End of the year scorecard: 2020 has been a difficult, dangerous and depressing year. Like last year, I again read 41 books this year- it was reading which kept me going through these gloomy times. I also reviewed 4 books, which are mentioned on the top of this list of 41 books

1) Black Wave: Saudi Arabia, Iran and the Rivalry That Unravelled the Middle East
2) Islam, Authoritarianism, and Underdevelopment: A Global and Historical Comparison by Ahmet Kuru
3) The Nine Lives of Pakistan: Dispatches from a Divided Nation by Declan Walsh
4) Pakistan: A Kaleidoscope of Islam by Mariam Abou Zahab
5) On the Meaning of Life by Will Durant
6) Pakistan- The Politics of the misgoverned by Azhar Hassan Nadeem
7) Crafty Oligarchs, Savvy voters: Democracy Under Inequality in Rural Pakistan by Shandana Khan Mohmand
8) The Bhutto Dynasty: The Struggle for Power in Pakistan by Owen Bennett-Jones
9) The battle for Pakistan by Shuja Nawaz
10) Pakistan's Political Parties by Nahid Siddiqui, Mariam Mufti, and Sahar Shafqat
11) Pakistan at Seventy by Shahid Javed Burki
12) New Perspectives on Pakistan's Political Economy: State, Class and Social Change by Akbar Zaidi and Mathew MacCartney
13) Aap Beeti Jug Beeti by Saad Khairi
14) Fading Memories of Islamabad by Saud Mukhtar
15) Punjab and the War of Independence 1857-1858: From Collaboration to Resistance by Turab ul Hasan Sangrana
16) Royals and Rebels: The Rise and Fall of the Sikh Empire by Priya Atwal
17) People's History of Punjab by Manzur Ejaz
18) Mastery by Robert Greene
19) The 48 Laws of Power by Robert Greene
20) The 33 Strategies of War by Robert Greene
21) The 50th Law by Robert Greene
22) Exercise of Power by Robert Gates
23) The Riddle of History: The Great Speculators from Vico to Freud by Bruce Mazlish
24) How Democracies Die by Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt
25) The Man on Horseback: The Role of Military in Politics by S E Finer
26) India in the Persianate Age 1000-1765 by Richard Eaton
27) The Emperor Who Never Was: Dara Shukoh in Mughal India by Supriya Gandhi
28) Iran Reframed: Anxieties of Power in the Islamic Republic by Narges Bajoghli
29) Leadership in War: Essential Lessons from who made History by Andrew Roberts
30) The Army and Democracy: Military Politics in Pakistan by Aqil Shah
31) Crashed: How a Decade of Financial Crises Changed the World by Adam Tooze
32) Partition: The story of Indian independence and the creation of Pakistan in 1947 by Barney White-Spunner
33) Cold War in the Islamic World: Saudi Arabia, Iran and the Struggle for Supremacy by Dilip Hiro
34) The Tragedy of Great Power Politics by John Mearsheimer
35) India and Pakistan: Continued Conflict or Cooperation? by Stanley Wolpert
36) Prime Movers by Ferdinand Mount
37) Profiles in Leadership: Historians on the Elusive Quality of Greatness by Walter Issacson
38) The Siege of Mecca: The Forgotten Uprising in Islam's Holiest Shrine and the Birth of al-Qaeda by Yaroslav Trofimov
39) Mencken's America by H.L.Mencken
40) The Strategy of Conflict by Thomas Schelling.
41) Grand Strategies: Literature, Statecraft, and World Order by Charles Hill

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I'm going to do two history threads on Ethiopia, one on its ancient history, one on its modern story (1800 to today). 🇪🇹

I'll begin with the ancient history ... and it goes way back. Because modern humans - and before that, the ancestors of humans - almost certainly originated in Ethiopia. 🇪🇹 (sub-thread):


The first likely historical reference to Ethiopia is ancient Egyptian records of trade expeditions to the "Land of Punt" in search of gold, ebony, ivory, incense, and wild animals, starting in c 2500 BC 🇪🇹


Ethiopians themselves believe that the Queen of Sheba, who visited Israel's King Solomon in the Bible (c 950 BC), came from Ethiopia (not Yemen, as others believe). Here she is meeting Solomon in a stain-glassed window in Addis Ababa's Holy Trinity Church. 🇪🇹


References to the Queen of Sheba are everywhere in Ethiopia. The national airline's frequent flier miles are even called "ShebaMiles". 🇪🇹
Great article from @AsheSchow. I lived thru the 'Satanic Panic' of the 1980's/early 1990's asking myself "Has eveyrbody lost their GODDAMN MINDS?!"


The 3 big things that made the 1980's/early 1990's surreal for me.

1) Satanic Panic - satanism in the day cares ahhhh!

2) "Repressed memory" syndrome

3) Facilitated Communication [FC]

All 3 led to massive abuse.

"Therapists" -and I use the term to describe these quacks loosely - would hypnotize people & convince they they were 'reliving' past memories of Mom & Dad killing babies in Satanic rituals in the basement while they were growing up.

Other 'therapists' would badger kids until they invented stories about watching alligators eat babies dropped into a lake from a hot air balloon. Kids would deny anything happened for hours until the therapist 'broke through' and 'found' the 'truth'.

FC was a movement that started with the claim severely handicapped individuals were able to 'type' legible sentences & communicate if a 'helper' guided their hands over a keyboard.