BC INDIA
Saved by @Mollyycolllinss

#Thread on farm Act and all its controversies.
Let us start with the controversies-
Is this act unconstitutional as it is being preached by many political parties?
There are two ways in which a law can be declared unconstitutional: substantive and procedural.

 a. Substantive grounds are where the law itself is unconstitutional, which means the law is against the fundamental rights. Farm act is not about the fundamental rights.
b. Procedural grounds are where the way in which a law is enforced is unconstitutional.
Now, this give us two points where this law can be challenged-

I. If this act against the Federalism structure of India.

Federalism in India refers to relations between the Centre and the States of the Union of India.
In simple words, there are few sections where only state govt. can make law (state list) & there are few sections where only Centre can make law (union list). However, there are few section where both can make law (concurrent list), refers to the 7th schedule of our constitution.
Before 1954, only state govt. had powers to make law related to agriculture. But, in 1954, Nehru chacha did an amendment which gave powers to centre too to make agriculture related law, refers to the entry on 33 of concurrent list.
Also, in case of a conflict b/w state and centre govt. regarding any law made under concurrent list, the law made by Parliament dominates, (Article 254/1).
I can bet that supreme court will not even waste a second to deny the challenge based on this point.
ii. If it is against the draft procedure of the Act.
Before discussing this, lets know something about ordinance. Legally, an ordinance is the equivalent of an Act; but is not passed by the legislature initially. It is a temporary law till its expiry or till it is repealed or
till it is approved by the legislature (after which it becomes an Act). Article 123 provides power to centre to make ordinance. An ordinance will expire after 6 weeks once both houses of the Parliament are in session.
It is compulsory for a session of Parliament to be held within six months (as per Article 85). Therefore, the maximum validity of an ordinance is 6 months and 6 weeks.
Farm ordinance was introduced on 5th june 2020 and first session of parliament was held b/w 14-sept to 1st oct.
hence it was necessary for the govt. to pass it. In loksabha this ordinance was passed easily and on 20th sept. this ordinance was presented in rajyasabha and was passed on the basis of voice vote, which was the biggest controversy.
Why voice vote?
For individual voting, all member requires to sit at their allotted seats which was not possible due to covid 19 situation and social distancing was mandatory.

Can the process of passing bill, decided by the speaker be challenged in any court?
No, referring to the article 122 which states that, Courts will not inquire into proceedings of Parliament.
Hence, one can question on the morality of the procedure but, there is nothing wrong with this act legally.
Okay, let’s just suppose that the bill had got rejected in the rajyasabha, then this bill would have gone to the joint session and needed to be pass from there.

Loksabha has 543 members and rajyasabha has rajyasabha 242 members. Total members are 785.
So, to pass the bill in the joint session one require to have 393 votes. NDA has 353 members in loksabha only. Hence nothing could have stopped farm bill to become an act.
However, congress is now talking to use Article 254/2 to override the act, which states-
Though states could come out with their own Bills to some extent to override the statutes of passed by the Parliament, none of those Bills would be effective unless the President accords his consent to such Bills.
But why there was a need of ordinance and so much hurry?

Modi govt. had promised to double the wedges of farmers till 2022 and for that major reforms are required.

If we see the acts, they are actually a very major reforms in the agriculture sector.
Govt. knew that any such reform will create major instability in opposition anyways.

What is the guarantee of the success of farm Act?

Well, Bihar did such reforms in 2006 and according to an article of "the print" itself-
"In the last five years, India’s agricultural growth has been 2 per cent while that of Bihar has been 7 per cent. Bihar is an example that agriculture does well when reforms are carried out," said by @ShekharGupta

link of full article-
https://t.co/TGwKdg9Zr7

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कहते है इतिहास ख़ुद को दोहराता है। पर जितना मैं इतिहास के गहराइ में गया हूँ , एक ही बात समझ पाया हूँ की इतिहास ख़ुद को दोहराए ना दोहराए वो सबसे ताक़तवर चीज़ को हमेशा ही दबा देता है । जैसे की हमारा देश भारत। इतिहास में हम पूरी दुनिया में सबसे आगे थे,


चाहे वो कोई भी क्षेत्र क्यूँ ना हो। और आज हम ग़रीबी से जूझ रहे हैं। पर भारत के अंदर भी एक राज्य के साथ ठीक ऐसा ही कुछ हुआ, जैसा कि 2014 तक भारत के साथ विश्व में होता था। वो राज्य है - बिहार । हाँ वही बिहार जो भारत में सबसे ज़्यादा IAS-IPS देता है , पर आज भी हम बिहारियो को बेकार


और बेवक़ूफ़ समझा जाता है । पढ़े लिखे लोगों कि हिसाब से बोले तो low standard. आइए एक बार आपको बिहार के इतिहास में ले चले ।

हज़ारों साल पहले की बात है जब हरी भरी भूमि से, जहाँ गंगा की पवित्र धारा बहती है, एक ख़ूबसूरत रानी ने जन्म लिया - सीता ।

सीता बिहार की बेटी जिसका बचपन बिहार में ही बिता और बिहार के मिट्टी से शुरू हुई अब तक की सबसे बड़ी महाकाव्य की रचना- रामायण । हाँ, वही रामायण और सीता जिसके लिए हम आज भी ट्विटर पर लड़ते है । विश्वप्रसिद्ध मिथिला पेंटिंग की शुरुआत भी सीता कि विवाह से ही शुरू हुई ।


क्योंकि जो मिथिला पेंटिंग की पुरानी चित्रकला मिलती है वो सीता राम की ही है । बिहार का इतिहास बताता है की बिहार में औरतों को बहुत अधिक इज़्ज़त दी जाती थी क्योंकि वो सीता जैसी ही स्वाभिमानी होती थी । और शायद यही कारण था की मौर्य समराज्य के पहले राजा चंद्रगुप्त मौर्य की 700 महिला
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#Thread on decoding the ॐ/AUM/OM

AUM is made up of 3 syllables: A, U, & M, or, phonetically, “aaah,” “oooh,” & “mmm.” A is the first of the guttural sound, so it is the very first sound that human can utter, M is the last of the labial sounds and


U is the sound produced by rolling the wind over the whole of the tongue. Hence the conjunction of these 3 primary sounds can be comprehended to contain the rudiment of all sounds that human can ever give utterance to and so it can be taken as the fittest sound symbol of Brahman.

According to Taittiriya Upanishad 1.8.1-

MnOm is Brahman. Om is everything here.

At a physical level, the Aum syllable addresses the whole of the human sound instrument: we open the mouth (a), move the lips closer to each other (u) & then close the mouth (m).


This activates the larynx fully. ‘A’ resonates in the stomach and chest, ‘u’ in the throat and chest and ‘m’ in the nasal cavity, skull and brain. By chanting Aum we move the energy from the abdomen up to the brain.

Moreover, the syllable AUM represents several important triads:


Worlds - Earth, Atmosphere, and Heaven; Major Hindu Gods - Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva; Gunas: Tamas, Rajas and
Sattva; Sacred Vedic scriptures - Rg, Yajur, and Sama; Actions: Creation, Preservation, and Destruction; Time: Past, Present, and Future;
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#Thread on "Kashi (Varanasi), From Birth to Death and Death to Moksha."

Located on the left bank of the Ganga, Varanasi is one of the 7 holy cities of the Hindus. According to the Vamana Purana, two rivers named Varuna and Assi originated since the beginning of the timei

The name Varanasi originates from the two tributaries of the Ganges, the Varuna &the Assi, which flows at its northern & southern boundaries. The land lying between them was named 'Varanasi'. Its original name was derived from the word 'Kashi', 'Kaasha', which means brightness.

By the way, kashi is mentioned in many Vedic literatures. Kaushitaki Upanishad mentioned about the places like Kashyas and Videhas. Ajatashatru has been declared as the ruler of Kashi or Videha in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. Apart from this, Kashi &Videha are also mentioned in

Shankhayan & Boudhayan Srotasutra.

It also mentions about Kashi joining the Kosala after the independent state got destroyed. It is often referred as adjectives such as 'city of temples', 'religious capital of India', 'city of Shiva', 'city of lamps', 'city of knowledge' etc.

Famous American writer Mark Twain writes: " banaras is older than history, older than tradition, older even than legend and looks twice as old as all of them put together.”

In the Middle Ages it was a part of the Kannauj kingdom and later it was ruled by Pala kings of Bengal.
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#Thread on speed of light in terms of vedic measurement.

Galileo Galilee was among the first to try to measure the speed of light in the early 17th century. Today we know that the exact speed of light is defined as 29,97,92,458 metres per second (approximately 186000 mi/s).


But, when it comes to Indian prospect, there are many references about the speed of light much before the 17th century.
The speed of light is not directly from the Rigveda Samhita but It is given by a great Indian scholor Sāyaṇācārya, popularly known as Sayana.


Sayana was a sanskrit scholar under king Bukka Raya I and Harihara II of Vijaynagar empire in 14th century. His commentary on vedas are very famous and was translated from Sanskrit to English by Max Müller, himself.


RigVeda verse 1.50.4-
तरणिविश्वदर्शवो ज्योतिष्कृदसि सूर्य । विश्वमा भासि रोचनम् ।।
Swift and all beautiful art thou, O Surya, maker of the light, Illuming all the radiant realm.

As it talks about maker of light. Commentary of Sayana in this verse is as:


तथा च स्मर्यत योजनानां सहस्रम् द्वे द्वे शते द्वे च योजने । एकेन निमिषार्धेन क्रममाण नमोऽस्तु ते ॥
It is remembered, [O Sun] bow to you, you who traverse 2,202 yojanas in half a nimesha.
Here it is talking about speed of Sun.
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PAKISTAN-INDIA WATER ISSUES – HOW INDIA STOPPED WATER IN PAKISTAN's CANALS IN 1948

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After partition in 1947, the water system was also bifurcated between Pakistan n India.

India cheated Pakistan when on April 1, 1948, India suddenly n without warning stopped...
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...the supply of waters flowing into Pakistan's Central Bari Doab and Dipalpur Canals.

The boundary award on the partition of the sub-continent had left the headworks of these canals in Indian territory, and in accepting it India had implied her willingness to leave...

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...the historic distribution of common waters undisturbed.

India's action was therefore in flagrant disregard not only of international law n morality, but of her solemn commitments with Pakistan and a gross violation of this country's historical rights over common waters.

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Faced with a threat of utter desolation of millions of acres of fertile land, Pakistan had perforce to sign a document with India in which she agreed to "India's progressively diminishing water supplies to these canals and to the West Punjab government's tapping...

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