1/ How to raise a real estate fund (and, ideally, avoid getting sued)

Have warned everyone it’s better to raise capital deal-by-deal, bc it’s easier to raise & bc it's better for the sponsor. Still, there’s interest in learning how to do a fund… so, here goes.

2/ Don’t think of doing this unless you have a record of successful deals, ideally mostly/all in the same asset class / strategy.

Remember: You will be asking LPs to invest in YOU; they need to feel like you know what you’re doing.
3/ Really helps to have a list of prospective LPs BEFORE you start your raise. The more high-quality leads you have, the more likely you are to succeed. (I built my list via my blog initially; now twitter leads predominate - see my bio.)
4/ Find an experienced attorney. Doesn’t need to be a huge, expensive firm, but you want someone who has done a lot of private offerings before. Don’t agree to a big fee yet… at first, you just want a few hrs of her time for advice.
5/ Find an experienced CPA. Ideally, your existing CPA has worked on a lot of private deals before. If not, get a new one. Prospective LPs need confidence that someone good is overseeing the bookkeeping and doing the tax prep.
6/ Structuring the fund: How much are you raising? Is it a 5% pref or an 8%? Who gets what upside? This is where the experienced attorney & CPA come in… they should be able to tell you what “market” is, where you can push, etc.
7/ Overlooked issue: How much you’re raising. Target is so important - you want to be ambitious, without setting the bar so high that you look like a failure if you miss (our Fund 1 targeted $10MM, got $3.8MM. Whoops!)
8/ Overlooked issue: Closing dates. Want multiple closings: Initial Closing (“IC”), when 1st LPs join & at least one more. It’s hardest to get earliest $, so incentivize it to come in at IC. Want another close bc it’s easier to raise once there is social proof.
9/ Once you have proposed terms, go talk to most likely / largest potential LPs, to make sure they like the strategy and proposed terms. No sense in spending $$$ & time to do the docs if you’re going to get quick “no’s” from your list.
10/ Assuming LPs are on-board, it’s time to hire the lawyer to prepare docs: Operating Agreement governing the fund entity (prob an LLC), Private Placement Memorandum explaining terms, then Subscription Book for people to sign to join.
11/ Now you need a marketing deck. I tried to market Fund 1 w just the PPM - dumb. Even sophisticated investors respond to pics, charts, etc. So hire a good designer. Make sure attorney blesses final product.
12/ Now you’re ready to go. Reach out to the people on your list with a short email and the deck. Remember, you’re not selling an investment yet… right now, you just want a call or meeting to discuss.
13/ For us, getting to a “yes” from an LP typically requires at least one, and sometimes two, hour-long calls, then often some follow-up email exchanges for clarification. Big LPs will want to do more diligence… be willing to be transparent.
14/ At this point, you should have a spreadsheet (or, even better, a CRM) showing all your prospective LPs, where you are in the process with each, and whether they’ve “soft-committed” or “hard-committed”.
15/ A “soft-commit” is verbal or emailed confirmation they’re in, plus an amount. As you get close to the closing date, follow up & ask “soft-commits” to complete the subscription booklet. A completed sub book is a “hard-commit”.
16/ Once you hit your minimum raise (ideally, before scheduled closing date), tell everyone on the fence that the deal is actually happening. You’ll be amazed how many fence-sitters end up coming in, once the fund is real.
17/ Closing is signing the sub books, signing the Operating Agreement, and distributing counter-signed sub books and executed OA to your investors.
18/ Now, the hard part begins… you’ve got to go find good deals to do, or this will be the only fund you’ll ever raise!

More from Economy

Let's discuss how little you actually understand about economics and energy.

The first thing to understand is that energy is not globally fungible. Electricity decays as it leaves its point of origin; it’s expensive to transport. There is a huge excess (hydro) in many areas.


In other words, it can also be variable. It's estimated that in Sichuan there is twice as much electricity produced as is needed during the rainy season. Indeed, there is seasonality to how Bitcoin mining works. You can see here:

Bitcoin EXPORTS energy in this scenario. Fun fact, most industrial nations would steer this excess capacity towards refining aluminum by melting bauxite ore, which is very energy intensive.

You wouldn't argue that we are producing *too much* electricity from renewables, right?

"But what about the carbon footprint! ITS HUGE!"

Many previous estimates have quite faulty methods and don't take into account the actual energy sources. Is it fair to put a GHG equivalent on hydro or solar power? That would seem a bit disingenuous, no?

Well that's exactly what some have done.

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I'm going to do two history threads on Ethiopia, one on its ancient history, one on its modern story (1800 to today). 🇪🇹

I'll begin with the ancient history ... and it goes way back. Because modern humans - and before that, the ancestors of humans - almost certainly originated in Ethiopia. 🇪🇹 (sub-thread):


The first likely historical reference to Ethiopia is ancient Egyptian records of trade expeditions to the "Land of Punt" in search of gold, ebony, ivory, incense, and wild animals, starting in c 2500 BC 🇪🇹


Ethiopians themselves believe that the Queen of Sheba, who visited Israel's King Solomon in the Bible (c 950 BC), came from Ethiopia (not Yemen, as others believe). Here she is meeting Solomon in a stain-glassed window in Addis Ababa's Holy Trinity Church. 🇪🇹


References to the Queen of Sheba are everywhere in Ethiopia. The national airline's frequent flier miles are even called "ShebaMiles". 🇪🇹
हिमालय पर्वत की एक बड़ी पवित्र गुफा थी।उस गुफा के निकट ही गंगा जी बहती थी।एक बार देवर्षि नारद विचरण करते हुए वहां आ पहुंचे।वह परम पवित्र गुफा नारद जी को अत्यंत सुहावनी लगी।वहां का मनोरम प्राकृतिक दृश्य,पर्वत,नदी और वन देख उनके हृदय में श्रीहरि विष्णु की भक्ति अत्यंत बलवती हो उठी।


और देवर्षि नारद वहीं बैठकर तपस्या में लीन हो गए।इन्द्र नारद की तपस्या से घबरा गए।उन्हें हमेशा की तरह अपना सिंहासन व स्वर्ग खोने का डर सताने लगा।इसलिए इन्द्र ने नारद की तपस्या भंग करने के लिए कामदेव को उनके पास भेज दिया।वहां पहुंच कामदेव ने अपनी माया से वसंतऋतु को उत्पन्न कर दिया।


पेड़ और पौधों पर रंग बिरंगे फूल खिल गए और कोयलें कूकने लगी,पक्षी चहकने लगे।शीतल,मंद,सुगंधित और सुहावनी हवा चलने लगी।रंभा आदि अप्सराएं नाचने लगीं ।किन्तु कामदेव की किसी भी माया का नारद पे कोई प्रभाव नहीं पड़ा।तब कामदेव को डर सताने लगा कि कहीं नारद क्रोध में आकर मुझे श्राप न देदें।

जैसे ही नारद ने अपनी आंखें खोली, उसी क्षण कामदेव ने उनसे क्षमा मांगी।नारद मुनि को तनिक भी क्रोध नहीं आया और उन्होने शीघ्र ही कामदेव को क्षमा कर दिया।कामदेव प्रसन्न होकर वहां से चले गए।कामदेव के चले जाने पर देवर्षि के मन में अहंकार आ गया कि मैने कामदेव को हरा दिया।

नारद फिर कैलाश जा पहुंचे और शिवजी को अपनी विजयगाथा सुनाई।शिव समझ गए कि नारद अहंकारी हो गए हैं और अगर ये बात विष्णु जी जान गए तो नारद के लिए अच्छा नहीं होगा।ये सोचकर शिवजी ने नारद को भगवन विष्णु को ये बात बताने के लीए मना किया। परंतु नारद जी को ये बात उचित नहीं लगी।