Ok. Dvija means twice born. Dvijas are Brahmins, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas. Ezhavas and Thiyars are outside varna system but were not regarded as Dalits bcoz they were free unlike Dalits who were slaves. They had to endure caste discrimination but a lesser degree compared to Dalits

@love_lonewolf Official denotation for Dalit castes in Kerala were “agricultural slaves attached to the property.” As per the evidence given to House of Lords in 1830, the slaves were generally sold for 5 Rupees to 20 rupees in the Shudra Hindu Kingdom of Travancore
@love_lonewolf Abolition of Slavery in 1843 was an important milestone in the History of Dalits, Adivasis, and OBC Shudras who lived inside the British Indian Government territories.
@love_lonewolf However, the purchase and sales of slaves continued till 1870s in many of the Hindu Kingdoms like Travancore despite repeated requests of the British Raj and the Christian missionaries to eradicate slavery.
@love_lonewolf After repeated British interventions, the Kingdom of Travancore finally banned slavery except for d sale of children in 1853 AD & it took, British Indian Penal code which came effective on the 1862 to put an official ban on the sale of children in the Shudra Kingdom of Travancore
@love_lonewolf Since Ezhava/Thiyya were free. Many amongst them were able to accumulate wealth in terms of property, education, & govt jobs during the British Raj which is especially true of Malabar(North Kerala) which was part of British India
@love_lonewolf But this was not the case with Kerala Dalits who had to fight wars after Wars to be granted with even what we regard as a simple thing - just as cover breasts, walk in a public road, attend public school, wear a footwear, wear clean clothes, wear a cloth reaching feet, ..so on
@love_lonewolf Brahmin Syrian commie Arundhati Roy terms Ezhava/Thiyya castes as working Shudra castes. The origin of this is interesting. All Nair castes and Ambalavasi(Temple castes) are Shudras. There is perhaps no other caste who has been benefited by British Raj than Nairs.
@love_lonewolf After gaining Modern Education and Govt jobs through British Raj, Nairs sort of felt bad about being referenced as Shudras and began projecting themselves as working Kshatriyas and Ezhavas/Thiyyas as working Shudra castes
@love_lonewolf Although Kerala communist party was founded on Dalit blood and sweat, the party leadership was snatched from them by Brahmin and Nair/Nambiar leaders. 1st Kerala Govt land reform act which gave leased property to the farmers was a boon to both Nair/Nambiar and Ezhava castes.
@love_lonewolf But it did not benefit most Dalits as majority were former slaves & farm labourers - only very few of them were land leasing farmers. The privilege of having land together with the Constitution provided rights & Gulf income stream made Ezhvas/Thiyyas as influential as Nair castes
@love_lonewolf The situation of Dalits is a better in Kerala when compared against other states, but not even 1% of true as Left claims. There are 27,000 or so Dalit colonies in Kerala. Colony is sort of modern name for Slum.
@love_lonewolf Left considers Dalits as their main vote bank second to Ezhava/Thiyyas. But there has never been a Dalit candidate who has ever contested outside reserved seats for Dalits. There will be Dalit minister but always they will just be minister for SC&ST + sometimes Sports and Youth

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Viruses and other pathogens are often studied as stand-alone entities, despite that, in nature, they mostly live in multispecies associations called biofilms—both externally and within the host.

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Microorganisms in biofilms are enclosed by an extracellular matrix that confers protection and improves survival. Previous studies have shown that viruses can secondarily colonize preexisting biofilms, and viral biofilms have also been described.


...we raise the perspective that CoVs can persistently infect bats due to their association with biofilm structures. This phenomenon potentially provides an optimal environment for nonpathogenic & well-adapted viruses to interact with the host, as well as for viral recombination.


Biofilms can also enhance virion viability in extracellular environments, such as on fomites and in aquatic sediments, allowing viral persistence and dissemination.
🌺कैसे बने गरुड़ भगवान विष्णु के वाहन और क्यों दो भागों में फटी होती है नागों की जिह्वा🌺

महर्षि कश्यप की तेरह पत्नियां थीं।लेकिन विनता व कद्रु नामक अपनी दो पत्नियों से उन्हे विशेष लगाव था।एक दिन महर्षि आनन्दभाव में बैठे थे कि तभी वे दोनों उनके समीप आकर उनके पैर दबाने लगी।


प्रसन्न होकर महर्षि कश्यप बोले,"मुझे तुम दोनों से विशेष लगाव है, इसलिए यदि तुम्हारी कोई विशेष इच्छा हो तो मुझे बताओ। मैं उसे अवश्य पूरा करूंगा ।"

कद्रू बोली,"स्वामी! मेरी इच्छा है कि मैं हज़ार पुत्रों की मां बनूंगी।"
विनता बोली,"स्वामी! मुझे केवल एक पुत्र की मां बनना है जो इतना बलवान हो की कद्रू के हज़ार पुत्रों पर भारी पड़े।"
महर्षि बोले,"शीघ्र ही मैं यज्ञ करूंगा और यज्ञ के उपरांत तुम दोनो की इच्छाएं अवश्य पूर्ण होंगी"।


महर्षि ने यज्ञ किया,विनता व कद्रू को आशीर्वाद देकर तपस्या करने चले गए। कुछ काल पश्चात कद्रू ने हज़ार अंडों से काले सर्पों को जन्म दिया व विनता ने एक अंडे से तेजस्वी बालक को जन्म दिया जिसका नाम गरूड़ रखा।जैसे जैसे समय बीता गरुड़ बलवान होता गया और कद्रू के पुत्रों पर भारी पड़ने लगा


परिणामस्वरूप दिन प्रतिदिन कद्रू व विनता के सम्बंधों में कटुता बढ़ती गयी।एकदिन जब दोनो भ्रमण कर रहीं थी तब कद्रू ने दूर खड़े सफेद घोड़े को देख कर कहा,"बता सकती हो विनता!दूर खड़ा वो घोड़ा किस रंग का है?"
विनता बोली,"सफेद रंग का"।
तो कद्रू बोली,"शर्त लगाती हो? इसकी पूँछ तो काली है"।