🧵 NEW: How fair is Britain?

Wealthy families are surprisingly good at hanging onto their riches from generation to generation.

Our bank of mum and dad - one of the most generous in Europe - is making things worse... https://t.co/8PVzDjDw7y" target="_blank">@thetimes

https://t.co/8PVzDjDw7y

A few years ago, researchers @NJCummins @GregoryClarkUCD tracked how the descendants of rich people who died between 1858-1887 got on.

Britain has since gotten more equal. But 5 generations later, those families who were rich in Victorian Britain were still rich in the 2000s!
It's therefore not surprising that the link between your parents' income and yours is strong in Britain, at least compared with other countries

In the Nordic countries, where wealth is distributed more evenly, it's harder to predict what you'll earn by looking at your parents
British families have always been good at passing down wealth.

But today, it matters more, even if millennials won't inherit until they're 61.

Young people are much less wealthy than their parents were at the same age..
How did this happen? Three things stand out..

💰 Final salary pension schemes - many of which are now closed - allowed baby boomers to accumulate huge sums of wealth

📈 Stock market performance since the 1980s
🏡 The third is property. Baby boomers bought much earlier than Millennials did.

This meant they were able to benefit from house price growth for longer…
… and there was *a lot* of house price growth since baby boomers have bought their homes.

British homes have soared in price more than any other G7 nation, thanks partly to tight planning rules
For property purchases in Greater London, the average first-time buyer deposit is now a whopping £125,000

Most people who do buy in the capital, therefore, are turning to their wealthier parents...
The bank of Mum and Dad lends
£7.4bn a year to property purchases, making it the tenth-largest lender in Britain.

In fact, we are very unusual in our gift-giving: 20% of 🇬🇧 under-35s have received a substantial gift, vs 2% of those in 🇺🇸
The trouble is, this isn't really evening out inter-generational inequality.

Research from @ThelFS shows that people on higher incomes are much more likely to receive cash from their family
Actually, as Lord Willets @resfoundation says, inheritance is much more egalitarian than gift giving, namely because home ownership is so high among pensioners…

More on what this means in tomorrow's Sunday Times

https://t.co/8PVzDjDw7y

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@franciscodeasis https://t.co/OuQaBRFPu7
Unfortunately the "This work includes the identification of viral sequences in bat samples, and has resulted in the isolation of three bat SARS-related coronaviruses that are now used as reagents to test therapeutics and vaccines." were BEFORE the


chimeric infectious clone grants were there.https://t.co/DAArwFkz6v is in 2017, Rs4231.
https://t.co/UgXygDjYbW is in 2016, RsSHC014 and RsWIV16.
https://t.co/krO69CsJ94 is in 2013, RsWIV1. notice that this is before the beginning of the project

starting in 2016. Also remember that they told about only 3 isolates/live viruses. RsSHC014 is a live infectious clone that is just as alive as those other "Isolates".

P.D. somehow is able to use funds that he have yet recieved yet, and send results and sequences from late 2019 back in time into 2015,2013 and 2016!

https://t.co/4wC7k1Lh54 Ref 3: Why ALL your pangolin samples were PCR negative? to avoid deep sequencing and accidentally reveal Paguma Larvata and Oryctolagus Cuniculus?