Then came three enormous waves of academic and scientific talent to the US.
I don't think people have quite internalized *how* the US became the global leader in science and technology. It's partially a story of massive global talent migration.
And it's important to get this story right if we want to maintain
Then came three enormous waves of academic and scientific talent to the US.
In a massive own-goal, 1930s Nazi Germany dismissed ~15% of the physicists who made up a stunning 64% (!) of their physics citations.
![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Esqw_2zW8AIk0_Q.png)
With the Cold War looming, the US brought over ~1,600 scientists through Operation Paperclip and the Soviets ~2,500 through Operation Osoaviakhim.
![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EsqxjHWXMAkCtcU.png)
Perhaps an underrated element in the fall of the Soviet Union is how we absorbed most of their top scientific talent as faith in the regime was starting to falter.
— Caleb Watney (@calebwatney) July 6, 2020
A great 1990 NYT article on it here:https://t.co/NXBldbgoV0 pic.twitter.com/TEgytTYsJv
https://t.co/i0QMZeQaEa
Using the Nobel Prize in Physics as a rough proxy, American scientists were involved in only three of the thirty prizes awarded between 1901 to 1933.
And a huge share of these Nobel laureates have been either first- or second-generation immigrants from these three waves.
We were unquestionably the best location for scientific research and so most inventors/promising academics wanted to come here.
![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Esq2n9UXAAAfqZQ.jpg)
1) US immigration restrictions are growing more burdensome
2) There are better opportunities to contribute to cutting-edge research at home
https://t.co/EYSUhofYeO
Today we grudgingly let the most talented individuals apply to live here; we do not actively recruit them.
The main job of immigration agents seems to be “avoid letting in terrorists” rather than “maximize the growth potential of the United States.”
![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Esq5pWLW4AMDqFE.jpg)
We are the R&D lab for the world and we should act like it.
https://t.co/jwGI6exill
More from Tech
BREAKING: @CommonsCMS @DamianCollins just released previously sealed #Six4Three @Facebook documents:
Some random interesting tidbits:
1) Zuck approves shutting down platform API access for Twitter's when Vine is released #competition
2) Facebook engineered ways to access user's call history w/o alerting users:
Team considered access to call history considered 'high PR risk' but 'growth team will charge ahead'. @Facebook created upgrade path to access data w/o subjecting users to Android permissions dialogue.
3) The above also confirms @kashhill and other's suspicion that call history was used to improve PYMK (People You May Know) suggestions and newsfeed rankings.
4) Docs also shed more light into @dseetharaman's story on @Facebook monitoring users' @Onavo VPN activity to determine what competitors to mimic or acquire in 2013.
https://t.co/PwiRIL3v9x
Some random interesting tidbits:
1) Zuck approves shutting down platform API access for Twitter's when Vine is released #competition
![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DtqhSTdU4AAJRnB.jpg)
2) Facebook engineered ways to access user's call history w/o alerting users:
Team considered access to call history considered 'high PR risk' but 'growth team will charge ahead'. @Facebook created upgrade path to access data w/o subjecting users to Android permissions dialogue.
![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Dtqkp_ZV4AA2o2b.jpg)
3) The above also confirms @kashhill and other's suspicion that call history was used to improve PYMK (People You May Know) suggestions and newsfeed rankings.
4) Docs also shed more light into @dseetharaman's story on @Facebook monitoring users' @Onavo VPN activity to determine what competitors to mimic or acquire in 2013.
https://t.co/PwiRIL3v9x
![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Dtqnj5fUUAIyVPc.jpg)
Next.js has taken the web dev world by storm
It’s the @reactjs framework devs rave about praising its power, flexibility, and dev experience
Don't feel like you're missing out!
Here's everything you need to know in 10 tweets
Let’s dive in 🧵
Next.js is a @reactjs framework from @vercel
It couples a great dev experience with an opinionated feature set to make it easy to spin up new performant, dynamic web apps
It's used by many high-profile teams like @hulu, @apple, @Nike, & more
https://t.co/whCdm5ytuk
@vercel @hulu @Apple @Nike The team at @vercel, formerly Zeit, originally and launched v1 of the framework on Oct 26, 2016 in the pursuit of universal JavaScript apps
Since then, the team & community has grown expotentially, including contributions from giants like @Google
https://t.co/xPPTOtHoKW
@vercel @hulu @Apple @Nike @Google In the #jamstack world, Next.js pulled a hefty 58.6% share of framework adoption in 2020
Compared to other popular @reactjs frameworks like Gatsby, which pulled in 12%
*The Next.js stats likely include some SSR, arguably not Jamstack
https://t.co/acNawfcM4z
@vercel @hulu @Apple @Nike @Google The easiest way to get started with a new Next.js app is with Create Next App
Simply run:
yarn create next-app
or
npx create-next-app
You can even start from a git-based template with the -e flag
yarn create next-app -e https://t.co/JMQ87gi1ue
https://t.co/rwKhp7zlys
It’s the @reactjs framework devs rave about praising its power, flexibility, and dev experience
Don't feel like you're missing out!
Here's everything you need to know in 10 tweets
Let’s dive in 🧵
![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Eug-Uu5XEAIaugm.jpg)
Next.js is a @reactjs framework from @vercel
It couples a great dev experience with an opinionated feature set to make it easy to spin up new performant, dynamic web apps
It's used by many high-profile teams like @hulu, @apple, @Nike, & more
https://t.co/whCdm5ytuk
![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Eug-eoFWYAYhYfE.jpg)
@vercel @hulu @Apple @Nike The team at @vercel, formerly Zeit, originally and launched v1 of the framework on Oct 26, 2016 in the pursuit of universal JavaScript apps
Since then, the team & community has grown expotentially, including contributions from giants like @Google
https://t.co/xPPTOtHoKW
![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Eug-mZ1XAAUix7_.jpg)
@vercel @hulu @Apple @Nike @Google In the #jamstack world, Next.js pulled a hefty 58.6% share of framework adoption in 2020
Compared to other popular @reactjs frameworks like Gatsby, which pulled in 12%
*The Next.js stats likely include some SSR, arguably not Jamstack
https://t.co/acNawfcM4z
![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Eug-xrEXIAAL0jH.jpg)
@vercel @hulu @Apple @Nike @Google The easiest way to get started with a new Next.js app is with Create Next App
Simply run:
yarn create next-app
or
npx create-next-app
You can even start from a git-based template with the -e flag
yarn create next-app -e https://t.co/JMQ87gi1ue
https://t.co/rwKhp7zlys
![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Eug_DRUXUAM9eSO.jpg)
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https://t.co/6cRR2B3jBE
Viruses and other pathogens are often studied as stand-alone entities, despite that, in nature, they mostly live in multispecies associations called biofilms—both externally and within the host.
https://t.co/FBfXhUrH5d
Microorganisms in biofilms are enclosed by an extracellular matrix that confers protection and improves survival. Previous studies have shown that viruses can secondarily colonize preexisting biofilms, and viral biofilms have also been described.
...we raise the perspective that CoVs can persistently infect bats due to their association with biofilm structures. This phenomenon potentially provides an optimal environment for nonpathogenic & well-adapted viruses to interact with the host, as well as for viral recombination.
Biofilms can also enhance virion viability in extracellular environments, such as on fomites and in aquatic sediments, allowing viral persistence and dissemination.
Viruses and other pathogens are often studied as stand-alone entities, despite that, in nature, they mostly live in multispecies associations called biofilms—both externally and within the host.
https://t.co/FBfXhUrH5d
![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FEqKpQ8XoBM0rmU.jpg)
Microorganisms in biofilms are enclosed by an extracellular matrix that confers protection and improves survival. Previous studies have shown that viruses can secondarily colonize preexisting biofilms, and viral biofilms have also been described.
![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FEqLB4VX0AMsP1E.jpg)
...we raise the perspective that CoVs can persistently infect bats due to their association with biofilm structures. This phenomenon potentially provides an optimal environment for nonpathogenic & well-adapted viruses to interact with the host, as well as for viral recombination.
![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FEqLqY1XwAE2-ke.jpg)
Biofilms can also enhance virion viability in extracellular environments, such as on fomites and in aquatic sediments, allowing viral persistence and dissemination.
![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FEqMEUAWYAgfkSP.jpg)