BC HEALTH
Saved by @jay_millerjay

You gotta think about this one carefully!

Imagine you go to the doctor and get tested for a rare disease (only 1 in 10,000 people get it.)

The test is 99% effective in detecting both sick and healthy people.

Your test comes back positive.

Are you really sick? Explain below 👇

 The most complete answer from every reply so far is from Dr. Lena. Thanks for taking the time and going through it!

https://t.co/jGt006Vlh5
You can get the answer using Bayes' theorem, but let's try to come up with it in a different —maybe more intuitive— way.

👇
Here is what we know:

- Out of 10,000 people, 1 is sick
- Out of 100 sick people, 99 test positive
- Out of 100 healthy people, 99 test negative

Assuming 1 million people take the test (including you):

- 100 of them are sick
- 999,900 of them are healthy

👇
Let's now test both groups, starting with the 100 people sick:

▫️ 99 of them will be diagnosed (correctly) as sick (99%)

▫️ 1 of them is going to be diagnosed (incorrectly) as healthy (1%)

👇
Let's now test the group of 999,900 healthy individuals:

▫️ 989,901 of them will be diagnosed (correctly) as healthy (99%)

▫️ 9,999 of them will be diagnosed (incorrectly) as sick (1%)

👇
Since your test came back positive, it means that you belong to either one of the groups that had a positive result:

1. 99 people that are truly sick, or
2. 9,999 people that are actually healthy (but were diagnosed as sick.)

👇
Basically, out of 10,098, only 99 are truly sick.

That'll give you a 0.98% chance of being sick!

So no, most likely, you are fine!

👇
Here is something important: this is true as long as our only priors are that 1 in 10,000 people have the disease.

For example, if you were showing symptoms, then your chance of being sick after receiving a positive test will be higher.

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12 machine learning YouTube videos.

On libraries, algorithms, tools, and theory.

↓

1. Jupyter Notebooks: https://t.co/HqE9yt8TkB

2. Pandas: https://t.co/aOLh0dcGF5

3. Matplotlib: https://t.co/tKADpmihkh

4. Seaborn: https://t.co/s8EUxh6x1f


5. Numpy: https://t.co/pJoc0Lfjwm

6. Decision Trees: https://t.co/tKtUpO1K3l

7. Neural Networks: https://t.co/bc7emyjc9q

8. Scikit-Learn: https://t.co/LrKG7cMxRq


9. TensorFlow: https://t.co/fhO6T9sblU

10. PyTorch: https://t.co/5w9mJxijdd

11. Essense of Linear Algebra: https://t.co/o3kOnxl90i

12. Essense of Calculus: https://t.co/rfo7v0cpR4
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Santiago
Santiago
@svpino
Here is a simple example of a machine learning model.

I put it together a long time ago, and it was very helpful! I sliced it apart a thousand times until things started to make sense.

It's TensorFlow and Keras.

If you are starting out, this may be a good puzzle to solve.


The goal of this model is to learn to multiply one-digit
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Santiago
Santiago
@svpino
For a long time, I didn't understand how to use Virtual Environments in Python 🐍.

If this is just, let's end it here and now: 🧵👇

[2] Virtual Environments let you deal with the dependencies that your code has with external Python libraries.

It avoids having conflicts when your projects depend on different versions of the same library.

👇

[3] Let's imagine that you are building your first Python project and you install the "requests" library:

pip install requests

You get version 2.24.0 installed in your system.

👇

[4] A month later, you decide to work on your second project. It also needs the "requests" library.

But the latest version is not 2.24.0 anymore.

Now version 3 is available, and that's the one you want to use!

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[5] You could upgrade your entire system to version 3, but then you'll be potentially breaking the first project you built that depends on 2.24.0!

Can you imagine this happening on a server with many more applications running?

👇
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Santiago
Santiago
@svpino
Many machine learning courses that target developers want you to start with algebra, calculus, probabilities, ML theory, and only then—if you haven't quit already—you may see some code.

I want you to know there's another way.

↓

2. For me, there's no substitute to seeing things working, trying them out myself, hitting a wall, fixing them, seeing the results.

A hands-on approach engages me in a way pages of theory never will.

And I know many of you reading this are wired just like me.

3. I feel that driving a car is a good analogy.

While understanding some basics are necessary to start driving, you don't need to read the entire manual before jumping behind the wheel.

As long as you practice in empty parking lots and backroads, you'll be fine.

4. As you make your way to public roads, you can start incorporating more of the theory that will help you stay safe.

At this point, that theory won't be lost on you: your hours behind the wheel will help you make the necessary connections.

Things will start clicking quick.

5. I've talked to people struggling with derivatives that have no idea why or when they'll become helpful.

I've seen others memorizing what eigenvectors are, or manually transposing matrices because "that's what it takes."

Honestly, for the most part, it's not.
READ IT
Santiago
Santiago
@svpino
20 machine learning questions that will make you think.

(Cool questions. Not the regular, introductory stuff that you find everywhere.)

🧵👇

1. Why is it important to introduce non-linearities in a neural network?

2. What are the differences between a multi-class classification problem and a multi-label classification problem?

3. Why does the use of Dropout work as a regularizer?

👇

4. Why you shouldn't use a softmax output activation function in a multi-label classification problem when using a one-hot-encoded target?

5. Does the use of Dropout in your model slow down or speed up the training process? Why?

👇

6. In a Linear or Logistic Regression problem, do all Gradient Descent algorithms lead to the same model, provided you let them run long enough?

7. Explain the difference between Batch Gradient Descent, Stochastic Gradient Descent, and Mini-batch Gradient Descent.

👇

8. What are the advantages of Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) over a fully connected network for image classification?

9. What are the advantages of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) over a fully connected network when working with text data?

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@jliebling
New Cannabis Based Menu for Chao Phraya Hospital patients (service being rolled out to other hospitals too)
"This cannabis special menu is bringing different parts of the cannabis plant to use with leaves to cook as ingredients in food" #cannabis #Thailand


Whilst patients in the UK are still being denied with almost no progress with #NHS Amazing to see how much progress is being made with #cannabis as #medicine in #Thailand is the same 2 year period:

A Thread: 1/10 #Thailand allowed #cannabis #medicine in Jan 2019, 2 months after the UK.
NOW:
Is approved for 160+ conditions (everyone!)
Village doctors, clinics and hospitals can supply approved products or grow and produce their own, from nearly 100 approved formulas

2/10 - Average monthly prescription cost is £20-£30.
Educational programs started for the Medical Profession within 3 months, for many others at 6 months and school kids after a year. (Google Dr Ganja - see photo)


3/10 - Shortly they will launch a new policy for any individual or collectives to grow #cannabis for #medicine for themselves and any surplus material can be sold to the government for use in centralised production.
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Buku Renal
@BukuRenal
“Should I give them more fluid?”

Extremely common question during AKI referrals from junior docs.

⛔️ Fluid management is tricky, often misunderstood, & can cause huge iatrogenic harm ⛔️

We try to convey important principles in THREAD 👇

#tipsfornewdocs #medtwitter #tweetorial

Currently too often patients with high creatinine are given too much IV fluid, driven by an AKI ➡️ fluid reflex

We’ve seen 7 litres be given in one shift.

Medics & surgeons, juniors & seniors, it seems everyone loves to reach for extra IV fluid (especially if urine output poor)

Why does huge volume IV fluid ‘resuscitation’ consistently occur?

Lots of reasons, including FALSE beliefs:
🛑 IV fluid always “treats AKI”
🛑 Hypotension = hypovolaemia
🛑 Lactate >2 means fluid deficiency
🛑 Septic patients are very hypovolaemic

The rule with IV fluids and AKI is to remember this 5 word phrase:

💥 💥 Aim for euvolaemia, then stop💥 💥

Fluid status is like Goldilocks - hypovolaemia is bad for the kidneys BUT excess volume is also harmful for renal function and will cause other complications too.

It is easy to say “target euvolaemia” - but we agree it is more difficult to do!

Fluid status assessment is certainly made harder by a belief that we must only rely on a snapshot assessment of examination features which are NOT specific / sensitive / reliable to elicit like.…
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Patrick Strudwick
Patrick Strudwick
@PatrickStrud
I’m deeply saddened to learn that Dr Joseph Sonnabend, one of the most important figures in the history of AIDS, died yesterday. I spent time with him in 2018 for one of the last interviews he ever gave. Let me tell you about this man and what he did:

Sonnabend was one of the first doctors to raise the alarm. In 1979, while running a sexual health clinic in Greenwich Village, he wrote to the NY Health Dept to warn them of the symptoms he was seeing: low white blood cell counts, enlarged lymph nodes. He didn’t get a reply. 2/

So he kept speaking out. When a patient of his developed a very rare cancer – Kaposi’s Sarcoma – he linked up with a dermatologist at NYU who said that over a dozen gay men had it. Sonnabend knew there was something very wrong. He started working at the lab at NYU — for free. 3/

It was soon after this in 1981 that the New York Times famously reported “Rare Cancer Found In 41 Homosexuals”. The next decade would kill most of Sonnabend’s patients and friends — and all of his lovers. What Sonnabend did was to fight for every single of them. 4/

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Fr\xe9d\xe9ric Leroy
Frédéric Leroy
@fleroy1974
I applaud the #EUCancerPlan *BUT* caution: putting #meat 🥩 (a nourishing, evolutionary food) in the same box as 🚬 to solve a contemporary health challenge, would be basing policy on assumptions rather than robust data.

#FollowTheScience yes, but not just part of it!
THREAD👇


1/ Granted, some studies have pointed to ASSOCIATIONS of HIGH intake of red & processed meats with (slightly!) increased colorectal cancer incidence. Also, @WHO/IARC is often mentioned in support (usually hyperbolically so).

But, let’s have a closer look at all this! 🔍


2/ First, meat being “associated” with cancer is very different from stating that meat CAUSES cancer.

Unwarranted use of causal language is widespread in nutritional sciences, posing a systemic problem & undermining credibility.

3/ That’s because observational data are CONFOUNDED (even after statistical adjustment).

Healthy user bias is a major problem. Healthy middle classes are TOLD to eat less red meat (due to historical rather than rational reasons, cf link). So, they

4/ What’s captured here is sociology, not physiology.

Health-focused Westerners eat less red meat, whereas those who don’t adhere to dietary advice tend to have unhealthier lifestyles.

That tells us very little about meat AS SUCH being responsible for disease.
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Steve Cuss
Steve Cuss
@stevecusswords
Anxiety resides in 4 spaces:

1. The space inside you
2. The space between you and another
3. The space between others
4. The space inside another.

A powerful de escalation tools is to first locate the anxiety. Where is it?

Often the answer is 'all 4.' Yikes!

1/

Anxiety is contagious, we spread it and escalate it unless we know how to manage it.

This was perhaps my biggest lesson as a trauma chaplain - the very hard work of not catching someone's anxiety.

2/

When I caught it, I was no good to them. I no longer saw what was going on, I was now 'infected' by my own triggers, assumptions, the story I tell myself. I was all wrapped up in myself.

But when I managed my anxiety, I was able to be calm, aware and fully present to them.

3/

Even in the very worst moment of their lives, even if they had me by the shoulders screaming, 'how could God allow this to happen?'

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Incidentally, early in chaplaincy, I thought this was an actual question. Because I was anxious, I was more infected by my need to answer than I was to simply be calm and present with them in their pain.

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Brown's article at Buzzfeed starts off pretending it's some kind of really off-the-wall notion that Hillary Clinton paid for the creation of the Steele Dossier that was then used to justify the FBI's spying on the Trump campaign & transition team.


After that awful start, he swerves to making accusations that the Epoch Times is connected to the 'cult' Falon Gong.

You can read the article here:

Brown insinuates with no real evidence whatsoever that the Epoch Times is 'Falon Gong-linked'.

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1) the Epoch Times' extensive *news coverage* of China's attempts to wipe out Falon Gong with intense persecution directed at the group since 1999.

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Santkumaras-The four adorable kids of the Universe.

The Kumaras r the four sages who roam the Universe as children from the Puranic texts of Hinduism named,Sanaka, Sanatana,Sanandana& Sanatkumara.They r described as the first mind-born creations &sons of the creator God Brahma.


Brahma,who had received the knowledge of Puranas from the Universal being(God Himself), imbibed this to his 4 Kumaras.
Sanat Kumaras then taught the Puranas to Narada.Narada transmitted it to Krishna Dwaipayana who in turn scripted them in monumental epic documents of 18 Puranas.

The Vishnu Purana is recorded in two parts,the Vishnu Purana & Naradiya Purana.The teachings of Sanaka of the Kumara brothers r contained in the Naradiya Purana which is also divided in two parts, the first part containing the teachings of Sanaka &second part,teachings of others.


Born from Brahma's mind,4 Kumars took lifelong vows of celibacy against their father's wishes.They r said to wander throughout materialistic &spiritualistic universe without any desire but with the aim to teach.All 4 brothers studied Vedas from their Childhood&travelled together.


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Control of the House is useless when it comes to keeping Trump from declassifying all the SpyGate docs. Or stopping an Inspector General from releasing a report.

Trump still gets control of judicial appointments so we can expect another 100 judges over the next two years. This time there’ll be no McCain or Flake playing the Maverick role with their swing vote.

That new margin in the Senate is huge if another Supreme Court seat comes open.

So from the responses I’m getting, people seem to think if Trump declassifies the Spygate stuff now, nothing happens.

Are you under the impression federal prosecutors have to wait until CONGRESS finishes an investigation and makes criminal referrals before the DOJ can act?

There’s a federal grand jury on McCabe right now. Did Congress ever finish it’s investigation and make a referral to the DOJ against him?

No.

BUT INSPECTOR GENERAL HOROWITZ DID. On finishing his McCabe leak report.

Funny how nobody remembers that.
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ARULMIGU SRI PARTHASARATHY SWAMY KSHETRAM, CHENNAI (TN)

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Here, Venkatkrishna-Parthasarthy is present with his entire family.


He is flanked by Sri Rukmini, Sri Balarama, Satyaki, son Pradyumn and grandson Anirudha.
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He is without chakra as he had promised not to wield weapons in Mahabharata war.
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