Topics:
➊ Introduction to RDBMS
➋ Normalisation
➌ Introduction to SQL
➍ Tables and Fields
➎ Constraints
➏ DDL
➐ DML & DQL
➑ Joins
75+ SQL Interview Questions
⇩
Topics:
➊ Introduction to RDBMS
➋ Normalisation
➌ Introduction to SQL
➍ Tables and Fields
➎ Constraints
➏ DDL
➐ DML & DQL
➑ Joins
➀ What is a Database?
➁ What are different types of Databases?
➂ What is DBMS?
➃ What is difference between Database and DBMS?
➄ What is RDBMS?
➅ Which are popular RDBMS vendors?
➆ What is ACID property in Database?
➀ What is Normalisation?
➁ Why is Normalisation necessary?
➂ What are the disadvantages of not performing Normalisation?
➃ What are different Normal Forms (NF)?
➄ What is Denormalisation?
➀ What is SQL?
➁ What is the use of SQL?
➂ Is SQL a programming language?
➃ What are the different parts of SQL?
Or,
➄ Group SQL commands in different parts.
➅ What is DDL?
➆ What is DML?
➇ What is DQL?
➈ What is DCL?
➉ What is TCL?
➀ What is a Table?
➁ What is a field in a Table?
➂ Write a SQL command to create a Table.
➃ How to change the name of a Table?
➄ How to truncate a table?
➅ How to drop a table?
➀ What is a constraint?
➁ What are different levels of constraints?
➂ Give examples of various constraints?
➃ What is a primary key?
➄ What is a unique key?
➆ What is a foreign key?
➇ What is NULL value?
➈ What is NOT NULL constraint?
➉ Is blank space or Zero (0) same as NULL?
➀ Give some examples of DDL commands
➁ Write the syntax of creating a table
➂ How to specify the default value for a column?
➃ How to specify a foreign key?
➄ How to specify a unique key?
➅ How to specify multiple columns as the primary key?
➇ How to create a copy of a table? (both structure and, data)
➈ You have 'n' tables and asked to create a separate table which will contain a few columns from these tables with data being copied.
➀➀ Difference between ALTER and RENAME
➀➁ Can a previously nullable column be altered to a NOT NULL column? If yes, explain the steps.
➀ How to insert rows into a table?
➁ What are different syntaxes for inserting records into a table?
➂ What is the syntax to insert multiple records at a time?
➃ How to update data in a table?
➄ How to delete a row in a table?
➆ Explain how DML operations are performed on a View.
Or,
➇ Are Views used only for SELECT queries?
➈ How to fetch rows of a table?
➉ What is a query condition? How to write it in SQL?
➀➀ How to sort the fetched records?
➀➂ How to find how many records are being fetched?
➀➃ How to find the maximum and minimum value for a field in fetched records?
➀➄ How to sum values in a field for all records?
➀ What is a join in SQL?
➁ What are the different types of joins?
➂ What is Inner Join?
➃ What is Left Outer Join?
➄ What is Right Outer Join?
➅ What is Full Outer Join?
➆ What is Cross Join?
➈ What is Equi Join?
➉ What is Natural Join?
➀➀ Given a query in Cross Join, convert it into an Inner Join.
➀➁ Given a query in Right Outer Join, convert it into a Left Outer Join.
Or,
➀➃ What is required to convert an Inner Join into an Equi Join?
➀➄ What should be taken care of to improve the performance of queries containing Joins.
More from Swapna Kumar Panda
🛣 Beginner's Roadmap for Front-End
HTML & CSS → 👩💻 → JavaScript → 👩💻
↓
👩💻 ← React* ← 👩💻 ← Tailwind*
↓
TypeScript → 👩💻 → Next.js* → 👩💻 → 🏁
⇩
What would we cover?
➊ HTML & CSS
➋ JavaScript
➌ CSS Frameworks
➍ UI Frameworks
➎ TypeScript
➏ Server-side Frameworks
➐ Practice, Practice and, Practice
➑ Other Skills
➒ Frequently Asked Questions
➊ HTML & CSS
⬘ Your Front-End journey shall always start from HTML & CSS and, ends with these as well.
⬗ Don't over burden yourself to learn everything at once. It's a continuous subject.
⬙ Do not separate HTML from CSS. That's
➋ JavaScript
JavaScript is essential. You should start with basics and move to complex subjects.
❍ JavaScript Syntaxes
(preferably ES6 onwards)
❍ HTML DOM API
❍ Event Handling
❍ Fetch
➌ CSS Frameworks
CSS Framework is necessary if you are planning to be a professional developer.
There are so many options available.
❍ Tailwind CSS
❍ Bootstrap
❍ Chakra
❍ Bulma
❍ Foundation
❍ Skeleton
❍ Pure CSS
Start with anything. You can switch any time.
HTML & CSS → 👩💻 → JavaScript → 👩💻
↓
👩💻 ← React* ← 👩💻 ← Tailwind*
↓
TypeScript → 👩💻 → Next.js* → 👩💻 → 🏁
⇩
What would we cover?
➊ HTML & CSS
➋ JavaScript
➌ CSS Frameworks
➍ UI Frameworks
➎ TypeScript
➏ Server-side Frameworks
➐ Practice, Practice and, Practice
➑ Other Skills
➒ Frequently Asked Questions
➊ HTML & CSS
⬘ Your Front-End journey shall always start from HTML & CSS and, ends with these as well.
⬗ Don't over burden yourself to learn everything at once. It's a continuous subject.
⬙ Do not separate HTML from CSS. That's
Beginner's Roadmap for HTML & CSS
— Swapna Kumar Panda \uea00 (@swapnakpanda) April 18, 2022
\u21e9
➋ JavaScript
JavaScript is essential. You should start with basics and move to complex subjects.
❍ JavaScript Syntaxes
(preferably ES6 onwards)
❍ HTML DOM API
❍ Event Handling
❍ Fetch
\U0001f6e3 Roadmap for JavaScript Absolute Beginners
— Swapna Kumar Panda \uea00 (@swapnakpanda) March 29, 2022
\u21e9
➌ CSS Frameworks
CSS Framework is necessary if you are planning to be a professional developer.
There are so many options available.
❍ Tailwind CSS
❍ Bootstrap
❍ Chakra
❍ Bulma
❍ Foundation
❍ Skeleton
❍ Pure CSS
Start with anything. You can switch any time.
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🧵👇🏻
1️⃣ uiGradients
- A handpicked collection of beautiful color gradients for designers and developers.
🔗 https://t.co/EainhiePop
2️⃣ Eggradient
- Ready to use gradient background colors. ✓ Cool Gradients are prepared according to the latest design trends
🔗 https://t.co/F0uYVsZbA4
3️⃣ Mesh Gradients
- Create beautiful gradient like aurora UI in few clicks
🔗 https://t.co/MV8PT7q3Kz
4️⃣ CSS Gradient
- Create beatiful gradeint either linear or radial on different angles
🔗 https://t.co/dlCExilHAT
🧵👇🏻
1️⃣ uiGradients
- A handpicked collection of beautiful color gradients for designers and developers.
🔗 https://t.co/EainhiePop
2️⃣ Eggradient
- Ready to use gradient background colors. ✓ Cool Gradients are prepared according to the latest design trends
🔗 https://t.co/F0uYVsZbA4
3️⃣ Mesh Gradients
- Create beautiful gradient like aurora UI in few clicks
🔗 https://t.co/MV8PT7q3Kz
4️⃣ CSS Gradient
- Create beatiful gradeint either linear or radial on different angles
🔗 https://t.co/dlCExilHAT
Use these 5 websites to learn web development for free in 2023 (take a look):
1. Codedamn
All-in-one platform for learning web development:
• Hands-on practice and projects bundled
• Video content along with interactive labs, quizzes, and articles
• Every course comes with a certificate
• code brushes AI in playgrounds
🔗 https://t.co/mXmUtJZnOU
2. Codepip
Codepip is the platform for your favorite web development games. Gain an edge in your following interview or project.
🔗 https://t.co/MjHNsLvkiL
3. RapidAPI Comics
Learn API development with RapidAPI Comics (sketch notes and fun analogies).
🔗 https://t.co/KONorFomgu
4. JS Visualizer 9000
Learn JavaScript by visualizing your code.
🔗 https://t.co/9NId4GjGAq
1. Codedamn
All-in-one platform for learning web development:
• Hands-on practice and projects bundled
• Video content along with interactive labs, quizzes, and articles
• Every course comes with a certificate
• code brushes AI in playgrounds
🔗 https://t.co/mXmUtJZnOU
2. Codepip
Codepip is the platform for your favorite web development games. Gain an edge in your following interview or project.
🔗 https://t.co/MjHNsLvkiL
3. RapidAPI Comics
Learn API development with RapidAPI Comics (sketch notes and fun analogies).
🔗 https://t.co/KONorFomgu
4. JS Visualizer 9000
Learn JavaScript by visualizing your code.
🔗 https://t.co/9NId4GjGAq
Five great icons websites for every web developer and designer ⏺️
A Thread 🧵👇🏻
1️⃣ Icons 8
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🖇️ https://t.co/inHse0QXBh
2️⃣ Icon Monstr
- Black and white themed minimal icons which looks super great. You can also cuatomize the thickness
🖇️ https://t.co/dbQrJi0IHf
3️⃣ Icon Icons
- Over one thousand free icons which you can download as icons or images
🖇️ https://t.co/h5NlH5fGGr
4️⃣ Icons finder
Filter through the world’s largest marketplace for icons with flexibility and ease. Made up by submissions from top designers around the world, and curated by the team
🖇️ https://t.co/sqiZ6H9sR7
A Thread 🧵👇🏻
1️⃣ Icons 8
- Icons8 is just more than icons. You can download illustrations, vector images, music and much more
🖇️ https://t.co/inHse0QXBh
2️⃣ Icon Monstr
- Black and white themed minimal icons which looks super great. You can also cuatomize the thickness
🖇️ https://t.co/dbQrJi0IHf
3️⃣ Icon Icons
- Over one thousand free icons which you can download as icons or images
🖇️ https://t.co/h5NlH5fGGr
4️⃣ Icons finder
Filter through the world’s largest marketplace for icons with flexibility and ease. Made up by submissions from top designers around the world, and curated by the team
🖇️ https://t.co/sqiZ6H9sR7
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1/12
RT-PCR corona (test) scam
Symptomatic people are tested for one and only one respiratory virus. This means that other acute respiratory infections are reclassified as
2/12
It is tested exquisitely with a hypersensitive non-specific RT-PCR test / Ct >35 (>30 is nonsense, >35 is madness), without considering Ct and clinical context. This means that more acute respiratory infections are reclassified as
3/12
The Drosten RT-PCR test is fabricated in a way that each country and laboratory perform it differently at too high Ct and that the high rate of false positives increases massively due to cross-reaction with other (corona) viruses in the "flu
4/12
Even asymptomatic, previously called healthy, people are tested (en masse) in this way, although there is no epidemiologically relevant asymptomatic transmission. This means that even healthy people are declared as COVID
5/12
Deaths within 28 days after a positive RT-PCR test from whatever cause are designated as deaths WITH COVID. This means that other causes of death are reclassified as
RT-PCR corona (test) scam
Symptomatic people are tested for one and only one respiratory virus. This means that other acute respiratory infections are reclassified as
4/10
— Dr. Thomas Binder, MD (@Thomas_Binder) October 22, 2020
...indication, first of all that testing for a (single) respiratory virus is done outside of surveillance systems or need for specific therapy, but even so the lack of consideration of Ct, symptoms and clinical findings when interpreting its result. https://t.co/gHH6kwRdZG
2/12
It is tested exquisitely with a hypersensitive non-specific RT-PCR test / Ct >35 (>30 is nonsense, >35 is madness), without considering Ct and clinical context. This means that more acute respiratory infections are reclassified as
6/10
— Dr. Thomas Binder, MD (@Thomas_Binder) October 22, 2020
The neither validated nor standardised hypersensitive RT-PCR test / Ct 35-45 for SARS-CoV-2 is abused to mislabel (also) other diseases, especially influenza, as COVID-19.https://t.co/AkFIfTCTkS
3/12
The Drosten RT-PCR test is fabricated in a way that each country and laboratory perform it differently at too high Ct and that the high rate of false positives increases massively due to cross-reaction with other (corona) viruses in the "flu
External peer review of the RTPCR test to detect SARS-CoV-2 reveals 10 major scientific flaws at the molecular and methodological level: consequences for false positive results.https://t.co/mbNY8bdw1p pic.twitter.com/OQBD4grMth
— Dr. Thomas Binder, MD (@Thomas_Binder) November 29, 2020
4/12
Even asymptomatic, previously called healthy, people are tested (en masse) in this way, although there is no epidemiologically relevant asymptomatic transmission. This means that even healthy people are declared as COVID
Thread web\u2b06\ufe0f\u2b07\ufe0f
— Dr. Thomas Binder, MD (@Thomas_Binder) December 16, 2020
The fabrication of the "asymptomatic (super) spreader" is the coronation of the total nons(ci)ense in the belief system of #CoronasWitnesses.
Asymptomatic transmission 0.7%; 95% CI 0%-4.9% - could well be 0%!https://t.co/VeZTzxXfvT
5/12
Deaths within 28 days after a positive RT-PCR test from whatever cause are designated as deaths WITH COVID. This means that other causes of death are reclassified as
8/8
— Dr. Thomas Binder, MD (@Thomas_Binder) March 24, 2020
By the way, who the f*** created this obviously (almost) worldwide definition of #CoronaDeath?
This is not only medical malpractice, this is utterly insane!https://t.co/FFsTx4L2mw
