BC CLIMATE CHANGE
Saved by @WebbDarrrel

Thread on snow ratios. The snow ratio, or snow-to-liquid ratio states how many inches of snow, when melted, yields one inch of liquid water. Ratios are usually around 10:1 or 12:1, but can vary from as little as 6:1 or as high as 30:1, or sometimes more. 1/

 There's a common misunderstanding that the colder the surface temp is, the higher the snow ratio will be (fluffier snow). This is incorrect. As long is the surface temp is not close to freezing, it really doesn't matter all that much. 2/
As the surface temp gets close to or exceeds freezing, more snow is lost to melting, yielding lower ratios and heavy, wet snow. The same reasoning also applies to temps above the ground; if they exceed freezing, sleet or rain can mix with the snow, dramatically lowering ratios 3/
Much more important is the dendritic growth zone (DGZ), the layer of the atmosphere with temperatures between -12 and -18C. In this layer, snowflakes grow as dendrites, which can easily clump together into aggregates, which contain a lot of air, increasing the ratio 4/
At warmer or colder temps, the flakes grow as plates, columns, or needles, which don't clump together as well and contain less air, lowering the ratio. To make this even more complicated, there's also a dependence on atmospheric humidity. 5/
Ratios are maximized for
1) Large upward motion in the DGZ, which depends on the forcing for ascent and the stability of the DGZ and
2) A deep DGZ
6/
These two factors often oppose each other, however, because a deep DGZ means that this layer is very stable and requires more forcing to get the same amount of ascent. If the DGZ is shallower, it is less stable, and less forcing is required to produce ascent. 7/
One scenario that leads to high ratios is a shallow DGZ characterized by steep lapse rates in the presence of strong forcing for ascent. There are often steep lapse rates throughout the troposphere too. This is often the case in thundersnow scenarios 8/
A second scenario that leads to high ratios is a deep DGZ (meaning that it is very stable), with steeper lapse rates and ascent above it. In this case, the snowflakes grow as dendrites and aggregate on the way down. 9/
Snowflakes fall at an average of 1 m/s, meaning that if the DGZ is 3 km deep, these flakes experience almost an hour of dendritic growth on the way down. 10/
An example leading to low ratios is modest lapse rates in the DGZ (the in-between scenario), and surface temperatures near freezing 11/
The Kuchera ratio method attempts to account for melting or mixing when the temp is near freezing, but only accounts for column-max T and doesn't consider the DGZ at all. Here's the equation and graph, courtesy of @burgwx.12/
Thus, on maps, the patterns of column-max temp and Kuchera ratio always follow identical patterns 13/
Although Kuchera is certainly an improvement on a static 10:1 ratio, my experience is that the Kuchera ratio is too high in marginal snowfall regimes when melting/mixing is important, and also in very cold regimes (column-max T < -20C) because the DGZ doesn't even exist! 14/
Observed snow ratios and an empirical fit illustrate this nicely /fin

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Robbie Watt
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A brilliant talk that punctures current discourse on climate ambition in Scotland, setting out what's really needed, by @KevinClimate for @ScotClimateCA

📽️ https://t.co/i02FtSkJT8 📽️

Well worth watching. Otherwise, here's a summary thread 👇
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Just as no amount of flat temperature data would dissuade the climate cult, so no amount of flat (or even negative!) data on mask effectiveness will shake the faith of the Church of Covid. Beautiful Theories cannot be disproven by mere information.

The "Covid emergency" will never be over. It will mutate and seek out new missions when this particular virus threat abates, repurposing its funding and clinging to its power. They're already talking up the "next pandemic" and how we must forever remain at DEFCON 2 to be ready.

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I previously 👇 documented 20 mechanisms through which climate change is 𝘢𝘭𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘥𝘺 disrupting food production.

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2. Decreased content of key nutrients in major

3. Reduced chill hours required for many plants to bloom normally in the

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Long thread here... from Keith, on tree guards:

I really don’t want to spread 120,000 plastic tree guards across the side of our lovely hill, the hill where I grew up and now farm, on the eastern edge of the Black Mountains. So, I’ve taken a good look at the pros,... 1/25


the cons and the alternatives, to try and decide rationally, which is the best approach for our plant on the Bryn Arw.

It has become the accepted norm in the UK that to plant a tree, you need to put your sapling in the ground and then wrap a plastic tree guard around it.

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k\u0101rthik \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \U0001f1ee\U0001f1f3\U0001f1ee\U0001f1f3\U0001f1ee\U0001f1f3 | Sanatani
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Hello Dear Tweeples!

It’s Siddhars time of the week! Last week I shared story of Guru (Machamuni or Yogi Matsyendranath), this week I bring you information on his Shishya.

#Thread on Gorakanathar Siddhar.

@LostTemple7


His origin story is interesting, though I couldn’t verify it’s authenticity, so not sharing the story here. He’s shishya of Machamuni Siddhar and also learnt from Agasthiya Siddhar.

@HelloNNewman @RajiIndustani @Kishoreciyer1

Unlike other Siddhars, he is depicted as either with a Tiger or seated & wearing Tiger skin. While I couldn’t find any explanation for this. My interpretation is as follows:

Tiger is a predator that lurks around and attacks unexpectedly.


Our 5 indriyas and 5 vikitis also similar to Tiger, they lurk around and attacks our thoughts when we’re least expecting. Gorakkar is said to have mastered these aspects, thus to denote this, he shown with Tiger.

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Gorakanathar or Gorakshnath (as he’s known in the Nath Sampraday) is celebrated Guru in both Northern and Southern part of India. He’s one of the NavNath in Nath Sampraday and also 18 Siddhars of Tamil tradition. During his life, he’s travelled Indian subcontinent extensively +
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