by Carles Múrcia. In early Antiquity, Amazigh may have been more diverse than it is now. Due to koineization (extreme convergence) somewhere in Antiquity, most of this diversity would have been lost.

https://t.co/Gj4fb1AQDt
Groupings like the Central group would attest to splits following this koineization. The scattered isoglosses may very well be remnants of pre-koine variation (my interpretation, not necessarily that of Carles).
I will end this thread with an isogloss that may be related to the koine. The first one is the word for “cow”, which is /tafunast/ (GREEN) almost everywhere, except for some regions which still have the ancient Afroasiatic /tast/ (etc.) (RED; YELLOW only in he plural).
aseggwas nwem n jjdid d amimun!!!

NB. While all the outrageous things in this thread are mine, most of the good stuff was found out by others, ranging from colonial works like those by Edmond Destaing and modern work by brilliant scholars such as @lameensouag and @Phdnix.

More from Government

I don't normally do threads like this but I did want to provide some deeper thoughts on the below and why having a video game based on a real world war crime from the same people that received CIA funding isn't the best idea.

This will go pretty in depth FYI.


The core reason why I'm doing this thread is because:

1. It's clear the developers are marketing the game a certain way.

2. This is based on something that actually happened, a war crime no less. I don't have issues with shooter games in general ofc.

Firstly, It's important to acknowledge that the Iraq war was an illegal war, based on lies, a desire for regime change and control of resources in the region.

These were lies that people believed and still believe to this day.

It's also important to mention that the action taken by these aggressors is the reason there was a battle in Fallujah in the first place. People became resistance fighters because they were left with nothing but death and destruction all around them after the illegal invasion.

This is where one of the first red flags comes up.

The game is very much from an American point of view, as shown in the description.

When it mentions Iraqi civilians, it doesn't talk about them as victims, but mentions them as being pro US, fighting alongside them.

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दधीचि ऋषि को मनाही थी कि वह अश्विनी कुमारों को किसी भी अवस्था में ब्रह्मविद्या का उपदेश नहीं दें। ये आदेश देवराज इन्द्र का था।वह नहीं चाहते थे कि उनके सिंहासन को प्रत्यक्ष या परोक्ष रुप से कोई भी खतरा हो।मगर जब अश्विनी कुमारों ने सहृदय प्रार्थना की तो महर्षि सहर्ष मान गए।


और उन्होनें ब्रह्मविद्या का ज्ञान अश्विनि कुमारों को दे दिया। गुप्तचरों के माध्यम से जब खबर इन्द्रदेव तक पहुंची तो वे क्रोध में खड़ग ले कर गए और महर्षि दधीचि का सर धड़ से अलग कर दिया।मगर अश्विनी कुमार भी कहां चुप बैठने वाले थे।उन्होने तुरंत एक अश्व का सिर महर्षि के धड़ पे...


...प्रत्यारोपित कर उन्हें जीवित रख लिया।उस दिन के पश्चात महर्षि दधीचि अश्वशिरा भी कहलाए जाने लगे।अब आगे सुनिये की किस प्रकार महर्षि दधीचि का सर काटने वाले इन्द्र कैसे अपनी रक्षा हेतु उनके आगे गिड़गिड़ाए ।

एक बार देवराज इन्द्र अपनी सभा में बैठे थे, तो उन्हे खुद पर अभिमान हो आया।


वे सोचने लगे कि हम तीनों लोकों के स्वामी हैं। ब्राह्मण हमें यज्ञ में आहुति देते हैं और हमारी उपासना करते हैं। फिर हम सामान्य ब्राह्मण बृहस्पति से क्यों डरते हैं ?उनके आने पर क्यों खड़े हो जाते हैं?वे तो हमारी जीविका से पलते हैं। देवर्षि बृहस्पति देवताओं के गुरु थे।

अभिमान के कारण ऋषि बृहस्पति के पधारने पर न तो इन्द्र ही खड़े हुए और न ही अन्य देवों को खड़े होने दिया।देवगुरु बृहस्पति इन्द्र का ये कठोर दुर्व्यवहार देख कर चुप चाप वहां से लौट गए।कुछ देर पश्चात जब देवराज का मद उतरा तो उन्हे अपनी गलती का एहसास हुआ।