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China's Ultra-High Voltage Lines - Thread
1/14
China is building the world's most advanced UHV grid right now.
UHV lines are good for carrying power over long distances. The high voltage level reduces line loss. But they are very expensive to build.
China's UHVDC Network now:
2/14
In the rest of the world, UHV lines have generally been used sparingly. Submarine power cables (e.g. connecting UK to mainland Europe) and some huge hydropower projects in Quebec are some notable exceptions.
China is building UHV lines on a scale never seen before.
3/14
So why is China different? Geography plays a huge role. China's load centers are in the coastal East and South, while the best wind, solar, and hydro resources are in the North, Northwest, and Southwest. Power (esp. RE) is being generated far from where it's needed most.
4/14
In the past, poor regional interconnectivity has been a big contributor to low offtake levels of renewable energy. Of course a glut of coal power also played a role. Curtailment has improved in recent yrs tho. I discussed regional grids before:
5/14
UHV lines provide a inter-region backbone to transport power hundreds or thousands of km across the country. The UHVDC lines are used for the longest distances, while UHVAC lines are used for shorter distances, often within the same regional grid.
China's UHVAC lines now:
1/14
China is building the world's most advanced UHV grid right now.
UHV lines are good for carrying power over long distances. The high voltage level reduces line loss. But they are very expensive to build.
China's UHVDC Network now:
2/14
In the rest of the world, UHV lines have generally been used sparingly. Submarine power cables (e.g. connecting UK to mainland Europe) and some huge hydropower projects in Quebec are some notable exceptions.
China is building UHV lines on a scale never seen before.
3/14
So why is China different? Geography plays a huge role. China's load centers are in the coastal East and South, while the best wind, solar, and hydro resources are in the North, Northwest, and Southwest. Power (esp. RE) is being generated far from where it's needed most.
4/14
In the past, poor regional interconnectivity has been a big contributor to low offtake levels of renewable energy. Of course a glut of coal power also played a role. Curtailment has improved in recent yrs tho. I discussed regional grids before:
China Power Sector For Dummies- Part 1: Grids and Dispatch - Getting Smarter
— David F. (@pretentiouswhat) August 18, 2020
1/10
First, Chinese doesn't have a national grid, at least not in the way that small countries do. There are 6 regional grids (N, NE, NW, E, C, S). State Grid runs 5 of them and Southern Grid runs 1.
5/14
UHV lines provide a inter-region backbone to transport power hundreds or thousands of km across the country. The UHVDC lines are used for the longest distances, while UHVAC lines are used for shorter distances, often within the same regional grid.
China's UHVAC lines now:
Webinar on tools for assessing national #climate pledges (NDCs) by @WRIClimate. @davidwaskow reminds: #ParisAgreement is meant to work thru an iterative process of increasing ambition (faster emission reductions), leading to #netzero emissions by 2050. (Thread 1/n)
The world is currently WAY over our #carbonbudget for where we need to be to align with #ParisAgreement. Orange= countries will do under any event; red = conditional (e.g., will do if they get needed finance). We have LOTSA emissions to reduce fast @davidwaskow @WRIClimate (2/n)
Of 21 indicators assessed for #ParisAgreement:
2 are on track (e.g., crop yields)
13 right direction but too slow (e.g., need electric vehicle sales to be 22x faster than now)
2 in wrong direction: forests, ag emissions
@davidwaskow from @climateactiontr, @WRIClimate et al 3/n
Current state of play: 12 Dec 2021= 5 year #ParisAgreement anniversary. Look for more announcements of national climate pledges. Some new pledges already released, but many govt's focused on #COVID19 recovery- important to link with climate-compatible recovery. @davidwaskow 4/n
What is https://t.co/kymb46d9yv?
100s of credible datasets,
100,000s of data points
to assess #climate trends, targets, bring transparency to inform + drive #ClimateAction.
For govts, biz, researchers, NGOs
Run by @JohannesFried.
(See also other forest, energy, ... tools) 5/n
The world is currently WAY over our #carbonbudget for where we need to be to align with #ParisAgreement. Orange= countries will do under any event; red = conditional (e.g., will do if they get needed finance). We have LOTSA emissions to reduce fast @davidwaskow @WRIClimate (2/n)
Of 21 indicators assessed for #ParisAgreement:
2 are on track (e.g., crop yields)
13 right direction but too slow (e.g., need electric vehicle sales to be 22x faster than now)
2 in wrong direction: forests, ag emissions
@davidwaskow from @climateactiontr, @WRIClimate et al 3/n
Current state of play: 12 Dec 2021= 5 year #ParisAgreement anniversary. Look for more announcements of national climate pledges. Some new pledges already released, but many govt's focused on #COVID19 recovery- important to link with climate-compatible recovery. @davidwaskow 4/n
What is https://t.co/kymb46d9yv?
100s of credible datasets,
100,000s of data points
to assess #climate trends, targets, bring transparency to inform + drive #ClimateAction.
For govts, biz, researchers, NGOs
Run by @JohannesFried.
(See also other forest, energy, ... tools) 5/n
1/9. There are many problems with this rule. Pruitt/Wheeler threw out EPA's own established procedures to short-circuit the science review: changes to the review process since 2017 undermined its quality, credibility, and integrity.
2/9. Pruitt/Wheeler kicked all 7 members off the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee, and replaced them under a policy found to be arbitrary and capricious by the U.S. district court of SDNY. The repopulated CASAC has the appearance of lack of impartiality.
3/9. Wheeler refused to form a CASAC Ozone Review Panel 3 months after EPA issued a call for nominations for such a panel, thereby depriving CASAC of the breadth, depth, and diversity of expertise, experience and perspectives needed for ozone NAAQS Review.
4/9. The Ozone review process was truncated and accelerated, leading to inadequate scientific review, and inappropriate commingling of science and policy reviews. Fewer opportunities for public comment created a less transparent NAAQS scientific review process
5/9. As professional malpractice, the stripped down and reconstituted CASAC offered advice outside of its expertise, particularly with regard to epidemiology (there were zero epidemiologists on CASAC). The CASAC chair imposed a burden of proof contrary to that of the CAA.
#EPA's status quo rule to leave its current ground-level ozone standard in place cleared #OIRA review yesterday after just two weeks. An agency announcement is coming this afternoon. #AirPollution pic.twitter.com/lIGAQBBgkL
— Sean Reilly (@SeanatGreenwire) December 23, 2020
2/9. Pruitt/Wheeler kicked all 7 members off the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee, and replaced them under a policy found to be arbitrary and capricious by the U.S. district court of SDNY. The repopulated CASAC has the appearance of lack of impartiality.
3/9. Wheeler refused to form a CASAC Ozone Review Panel 3 months after EPA issued a call for nominations for such a panel, thereby depriving CASAC of the breadth, depth, and diversity of expertise, experience and perspectives needed for ozone NAAQS Review.
4/9. The Ozone review process was truncated and accelerated, leading to inadequate scientific review, and inappropriate commingling of science and policy reviews. Fewer opportunities for public comment created a less transparent NAAQS scientific review process
5/9. As professional malpractice, the stripped down and reconstituted CASAC offered advice outside of its expertise, particularly with regard to epidemiology (there were zero epidemiologists on CASAC). The CASAC chair imposed a burden of proof contrary to that of the CAA.
Ahh fuckit part of my @threadapalooza thread had a clear subtopic and wanted to be its own thread.
Here's the thread about "membranes" as a metaphor for groups of people.
15a/ Membranes. Monists go on about how everything is one, which is true in a sense but also have you noticed that some things are inside and some things are outside? The role of skin, or the walls of a house, or a windshield on a car, is it keeps inside in & outside out.
15b/ Membranes can be applied to groups, and we can talk about a few different kinds of membranes that you might see around a particular group of people:
- closed membrane
- closed web
- semipermeable membrane
- open network
15c/ Closed Membrane: eg a company, family or country. Maybe a way to join it, but you need an active & explicit invitation by the members, whether that’s a job application or a marriage or an immigration process. Lots of intentional community houses are also like this.
15d/ Closed Web: consider a friend group. You don't exactly need an invitation from everyone in the group to join, but you do need to make friends with *someone* in the group. Polycules (except polyfidelity) work similarly, usually.
Here's the thread about "membranes" as a metaphor for groups of people.
15/ One metaphor I've heard people use for regulating group dynamics is of a cell membrane
— Malcolm is back by the \U0001f30ecean! (@Malcolm_Ocean) December 21, 2020
(what's my prompt again? "Spatial metaphors for human systems" ...idk what counts as spatial - everything's pretty spatial to me. I guess I'll avoid computer stuff tho\u2014doing great so far)
15a/ Membranes. Monists go on about how everything is one, which is true in a sense but also have you noticed that some things are inside and some things are outside? The role of skin, or the walls of a house, or a windshield on a car, is it keeps inside in & outside out.
15b/ Membranes can be applied to groups, and we can talk about a few different kinds of membranes that you might see around a particular group of people:
- closed membrane
- closed web
- semipermeable membrane
- open network
15c/ Closed Membrane: eg a company, family or country. Maybe a way to join it, but you need an active & explicit invitation by the members, whether that’s a job application or a marriage or an immigration process. Lots of intentional community houses are also like this.
15d/ Closed Web: consider a friend group. You don't exactly need an invitation from everyone in the group to join, but you do need to make friends with *someone* in the group. Polycules (except polyfidelity) work similarly, usually.
One of Germany’s most prominent economists, Hans-Werner Sinn, warns of hyperinflation; he links it directly to Hitler's rise to power. A distortion of history: the rise of the Nazis was preceded by deflation, exacerbated by fiscal austerity. Thread /1
https://t.co/hmAz0tsyuv
Sinn says hyperinflation after WW1 impoverished the German middle class in the Weimar Republic: "Ten years later they elected Adolf Hitler as Reich Chancellor." Policy recommendation today against hyperinflation: "tighter budget constraints" /2
https://t.co/ydfxgiCpkD
Sinn thus feeds a widespread misinterpretation. Mass poverty when the Nazis came to power in 1933 was not the result of hyperinflation, which at that time was ten years in the past; it was primarily a consequence of mass unemployment due to the recession in the early 1930s. /3
The Nazis had come to power after years of deflation - i.e. falling prices. From 1930 onwards, Reich Chancellor Brüning used emergency decrees to bring about tax increases and drastic state spending cuts that pierced the social safety net. /4
Austerity policies increased unemployment, led to social suffering and unrest. Hitler realised by the end of 1931 at the latest that Brüning's austerity policy would "help his party to victory and thus end the illusions of the present system." /5
https://t.co/yRN6hseciX
https://t.co/hmAz0tsyuv
Sinn says hyperinflation after WW1 impoverished the German middle class in the Weimar Republic: "Ten years later they elected Adolf Hitler as Reich Chancellor." Policy recommendation today against hyperinflation: "tighter budget constraints" /2
https://t.co/ydfxgiCpkD
Sinn thus feeds a widespread misinterpretation. Mass poverty when the Nazis came to power in 1933 was not the result of hyperinflation, which at that time was ten years in the past; it was primarily a consequence of mass unemployment due to the recession in the early 1930s. /3
The Nazis had come to power after years of deflation - i.e. falling prices. From 1930 onwards, Reich Chancellor Brüning used emergency decrees to bring about tax increases and drastic state spending cuts that pierced the social safety net. /4
Austerity policies increased unemployment, led to social suffering and unrest. Hitler realised by the end of 1931 at the latest that Brüning's austerity policy would "help his party to victory and thus end the illusions of the present system." /5
https://t.co/yRN6hseciX
Yesterday, I published my #Festivus waste report, which highlighted $54 billion in truly outlandish waste in government.
Remember this the next time they tell you there’s “nothing to cut.”
I’ll give you some examples of it here:
Researchers used federal funds from grants worth $1,327,781.72 to see if you’ll eat ground-up bugs. Read more here: https://t.co/BU1CjiZdgS
The National Institutes of Health is spending $3,452,234.00 to test if social media messages will get moms to stop their adolescent daughters from using indoor tanning salons. Read more here: https://t.co/BU1CjiZdgS
Remember this the next time they tell you there’s “nothing to cut.”
I’ll give you some examples of it here:
Researchers used federal funds from grants worth $1,327,781.72 to see if you’ll eat ground-up bugs. Read more here: https://t.co/BU1CjiZdgS
The National Institutes of Health is spending $3,452,234.00 to test if social media messages will get moms to stop their adolescent daughters from using indoor tanning salons. Read more here: https://t.co/BU1CjiZdgS
1/
🧵 THREAD about probably one of the BEST discussions about social value of work, economic wealth and fairness in a while.
40 mins with @amolrajan, @PJTheEconomist @elerianm @KGerlich777 Louise Casey
@davidgraeber 🗣️ "The more your job helps others, the less you get paid"
2/
Reminded me of @euan_lawson for @BJGPjournal quoting Michael Sandel on meritocracy: https://t.co/tAl6sobtKW
🗣️ "In an unequal society, those who land on top want to believe their success is morally justified. In a meritocratic society, this means the winners must believe...
3/
🗣️ "...they have earned their success through their own talent and hard work.… at a time when racism and sexism are out of favor (discredited though not eliminated), credentialism is the last acceptable prejudice."
4/
@PJTheEconomist over the last 20 years:
⬇️ 30% per person spending on social care
⬆️ 100% more hospital doctors.
No extra GPs - actually the number of full time equivalents is dropping: https://t.co/n20woUk0Wu
And they aren't equally distributed either (inverse-care law)
5/
When we look at care work @KGerlich777 talks about care sector:
➡️ How it is heavily gendered? 80% women
➡️ How poorly it is paid and misconceptions about what it involves.
Louise Casey explaining needed huge reform and re-structure
🧵 THREAD about probably one of the BEST discussions about social value of work, economic wealth and fairness in a while.
40 mins with @amolrajan, @PJTheEconomist @elerianm @KGerlich777 Louise Casey
@davidgraeber 🗣️ "The more your job helps others, the less you get paid"
Wow: thanks for the humbling response #RETHINK on @BBCRadio4
— Amol Rajan (@amolrajan) January 4, 2021
Superb guests were @PJTheEconomist, @elerianm, Louise Casey, and Karolina Gerlich from the Care Workers' Charity.
But most credit to the producers: Louise Hidalgo, Derrick Bennett, Ros Jones https://t.co/vYHRDHvihq
2/
Reminded me of @euan_lawson for @BJGPjournal quoting Michael Sandel on meritocracy: https://t.co/tAl6sobtKW
🗣️ "In an unequal society, those who land on top want to believe their success is morally justified. In a meritocratic society, this means the winners must believe...
3/
🗣️ "...they have earned their success through their own talent and hard work.… at a time when racism and sexism are out of favor (discredited though not eliminated), credentialism is the last acceptable prejudice."
4/
@PJTheEconomist over the last 20 years:
⬇️ 30% per person spending on social care
⬆️ 100% more hospital doctors.
No extra GPs - actually the number of full time equivalents is dropping: https://t.co/n20woUk0Wu
And they aren't equally distributed either (inverse-care law)
5/
When we look at care work @KGerlich777 talks about care sector:
➡️ How it is heavily gendered? 80% women
➡️ How poorly it is paid and misconceptions about what it involves.
Louise Casey explaining needed huge reform and re-structure
Nice article from @MESandbu. This from a theme in sellside research before Christmas. Could the pandemic break secular stagnation & deliver a decade of strong growth?
Historical evidence clear - pandemics are usually deflationary, causing lower r*. Big difference with wars, which usually cause r* to rise. Great Jorda et al paper on this
Here is their main result
Historically, Wars destroyed both capital stock and labour force. Pandemics killed millions but left capital stock untouched. Covid-19 is neither of these things. Workforce hasn't plunged, capital stock untouched. Comparison with 1920s is a stretch. So precedent for today..
Some more recent evidence based on modern health crises shows only a short-lived boost to GDP, then weaker trend then before. See this Vox column
\u201cYou do not have to be an economist, only human, to understand the desire to let loose, get together, and take risks after a year of cautiously locking down at home and distancing ourselves from one another.\u201d From a wonderful @MESandbu colhttps://t.co/MvFMmeLs5G
— Tony Tassell (@TonyTassell) January 1, 2021
Historical evidence clear - pandemics are usually deflationary, causing lower r*. Big difference with wars, which usually cause r* to rise. Great Jorda et al paper on this
Here is their main result
Historically, Wars destroyed both capital stock and labour force. Pandemics killed millions but left capital stock untouched. Covid-19 is neither of these things. Workforce hasn't plunged, capital stock untouched. Comparison with 1920s is a stretch. So precedent for today..
Some more recent evidence based on modern health crises shows only a short-lived boost to GDP, then weaker trend then before. See this Vox column
1/18 Further thread on Air Policing in peacetime and implications for Irish foreign policy: there are so many different options available for air policing on the market that to go into all of them is unrealistic and ends up in a 'top trumps' style contest. @BerryCathal @donlav
2/18 That’s before you get to the whole argument about twin engine vs single engine safety overwater argument. For now, it’s enough to put forward the options in broad outline.
Option 1: Surface-to-Air missiles only
This option is included because there’s always someone...
3/18 ...who will say ‘just get missiles’, because they think that this will be somehow cheaper. Modern long-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems, however, are not significantly less expensive than fighter jets. They also have an issue in how many times you can use them.
4/18 They have an even bigger issue in that your solution to what may only be an airliner with a broken transponder is to blow it out of the sky.
@ConorHogarty @mupper2 @kevpipps
5/18 While there are many good reasons why the @defenceforces should upgrade its SAM capability, these are largely related to the blended warfare now being rolled out globally with the increasing use of basic drones and larger unmanned aerial systems. @conormlally @RuthMCasey
1/6 Next thread re Air Policing is on Airborne Early Warning (AEW) aircraft (to follow on from Radar, QRA and tankers). Previously the domain of only the richest countries, an increasing number of nations are availing of AEW aircraft to act as another force multiplier. https://t.co/LUpi2bZYBY
— IDFOC (@_IDFOC) December 16, 2020
2/18 That’s before you get to the whole argument about twin engine vs single engine safety overwater argument. For now, it’s enough to put forward the options in broad outline.
Option 1: Surface-to-Air missiles only
This option is included because there’s always someone...
3/18 ...who will say ‘just get missiles’, because they think that this will be somehow cheaper. Modern long-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems, however, are not significantly less expensive than fighter jets. They also have an issue in how many times you can use them.
4/18 They have an even bigger issue in that your solution to what may only be an airliner with a broken transponder is to blow it out of the sky.
@ConorHogarty @mupper2 @kevpipps
5/18 While there are many good reasons why the @defenceforces should upgrade its SAM capability, these are largely related to the blended warfare now being rolled out globally with the increasing use of basic drones and larger unmanned aerial systems. @conormlally @RuthMCasey
The solution to this problem is to figure out credible reasons to justify the number of indian military personnel, and the expenses of maintaining this relationship. Once you do that, reveal the details, and they lose leverage to push through this issue. /1
And that means owning up to why Indian military assistance is needed. This requires large national conversation about the threat of Islamic extremists in the Maldives, explain the dangers and the opportunity cost of an attack etc. /2
People will except we'll reasoned decision making. And the public already has a frame of reference to indian military assistance from November 3rd 1988. So none of this is new or a surprise. /3
What is being weaponised is this imagined spectre of loss of autonomy for the country by collaborating with indian military on national security issues. This is an easy problem to solve. /4
The solution is merely laying out how national autonomy is maintained in such a national security collaboration. It's not like the Maldives can defend itself from any foreign military invasion anyways. /5
\u0787\u07a8\u0782\u07b0\u0791\u07a8\u0787\u07a7 \u0790\u07a8\u078a\u07a6\u0787\u07a8\u0782\u07b0\u078e\u07ac \u0787\u07a6\u078b\u07a6\u078b\u07aa \u0780\u07a7\u0789\u07a6\u0782\u07aa\u0786\u07aa\u0783\u07a8 \u0789\u07a6\u0787\u07b0\u0790\u07a6\u078d\u07a6 \u0780\u07a6\u0787\u07a8 \u0786\u07af\u0793\u07aa\u0782\u07b0 \u0784\u07a6\u078d\u07a6\u0787\u07a8\u078e\u07ac\u0782\u07b0\u078a\u07a8 https://t.co/qIYqo1RCo0
— Mihaaru (@Mihaarunews) December 8, 2020
And that means owning up to why Indian military assistance is needed. This requires large national conversation about the threat of Islamic extremists in the Maldives, explain the dangers and the opportunity cost of an attack etc. /2
People will except we'll reasoned decision making. And the public already has a frame of reference to indian military assistance from November 3rd 1988. So none of this is new or a surprise. /3
What is being weaponised is this imagined spectre of loss of autonomy for the country by collaborating with indian military on national security issues. This is an easy problem to solve. /4
The solution is merely laying out how national autonomy is maintained in such a national security collaboration. It's not like the Maldives can defend itself from any foreign military invasion anyways. /5
Sir @LLinWood
You opened a portal
I went through a journey and this is what I found
I started looking for Italian luxury fashion industries
Connect with the way of Silk?
Story always repeated itself https://t.co/op65Y1OMtz
China slowly buying everything
Industries and part of banks power
With politicians signing agreements
And powerful industries in main sectors too
You opened a portal
I went through a journey and this is what I found
I started looking for Italian luxury fashion industries
Connect with the way of Silk?
Story always repeated itself https://t.co/op65Y1OMtz
Did you know that Chinese Communist Party owns THE Panama Canal?
— Lin Wood (@LLinWood) December 13, 2020
Did you know that CCP built its own Suez Canal next to one built by America?
Do you know how much land CCP has purchased in Africa, South America & United States?
Wake up America.#FightBack
China slowly buying everything
Industries and part of banks power
With politicians signing agreements
And powerful industries in main sectors too