BC CRYPTO
Saved by @Mollyycolllinss

1/ ERC-20 token standard approve() has caused an unnecessary cost of $53.8M for #Ethereum and #DeFi users

This is bad. Continue reading why and how to avoid this in the future.

👇👇👇

 2/ Before you go all rage on the flaws of my analysis, please read the whole Twitter thread for disclaimers and caveats.
3/ approve() is an unnecessary step of ERC-20 tokens when they interact with smart contracts.

You know this because when you do a Uniswap trade you need press two transaction buttons instead of one.
4/ Why there is approve() - you can read the history in this Twitter thread

https://t.co/ZHXzPBbqJJ
5/ I queried all approve() transactions on Google BigQuery public dataset and calculated their ETH cost and then converted this to the USD with the current ETH price.
6/ These queries were made possible to awesome @EthereumETL team. They have created Google BigQuery dataset from real-time blockchain data. You can query over terabytes of Ethereum data FOR FREE.
7/ Here are instructions on how to execute your own queries:

https://t.co/YnK1p8u75n

(But links are outdated because Google Cloud has new UI)
8/ Total transaction on #Ethereum blockchain: 989,461,092

Woo! One billion transactions will be done in a few days!
9/ Total ERC-20 transfers(): 304,382,558

Includes only Externally Owned Accounts, EOAs.
10/ Total ERC-20 approves(): 14,921,106

Includes only Externally Owned Accounts, EOAs.
11/ The gas cost ERC-20 approves():

41327.870139658684 ETH
12/ Here is my query

https://t.co/FqNWBAxjwt
13/ You can query Ethereum transactions that call a particular smart contract function by the 4-byte signature of the function that is 1st parameter of tx data field.
14/ Binary function signatures are 4-bytes keccak256() hash of the @solidity_lang signature string. Here is an example:
15/ If you are a @solidity_lang or Vyper developer, consider ditching ERC-20 and include alternative token standard in your next token.

Alternatives for ERC-20 include:

ERC-777
ERC-667
ERC-827
ERC-223
(did I miss any?)
16/ Most of the new token standards, like ERC-777 are backwards compatible and work with ERC-20 enabled centralised exchanges.

Centralised exchanges do not need to do anything to support these new, better, token standards that make smart contract and #DeFi interactions safer.
17/ Or let's put it this way...

Every time someone creates a new ERC-20 token, hundreds of thousands of dollars die.

Let's actively demanding non-ERC 20 tokens from developers.

And if that does not work I suggest we start punching ERC-20 developers to face over the internet
18/ Newer token standards may "increase the attack surface", but in practice, this has not been a problem for high-quality #DeFi projects since 2018 or so.
18/ Note that raw approve() cost calculation comparison to newer token standard is not 1:1.

Newer token standards need some similar mechanism to pass user data as the part of the transaction, but this cost is lower compared to additional approve() tx.

Prove me wrong.
19/ FIN

CC @dmihal @FrancescoRenziA @abcoathup

Now I am going to climb the mountain, get fresh air and visit monkies

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Alex Kr\xfcger
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Options used to be close to irrelevant for bitcoin's price.

Until now.

At current price levels, hedging large option notionals has a major impact on price.

Here's a quick thread on options 👇

Let's start with the meaning of delta.

Delta is the rate of change of an option's price relative to a change in the price of its underlying.

For example, the price of a 50 delta option will move 50% as much as the underlying.

For practical purposes, think of it as how much of the underlying you have:

- if long 50 delta call on 1 BTC => long 0.5 BTC
- if long 50 delta put on 1 BTC => short 0.5 BTC
- if short 50 delta call on 1 BTC => short 0.5 BTC
- if short 50 delta put on 1 BTC => long 0.5 BTC

An option where the option's strike (i.e. exercise price) is equal to current spot price is known as an at-the-money option (ATM). ATM options have a delta of 50, while deep in the money options have a delta of close to 100.

Can also think of delta as probability. A 50 delta option has a 50% chance of expiring in the money.

For a call, the higher price goes => the more in the money the call => the higher the delta.

Once delta gets close to 100, odds are ~100% the option will expire in the money.
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CryptoKnowledge
CryptoKnowledge
@mawdudchoudhury
$BTC & $USDT & the criminal cartels that pump the prices of BTC while laundering out real fiat profits through their exchange partners. While tax evasion & general financial malfeasance is problematic enough, one has to wonder what else is occurring with the laundered funds ..1/

Despite the romantic, libertarian view of Bitcoin subverting the oppression of the centralized fiat economy, in reality, the backers were also engaging in drug smuggling, assassination markets & human trafficking. 2/

While some of Bitcoin’s ideology of civil disobedience & the hope of building a shining new economy upon the distributed ledger was exciting for a time, the Bitcoin Civil War side-tracked the project heavily. 3/

Once Dread Pirate Roberts and The Silk Road was closed down, nastier websites emerged, and so too did some of the shadiest venture capitalists in the world — necessitating the split of the Bitcoin protocol away from the BTC economy in 2017. But this requires some context. 4/

Unfortunately, in the era spanning 2014-2016, venture capitalists created media entities such as CoinDesk & Cointelegraph, development groups such as Blockstream & MIT Digital Currency Initiative, exchanges like Coinbase & Bitfinex, 5/
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OtisA502 \u24d2
OtisA502 ⓒ
@otisa502
Where should I start?
1) Is Blockfi profitable?
2) How much money does BlockFi have on its balance sheet?
3) Is the yield that BlockFi pays to its depositors earned or subsidized by billionaire investors?
4) Has BlockFi ever been profitable?
5) Are you planning to go public?
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Brett Scott
Brett Scott
@Suitpossum
With Bitcoin's rising price I get many people asking me my opinion about it: Here are nine tips

1) Don't take advice about Bitcoin from those with a vested interest in seeing its price rise. That's like listening to CDO dealer in 2006. When prices go up, critical thought go down

2) Bitcoin is fascinating from a tech perspective, but don't fall for the rhetoric of monetary revolution. I was among the early users of Bitcoin & actually tried to use it as 'money', but it's not a monetary system. It's a system of cyber-collectibles, priced in dollars

3) By all means pass your money to a seller of these collectibles, but don't do so under the illusion that you're engaging in rebellion, or that you're doing prudent investment. You're doing what you're doing, which is buying a collectible from someone who is taking your money

4) Unlike many other collectibles, Bitcoin has no actual features, other than the fact that it can be moved around. It has a highly innovative issuance & movement mechanism, but that's somewhat meaningless if the thing being issued and moved is featureless

5) In fact, its only feature is its logo and the language that surrounds it. Without that the tokens are basically just blank digital objects, the digital equivalent of passing around fragments of limited edition clear glass beads
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हिमालय पर्वत की एक बड़ी पवित्र गुफा थी।उस गुफा के निकट ही गंगा जी बहती थी।एक बार देवर्षि नारद विचरण करते हुए वहां आ पहुंचे।वह परम पवित्र गुफा नारद जी को अत्यंत सुहावनी लगी।वहां का मनोरम प्राकृतिक दृश्य,पर्वत,नदी और वन देख उनके हृदय में श्रीहरि विष्णु की भक्ति अत्यंत बलवती हो उठी।


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पेड़ और पौधों पर रंग बिरंगे फूल खिल गए और कोयलें कूकने लगी,पक्षी चहकने लगे।शीतल,मंद,सुगंधित और सुहावनी हवा चलने लगी।रंभा आदि अप्सराएं नाचने लगीं ।किन्तु कामदेव की किसी भी माया का नारद पे कोई प्रभाव नहीं पड़ा।तब कामदेव को डर सताने लगा कि कहीं नारद क्रोध में आकर मुझे श्राप न देदें।

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Murray 🇺🇸...
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Jaya_Upadhyaya
Jaya_Upadhyaya
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NARHARI AND BHAGWAN PANDURANG/VITTHAL

Once a goldsmith by the name of Narhari lived in Pandharpur. He excelled in his craft. He had vowed not to look at Pandurang or visit his mandir ever, as he was a Shiva Bhakt.
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He realised the truth that there was no difference between Vitthal and Shiva. Narhari at once fell at the feet of Panduranga. He then took the measurement of the waist of Vitthal and this time the ornament fit the Murti perfectly.

Narayan Hari🙏🏻
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ब्राह्मणों का इतिहास👁️...
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MOHIYAL_BRAHMIN_KING
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King_Porus_History

1)King Porus was a famous Indian king, his real name was #Purushotama. He belonged to PURU tribe mentioned in #RIG_VEDA, the Ancient books of India.


2) Porus ruled the Punjab region and expanded his kingdom between the Jhelum River and Chenab River in the Indian Subcontinent. He was a legendary warrior and more war skills. He made the army most powerful with war skills. Even Alexander had also made difficulty to defeat Porus.

3)Word of Mouth Oral tradition in #Mohyal_Brahmin families since ancient times has kept the Great Saga of their Great Elder known to them as Maharaja “ #Puru” alive.

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Vibhu Vashisth
Vibhu Vashisth
@VIBHU_Tweet
ANCIENT BHARAT WAS CALLED VISHWAGURU, AND IT REALLY DESERVED IT.

India had a well developed education system centuries before the westerners arrived and called us uncivilized. Education was always given a great importance in Indian civilisation since times immemorial.


Ancient India had the Gurukulas and Ashramas as the epicentres of the knowledge and enlightenment. Bigger Gurukulas served as the centres of higher education called universities. Besides these universities, temples also emerged as the major learning centres.

Studying the Holy Scriptures, character building, personality development, responsibilities towards self,family and society,discipline and preservation of the ancient culture and heritage were the key embodiments of education.

This kind of education system made ancient India, a centre of knowledge all over the world. Many foreign students came to India for education and India was called the 'Vishwaguru'.
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But were these only Universities of ancient India?The answer is 'No'.Let's learn about these gems of our education system that flourished across ancient India & be proud.

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