EXPLANATION OF THE EXISTENCE OF DARK MATTER AND DARK ENERGY !

What Is Dark Energy ?

More is unknown than is known. We know how much dark energy there is because we know how it affects the universe's expansion. Other than that, it is a complete mystery.

KRISHNA ELLA - THE MAN BEHIND COVAXIN

This whole article is written by Dev Kumar Sir.

On the border between Tamilnadu and erstwhile Andhra , lies the temple town of Thiruthani, one of the six famed abodes of Lord Muruga. Krishnamurthy Ella was born in 1969,

in an agricultural family to middle class parents. No one could have imagined his trajectory.

Perhaps because of his background, Krishna wanted to study agriculture. His father wasn’t pleased - he told his son “Nobody becomes a farmer by just studying agriculture” .

Unfazed, Krishna joined University of Agricultural sciences in Bangalore. His passion and hardwork earned him a gold medal. Unlike “ordinary” gold medalists, he wasn’t content to get a job.

Nevertheless he supported himself after undergrad by working briefly in the agricultural division of Bayer Pharma. He longed for more. He got a rotary scholarship which enabled him to move to the US, to do his PhD in University of Wisconsin.

The scholarship was the wind under his wings. There was no looking back.

His speciality was molecular biology.

While in the US, he met Suchitra, an economics graduate and married her.

Average Indians in US would dream of a green card for themselves.

Story of Metro Man E. Sreedharan

There are some builders who need to get everything right in the first go. They cannot fail for on them rests millions of hopes. They are the class of nation builders. One such great builder of modern India is the Metro Man E. Sreedharan.

After graduating from college, Sreedharan started preparing for Indian Railway Service Examination (IRSE) while supporting himself as a college lecturer.

With in a year results were out. Sreedharan had secured an all India IRES rank of 7th. Sreedharan rose quickly in Railways

to become the youngest divisional manager at the age of 26 years. G. P. Warrier, a stalwart in Railways, recognized the spark in Sreedharan and gave him early opportunities to work on Pampan Bridge and later on Calcutta metro project.

Pampan Bridge, an engineering marvel built by Britishers in 1914, connects the holy town of Rameshwaram to mainland India. The bridge suffered severe damages in the cyclone of 1964. Sreedharan was given an impossible task to make the bridge operational in 3 months. Cyclone had

washed all 126 girders. Sreedharan’s out of box thinking and his early tryst with Port Engineering came to his rescue. He fished all 126 girders from the sea using specially crafted cranes and skilled laborers finishing the repair project in record time.

FIRST INDIAN COMPANY THAT STARTED TO DEVELOP & MANUFACTURE THE VACCINE PRODUCTS

A 🧵

Inspired by the Swadeshi revolution of the early 20th century, a young boy named Narendranath Dutta decided to dedicate his life for the national cause, but didn't know where to start.

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Despite being born & brought up in a very poor family, he had great human values (He was the son of a Sanskrit teacher), and by the time he finished schooling, he had realized the importance of healthcare and its role in national development.

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That's how he chose to pursue his higher education in medicine, and thanks to his hard work, he had managed to secure a medical seat with scholarship.

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But the scholarship was only for the college fees, which forced him to explore additional income in the form of part-time jobs apart from his full time study.

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Such was his humility that he actually agreed to work as a coolie at a nearby shipyard every night, and by sunrise, he would be back in the hostel to freshen up, and spend the whole day attending medical college.

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A KASHMIRI HINDU KING WHO BLASTED THE MYTH THAT INDIANS WERE NEVER ABLE TO CAPTURE ANY FOREIGN LANDS

Most of you have not heard of him !
Indian History is distorted to the level that we don’t know the ruler who had a empire bigger than Mughals though for a short period of time

Lalitaditya was the most powerful ruler of the Karkota dynasty of Kashmir. He ruled for 37 years from 724 to 761 CE. Due to his conquests, scholars have called him Alexander of Kashmir.

Laliataditya’s Indian Conquests

According to renowned historian, R. C. Majumdar’s ‘Ancient India’, Lalitaditya first faced Yashovarman, who was the successor of the famous ruler of the Pushyabhuti dynasty, Harshavardana.

He attached Yashovarman’s kingdom, Antarvedi, whose capital was Kanyakubja (Modern day Kanauj in UP) located between the Yamuna river and the Kalika river, and compelled him to sign a peace treaty after a long and intense war famously known as

“The Treaty of Yashovarman and Lalitaditya “. After consolidating power in Kanyakubja, Lalitaditya proceeded to the East reaching Kalinga (modern day Odisha) and Gauda (Bengal). After that he set out towards the Vindhyas where he met the Karnata queen, Ratta or Bhavangana of the

DO U KNOW WHO WAS THE FOUNDER OF YOUR FAVOURITE CHILDHOOD MAG CHANDAMAMA

A boy was born in Pottipadu, a little-known village in Cuddapah district in Andhra Pradesh some 109 years ago. The village school taught only epics like the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and the Bhagavatam.

The teacher told the children how to lead a righteous life. They were advised to get by heart the truths contained in our ancient works.

The boy, Nagi Reddi, later moved to Madras (now Chennai), where he attended a regular school for a few years. Before he could complete

his studies, he was called upon to join the family export business. As a youth, he was drawn to the country's fight for independence. He got involved in the Khadi movement. But his presence was required in Burma (now Myanmar) to look after the business.

However, the business suffered huge losses during the
Second World War, and he had to start life afresh. He established a printing press which led to his publishing venture. He launched Andhra Jyothi, a socio-political magazine.

This venture brought about his close association with Shri Chakrapani, a writer of repute. Between the two of them they visualised a magazine that would entertain and educate the children of India speaking different language. It was a bold idea .

"You don't see radio changing gradually and suddenly become radar. #Darwin's theory doesn't work for #technology, and we have to make a new observation."

- W Brian Arthur at SFI today

#evolution #innovation #invention

"Novel technologies are constructed from existing technologies. These offer themselves as components for the construction of further technologies."

- W Brian Arthur at SFI today

#evolution #innovation #invention #technology #engineering #design

Unlike the two-parent #inheritance typical to (but not ubiquitous among) #complex organisms, #technology inherits features from n parents - a "vast ancestral #network" more like horizontal gene transfer networks in #bacteria.

W Brian Arthur on sumulating #invention on a chip:

Does #Archaeology support the Theory of the #AdjacentPossible - that #innovation is combinatorial, persistent, cumulative?

In short, yes. SFI's Tim Kohler on the #Paleolithic data of #technology #evolution & the #prehistory of the infamous "hockeystick" curve:

😉 @SAPIENS_org

#Economist Roger Koppl of @SyracuseU presents a model for the #AdjacentPossible at SFI.

Output = "a combinatorial explosion" or #singularity, albeit one that arguably occurred millions of years ago, or in the distant future (since the model doesn't specify t = 0):

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Get a cup of coffee.

In this thread, we'll cover *State Quantities* and *Flow Quantities*.

This mental model can help us analyze many different entities -- from complex engineering systems to publicly traded companies.

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A "State Quantity" is something that's associated with a *specific point in time*.

For example, the number of followers a Twitter account has is a state quantity. This number can go up and down over time. But at any one *specific* time point, it's fixed.

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Similarly, the amount of cash a company has is a state quantity.

This cash balance can also rise and fall over time.

But pick any one *specific* time point -- and the company can only have one *specific* cash balance at that time point.

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By contrast, a "Flow Quantity" is something that's associated with a time *interval* rather than a time *point*.

For example, the number of followers gained by a Twitter account is a flow quantity. It's meaningful only when we specify a time interval (eg, the last 30 days).

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A simple analogy is that a State Quantity is like a photo -- a snapshot at a particular *point* in time.

But a Flow Quantity is like a video -- a record of events that take place during a particular time *interval*.

1/This is a rant I had with someone while texting, and I thought it would make an interesting thread:

2/ Jim, If you come across any information, I still desire to hear any information on the state of our beleaguered union.