https://t.co/DF40S9biYF
Unfortunately the observed ORF8 inactivation or the nsp6 SGF deletion are both indicative of T cell depletion, yet the deletion of HV and Y suggest functional B cell immunity—specifically the HV deletion is not observed in the patient nor the ORF8

@BallouxFrancois Deactivation. The nsp6 SGF is located in an ER exposed loop that is conserved even in long passage within immunocompromised patients. The loop likely interacts with nsp3 and help antagonizing cellular autophagy. And human-like B cell immunity does not cause deletion here.
@BallouxFrancois Cellular autophagy help display peptides on MHC class II molecules, and ORF8 removed MHC class I molecules. The loss of both functions suggest the host cytotoxic T cell immunity is not functional yet the S deletions are consistent with B cell immunity in an altered host
@BallouxFrancois Environment. As the long covid-associated immnocompromisation was not found to cause either SGF deletions (or any deletions) in ORF1ab nor does it inactivate ORF8, Cytotoxic T cells are functional enough in these patients to require both functions to remain intact.
@BallouxFrancois It can not be HIV since that https://t.co/yKJIxeSzlf depletes helper T cells instead of cytotoxic T cells https://t.co/h0aN2vnkLk ,ironically creating a patient condition that is B-cell deficient but not T-cell deficient.
@BallouxFrancois It just happened that CD8 knockout mice are https://t.co/AAz9fV5p4A “deficient in functional cytotoxic T-cells; however, helper T-cell development and function is comparable to normal.” And are models for both vaccination and challenge trials for LAV vaccines due to specific
@BallouxFrancois Serum B-cell immunity associated with these animals. Combined with evidence of accelerated viral dynamics evident of a non-human host, and the observation that P681H, that is not observed in immunodeficient patient passage but mimics the S1-S2 sequence of MHV, removing a heparan
@BallouxFrancois Sulfate binding motif in the S1-S2, https://t.co/nBCMX6RPGD
Which happened to be a requirement for human infection fitness,
https://t.co/Ytdb1hkZdU
Also suggest a mouse host (which hosts non-Heparan sulfate binding MHV A59 and other non-cell passaged MHV strains) being likely.
@BallouxFrancois https://t.co/k1ViIDUHCq
Notice that for this other case the same kind of deletion—multiple AAs in the S position 144 and no deletion at S position 69-70, and a single deletion in the nsp1 removing a single Methionine residue, was found. This indicate functional B and T cell
@BallouxFrancois Immunity during passage, and the nsp6 SGF and ORF8 are likewise kept intact. The S1-S2 continues to bind Heparan Sulfate in this case, confirming it’s importance for fitness of infection in the human host. In this case the N501Y did not occur.
@BallouxFrancois The persistent infected immunocompromised patient scenario simply don’t fit with the UK isolate’s heightened sensitivity to cytotoxic T cell and evasion of B cell immunity. The GTNGTKR glycan loop being affected also suggest CTLR being different jn the passage host than humans.
@BallouxFrancois @threadreaderapp Unroll

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In some cases, almost 100% of the light energy can be converted to the second harmonic frequency. These cases typically involve intense pulsed laser beams passing through large crystals, and careful alignment to obtain phase matching.
Hugh Everett's birthday! Pioneer of the Many-Worlds Interpretation of quantum mechanics. Let us celebrate by thinking about ontological extravagance. I will do so by way of analogy, because I have found that everyone loves analogies and nobody ever willfully misconstrues them.


We look at the night sky and see photons arriving to us, emitted by distant stars. Let's contrast two different theories about how stars emit photons.

One theory says, we know how stars shine, and our equations predict that they emit photons roughly uniformly in all directions. Call this the "Many-Photons Interpretation" (MPI).

But! Others object. That is *so many photons*. Most of which we don't observe, and can't observe, since they're moving away at the speed of light. It's too ontologically extravagant to posit a huge number of unobservable things!

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The chorus of this song uses the shlokas taken from Sundarkand of Ramayana.

It is a series of Sanskrit shlokas recited by Jambavant to Hanuman to remind Him of his true potential.

1. धीवर प्रसार शौर्य भरा: The brave persevering one, your bravery is taking you forward.


2. उतसारा स्थिरा घम्भीरा: The one who is leaping higher and higher, who is firm and stable and seriously determined.

3. ुग्रामा असामा शौर्या भावा: He is strong, and without an equal in the ability/mentality to fight

4. रौद्रमा नवा भीतिर्मा: His anger will cause new fears in his foes.

5.विजिटरीपुरु धीरधारा, कलोथरा शिखरा कठोरा: This is a complex expression seen only in Indic language poetry. The poet is stating that Shivudu is experiencing the intensity of climbing a tough peak, and likening

it to the feeling in a hard battle, when you see your enemy defeated, and blood flowing like a rivulet. This is classical Veera rasa.

6.कुलकु थारथिलीथा गम्भीरा, जाया विराट वीरा: His rough body itself is like a sharp weapon (because he is determined to win). Hail this complete

hero of the world.

7.विलयगागनथाला भिकारा, गरज्जद्धरा गारा: The hero is destructive in the air/sky as well (because he can leap at an enemy from a great height). He can defeat the enemy (simply) with his fearsome roar of war.