Thread on Drug Development process 🧵

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@unseenvalue

Topics Covered :
1.Introduction to CRO,CDMO,CMO & CRAMS
2.Discovery
3.Clinical Trials
4.Commercialization and Surveillance
5.Success Rates
6.CRO
7.CMO
8.CDMO
9.CRAMS

1. Introduction :
What are CROs, CDMOs, CMOs and CRAMS? How are they different from each other and what value do they add to the Pharma Value Chain? To understand these concepts, we took a look at the drug discovery process.

The APIs manufactured by our Indian players lie at the end of this value chain. There is a whole process that comes before it that takes a lot more time and costs a lot of money.

On average, it takes about 10 to 15 years for a drug to make it to market. It costs hundreds of millions, if not billions of dollars to bring one drug to market.

A drug goes through 3 big phases on it’s way to make it to market - the discovery phase, clinical testing phase and the commercialization phase. Once we understand these phases, it makes it easy to understand the role of CROs and CDMOs

Once in a while one should study the company which lacked the execution, which always over-promised and under delivered. Check how market valued it over the period of time. As it gives us the framework to avoid potential capital allocation mistakes i future. 🧪⚗️

Unique Business Model
#Tipsindustries

CMP- Rs 1296

A Thread 🧵

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@NeilBahal

Topis covered:
1. Tips Industries Overview
2.Music Segment
3.Monetization
4. Tips Business Model
5.Acquisition Cost
6. Tips Film Business
7. Tips YouTube

8. Why Should Artists Choose Tips Over Other Labels?
9.Financials
10.Future Growth
11.Content Acquisition
12. Conclusion

1. Tips Industries Overview
It was founded by Kumar S. Taurani and Ramesh S. Taurani in 1975.
In 1975, the Taurani brothers used to trade

in LP’s (Long Playing Phonograph Records) for three of the biggest companies in India – HMV, Music India & CBS. By 1977, they had become the biggest dealers for these companies in Western India.
Driven by the ambition of both the brothers started their own record label.

TIPS Industries Limited is a leading Indian music label which creates and monetises music. Apart from music segment it is also into Film Production,Film Distribution & Film Promotion

2. Music Segment
Tips has an extensive catalog of film, non-film, devotional, pop & remixes

Tips has a library with more than 29,000 songs, Tips has a very fresh catalog with songs released in 2000 and most major hits of the 90s. Tips has a major Atif Aslam Library.

3. Monetization
Tips monetizes its songs just like other music labels i.e through distribution deals

Reason for high repeatability for songs is due to connection with old memories !

#IGX (Indian Gas Exchange) Revenue Calculation

Watch this video to understand #IEX(Indian Energy Exchange) Business model
Link : https://t.co/rqll7Ct9Cn

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Clinical Trial Process | A Thread🧵

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We have discussed the drug discovery process in a previous 🧵. In this 🧵 we will attempt to shed some light on the clinical trials process to enhance our understanding of the drug discovery process

Topics Covered :
1. What are clinical trials
2. Why are they conducted
3. Phase 0 Trials
4. Phase 1 Trials
5. Types of studies in Phase 1
6. Phase 2 Trials
7. Phase 3 Trials
8. Filing of NDA
9. Phase 4 Trials
10. Success rates

1. What are clinical trials ?
A type of research study that tests how well new medical approaches work in people. These studies test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. Before doing a clinical trial, investigators conduct preclinical

research using human cell cultures or animal models. For example, they might test whether a new medication is toxic to a small sample of human cells in a laboratory.

2. Why are they conducted ?
Clinical trials are conducted to evaluate if a drug is safe for consumption by

human beings and if it is actually effective in curing or preventing a medical condition or disease. Keep in mind, this will be the first time that the drug will be tested on human beings.

3. Phase 0 trials
Phase 0 trials are also known as human micro-dosing study.

#Privy Speciality Chemical - Superior Business Model ?

A Detailed Thread 🧵🧵

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Price : ₹ 1986 🌹🥀

1. Privi started manufacturing in 1992 with only two products, now having more than 50 products manufacturing at Mahad and Gujrat facilities.

2. India's leading manufacturer, supplier and exporter of aroma and fragrance chemicals.

3. Privi has developed a backward integrated value chain and manufactures value-added products from the waste generated during the manufacturing process

Management

Industry Outlook
1. Aroma chemicals which form the building blocks of the F & F industry is a size of about USD 5.5bn. This multi-billion-dollar industry impacts daily life for consumers worldwide, often on multiple fronts: From the toothpaste we use, to the coffee, tea,

#Neogen Chemicals - Niche Bromine & Lithium Manufacturer ?

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CMP - ₹1596

1. Introduction

Neogen chemicals ltd. was founded in 1991 by technocrat Harish Kanani.The company has expertise in bromine and lithium chemistries.
The products manufactured are served for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, engineering industries,

speciality chemicals companies in India, Europe, Usa, and Japan.
Increasing the revenue contribution from Custom Synthesis and Contract Manufacturing segments.

2. Promoters
IIT graduate and technocrat promoter Mr Haridas Kanani had set up India's first bromine plant in 1968, but it failed as the plant was hit by floods caused by Morbi dam. Lack of knowledge in business kept him away from insuring the plants.

Later years he worked as an engineering consultant for manufacturers to set up the bromine plants for others.
In 1989 the technocrat decided to set up Neogen chemicals Pvt. Ltd. and started the manufacturing of bromine compounds.

Net Profit vs Cash Flow from operations (CFO) - What is more important?

A short thread with examples

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1. Net income is the profit a company has earned for a period, while cash flow from operations measures the cash going in and out during a company's day-to-day operations i.e., the cash which is generated through its core business.

2. Net income is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold, operating expenses, depreciation & amortization, interest expense and taxes from total revenue.

3. Cash flow from operations is calculated by adding the non-cash expenses such as depreciation and amortization to the net profit and then subtracting the changes in working capital.

Now lets understand few differences between Net Profit and Cash Flow from operations (CFO)

1. Net profit is recorded on an accrual basis whereas CFO deals with only cash items. Income earned is recorded in the net profit even if cash is not received

#MTAR Technologies - Leader in Niche Precision Engineering 🛩️🛩️

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CMP - ₹ 1803

1. Company Overview

MTAR Technologies is a leader in the precision engineering industry. They serve clients in the Defence, Space, Nuclear and Clean Energy industries. The company is engaged in the manufacture of

mission-critical precision assemblies and components with close tolerance levels of 5-10 microns.

2. Business Segments

The company operates in 4 segments: Nuclear, Defence, Space and Clean Energy.

Nuclear: In the Nuclear Segment, the company is partnered with Nuclear

Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) which controls all operational, under construction and planned reactors in the country given India does not allow private participation. They manufacture products which are highly critical to the functioning of nuclear reactors.

They have 14 kinds of products with a wide range of applications.

Defence: In this segment, the company has undertaken complex assemblies for the DRDO, such as the base shroud assembly for Agni missiles and the assembly of Secondary Injection Thrust Vector Control (SITVC)